Solar cooker

1. RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANDA
FINAL YEAR PROJECT PRESENTATION ON
NOVEL SOLAR COOKING DEVICE BASED
ON
AIR CONVECTION
Under the guidance of,
Mr. Deep Singh Thakur
( Asst. Prof. Mechanical Eng. Dept.)
Dr. Manoj Kumar Singh
(Asst. Prof. Applied Science and Humanities Dept. )
Presented By:-
Ved Prakash Singh 1873440061
Saumya Srivastava 1873440052
Mohit Kumar Gautam 1873440034
Subodh Kumar Verma 1873440058
Madhuri Saroj 1873440029
Akash Kumar Bharati 1873440006

2. BACKGROUND
Fig:1 Solar radiation zones in India
{Data source: As per TERI based on the IMD database}
Fig:2 Most commonly used energy resources
Fig:3 Global Energy Consumption

3. SOLAR COLLECTOR & CLASSIFICATION
⮚A solar collector is a device that collects
and concentrates solar radiation from
the Sun. These devices are primarily used
for solar heating.
There are two major classes of solar concentrators:
1. Concentrating concentrators
2. Non concentrating concentrators
solar thermal
collectors
concentrating
non
concentrating
line focused point
focused
Flat Plate Evacuated
Tube
linear
Fresnel
parabolic
disc
parabolic
trough
power
tower
Fig 4: Solar Collectors
Fig 5: Classification of solar collector

4. Continued….
• With the advancement in technology the living standards as well as life expectancy of people
has increased.
• But the modernisation has brought other health problems along.
• Obesity, diabetes, heart diseases are some health disorders commonly seen these days.
• Fried food is one of the major contributor of these diseases.
• So we need to avoid fried food as much as possible.
• But what is the alternative?
• The answer is air frying.

5. What is Air-Frying ?
• Air frying is a process in which food is cooked by circulating hot air around it in a closed
chamber.
• In air frying the food is given the texture similar to deep fried foods without using any oil.
Benefits of Air Frying
• Eating fried foods increases the risk of heart disease,
stroke, heart failure and premature death.
• Air fried food is the best healthier alternative
for fried foods.
• Highly cost effective.
Fig 6: Circulation of hot Air

6. LITERATURE REVIEW:-
S.
NO.
Author Year Journal Finding
01 C.Tzivanidis, E.Bellos 2015
The National Technical
University of Athens
Thermal and optical efficiency
investigation of a parabolic trough
collector
02 Mark Fedkin 2013
John A. Dutton e-
Education Institute, Penn
State University.
The geometry of Parabolic dish
Reflector.
03
John A. Duffie. &
William A. Beckman. 2013
Solar energy Laboratory,
University of Wisconsin
Madison.
The direction of beam radiation.
&
The ratio of Beam Radiation on the
tilted surface to that on Horizontal
Surface.

7. Problem Statements
•84 % of world energy is supplied using fossil fuels which are soon going to exhaust from the
nature.
•Fossil fuels also add to the global climate change since they cause a lot of pollution.
•Fried and deep fried food causes a lot of health problems so there is need to find the better,
healthier alternative.
Aim
•Providing heat energy for air cooking with the help of solar energy.
•To convert solar radiation in a point focused by utilizing Parabolic Disc collector
•Using adjustable flat plate petal like reflectors to achieve higher temperatures when required.
•Heating air through solar heat radiation by developing greenhouse effect with point focused in
vertical chamber .
•Using air convection currents to do air frying without using oil.

8. Solution to the Problem
• In this project we are using concentrated solar energy to cook food by air frying method. In
air frying hot air will be circulated through fans around the food to be cooked. The food will
get cooked through convection currents forms hot air.
• The solar energy from the sun will be concentrated using parabolic disk reflectors and
adjustable flat plate petal like reflectors which can be used if high temperatures are needed.
• This energy will be focused on a cylindrical chamber & it will heat air. The hot air will be
supplied to the charging station and then to the cooking chamber where food will be cooked
using air frying technique. The temperature of the cooking chamber will be controlled by
using pressure valve.

9. . METHODOLOGY
Define Specification and Function of Product.
Study the Alternative Mechanism and finalize the Target
Measure in detail various aspects of the current process.
Prepare the general layout of Configuration.
Find out general Parameters with their values
Analysis the product Features.
Determine the Failure modes.
Modification in process.
Prepare the Physical Model for representation.

10. Schematic Diagram
Fig 7: Initial design of device Fig 8: Modified design
MODIFICATION

11. Actual Design Calculation
Assumption:-
Diameter of parabolic Disc = 1m
Intensity of solar radiation = 1000 W/m²
Initial Temperature = 25°C
Area of Disc = π(d)²/4
= π(1)² ÷ 4
= 0.785 m²
• Solar Energy received by the disc per sec
= 1000 x0.785
= 785 W
• Total energy received after 30 mints
= 1800 x 785
= 1413 KJ
• If we consider the CR as = 1000
CR = aperture area / receiver area
1000 = π(0.5)² / πr²
r = 1.58 cm
So as per the calculation we assume round value
of radius of receiver i.e. copper rod = 2 cm
• To calculate mass of rod (copper) :-
Density of copper rod , ρ = 8960 kg /m³
Length of the rod, L = 0.5 m
Diameter of rod, d = 0.04 m
We know that, m = ρV
= 8960 x (π/4) x 0.04² x 0.5
m = 5.63 kg
Now, Q = mcΔT
1130.4 = 5.63 x 0.385 x (Tf - 25)
Tf = 546.5°C

12. Parts Specification of the Actual Model
1. Solar Collector:-
Aperture = 0.94m
Focal Length = 0.4489m
2. Cooking Chamber:-
Length = 0.28 m
Width = 0.21 m
Height = 0.205 m
Volume = (0.28*0.21*0.205)meter cube
Material = Stainless Steel (SS)
Insulating material
thickness = 0.02m
Fig 10: Cooking Chamber
Fig 9: Solar Collector

13. 3. Heating Chamber:-
• Material = Stainless Steel
• Length = 25cm
• Diameter = 17.5cm
• Volume = 6 ltr.
Fig:11 Heating Chamber(Back View) Fig:12 Heating Chamber(Front View)

14. 4. Absorber Rod:-
Length =0.27m
Outer Diameter = 0.016m
Inner Diameter = 0.014m
Mass = 94 gm
Thermal Conductivity(K) = 50.2 W/mk
Specific heat capacity (Cp) = 0.466 J/g°C
5. Charging Station:-
Length = width = 0.235m
Height = 0.325m
Volume = (0.235x0.235x0.325) meter cube
Material = Tin
Insulating material thickness = 0.02m
Fig:13 Absorber Rod
Fig:14 Charging Station

15. First prototype
Fig 15: 1st Attempt

16. Theoretical Calculations
Assumption:-
1. Intensity of solar radiation on earth's surface-
1000W/m².
2. Initial temp of collector rod =25°C
3. We have assumed that the device is pre-
charged in the Sun for 30 minutes.
4. Assuming 20% heat loss from collector rod
Calculation:-
• Area of Collector =0.6939m²
• Intensity of radiation =693.9W
C/s Area of our collector rod=0.000201 m².
By practical observation,
•Area of the focused rays( focus area 0.01766m²)
So after 30 minutes,Radiation received by the parabolic
disk-693.9x1800=1249.02 KJ
• So heat received by collector rod(c/s area)=14.2159
KJ
• Heat absorbed by rod (considering losses)
Q =11372.7302 J
Consider the Absorptivity of the rod = 0.9
Therefore, heat absorb by the rod =0.9 x 11372.73J
= 10235.457 J
•Let Tf be the temperature of rod after 30 minutes of
charging
we know Q=mc(Tf-Ti)
10235.457 =94x0.466x(Tf-25)
Tf=285.66 °C

17. Second Attempt
• Material = Tin
• Length = 0.12m
• Width = 0.12m
• Height = 0.40m
In the second attempt we used sheet metal for
making the heating chamber.
Fig 16: 2nd Attempt

18. Third Attempt
In this we have made a leak proof chamber but due to the generation of high pressure and
temperature the glass busted up.
Fig 17: Third Attempt

19. Final Attempt
• Replaced the 5 mm glass plate with 10 mm
glass plate.
• And succeeded to design a leak proof
working experimental setup.
Fig:18 Final Attempt

20. Experimental measurements and calculations
Here pressure is in pascal,temperature is in degree celsius and volume is in cubic centimeters.
Table 1: Experimental results

21. continued…
• Air flow meter has been used in the experiment to measure the pressure generated in the
heating chamber after 30 minutes of charging in the sun.
• Then using Gay Lussac’s law i.e. P/T=const the final temperature in the vessel has been
calculated as follows:-
1. P2/T2=P3/T3 where P and T are absolute pressure and temperature respectively
putting values from table
P2=(1700+101325) pascal
T2=(42+273)K
P3=(3378+101325) pascal
T3=?
using above equation we get T3=46.41 degree celsius.
2. In the second trial by increasing the number of pump strokes from 5 to 7 we get T3=48.46
degree celsius.

22. Future Scope
• By using this novel solar cooking device we were able to increase the temperature and
pressure of air inside the container.
• This device can be used to cook food efficiently by using renewable non polluting source
of energy i.e. solar energy.
• In future with the help of more sophisticated equipments this device can be made more user
friendly and safe to use.
• It will be the best option for those who are health conscious and want to have a oil less diet.

23. References
1 Vanita Thakkar, Status of Parabolic Dish Solar Concentrators, International Journal of Enhanced
Research in Science Technology & Engineering.
2 Jorge Alexander Alarcon , Jairo Eduardo Hortúa , Andrea López G, Design and construction of a solar
collector parabolic dish for rural zones in Colombia, Universidad Detrital Francisco José de Caldas,
Bogotá, Colombia, 2013.
3 Dilip Kumar Dea, Narendra Nath Dec , Muwa Nathanielb , and Olukunle Olawoled, European Centre for
Research Training and Development UK, International Journal of Energy and Environmental Research,
2, 3, (20-44), 2014.
4 Sanda Budea, Hydraulics, Hydraulic Machinery and Environmental Engineering Department, Power
Engineering Faculty, University Politechnica of Bucharest, 7, 3781-3792, 2014.
5 S C POPALI, N R YARDI and B C JAIN Energy Division, Jyoti Ltd, Prec. Indian Acad. Sci., C2, 1979.

24. .
THANK YOU

25. Introduction.
Fig 3

26. .
• The world is currently experiencing energy crisis.
• We are currently majorly dependent on the fossil fuels for meeting our energy requirements.
• According to a research based on 2015 data the number of years the global fossil fuel reserves will last is
given as:-
• Also use of fossil fuels has affected the earth severely and resulted in climate change which is another
problem being faced by mankind today.
• Thus there is an urgent need to shift to the renewable sources of energy such as solar ,wind, hydroelectric,
geothermal, etc.
• Cooking food is the basic need of all human beings.
• So if we replace the fossil fuels used for cooking by renewable energy we can reduce our dependence on
fossil fuels as well as save earth and environment.
FOSSIL FUEL NUMBER OF YEARS IT WILL LAST
Oil 51
Coal 114
Natural Gas 53

27. Continued….
⮚ Today’s world is going toward the solar energy resources which are present in large quantity on
our planet. In past, many projects are done to harvest this energy and used it in day to day life.
⮚ Now a day, we are researching more to make our future easier in the energy field. Technology
improvements will ensure that solar energy becomes even cheaper and can be used by anyone.
⮚ In Future, solar energy will become the most important source of energy on Earth.
⮚Solar Energy can be utilized through Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Systems. Solar
Thermal Systems can be Flat Plate type (for low temperature ranges) or Concentrator type (for
medium and high temperature ranges).
⮚A solar collector is a device that collects and/or concentrates solar radiation from the Sun.
⮚The first known constructed solar cooker was the "hot box" style solar cooker created by Horase
de Saussure in 1776, which was able to reach temperatures of about 190 degrees Fahrenheit and
cook fruits. In 1869 Mouchot developed the first parabolic style solar cooker.

28. Experimental results
Assumption:- 1.Intensity of solar radiation on earth's surface-1000W/m².
2.Initial temp of collector rod -25°C
3. We have assumed that the device is pre-charged in the Sun for 30 minutes.
4.Assuming 20% heat loss from collector rod
Calculation:-
• Area of Collector Disk-a-Rx (0.47x0.47)-0.6939m²
• Intensity of radiation falling on this area per unit time-1000 W/m² X 0.6939m²=693.9W
• C/s Arca of our collector rod(where we are focusing the rays).A = ²(0.008)"=0.000201
m².
• By practical observation,
• Area of the focused rays( focus area 0.01766m²
• So after 30 minutes i.e. 1800s. Radiation received by the parabolic disk-693.9x1800-
1249.02 KJ
• Focus area-0.01766m²
• So heat received by collector rod(c/s area)=14.2159 KJ

29. Continued…
• Heat absorbed by rod (considering losses) = Q =11372.7302 J
Consider the Absorptivity of the rod = 0.9
Therefore, heat absorb by the rod=0.9x11372.73J = 10235.457 J
• Let Tf be the temperature of rod after 30 minutes of charging
we know Q=mc(Tf-Ti)
10235.457 =94x0.466x(Tf-25)
Tf=285.66 °C