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1. Hybrid Vehicles
Presented By G.Sai Manohar

2. What Is Hybrid Vehicle ?
 A HYBRID VEHICLE UTILIZES TWO DISTINCT SOURCES OF
ENERGY TO MOVE THE VEHICLE.
 SOURCES :- GASOLINE,ELECTRIC,BIOMASS,SOLAR
ENERGY,HYDROGEN,ETHANOL ETC.

3. Hybrid Automobile
 USE MORE THAN ONE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
SOURCES
 MOSTLY CARS
 USE BOTH ELECTRICITY AND GAS
 PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

4. How Does A Hybrid Car Work?

5. Types Of Hybrid Vehicles :-
HYBRID VEHICLES ARE CLASSIFIED
ACCORDING TO THE DRIVE TRAIN
STRUCTURE
PARALLEL HYBRID
SERIES HYBRID
PARALLEL AND SERIES HYBRID

6. Parallel Hybrid :-
 IN PARALLEL HYBRID ,PARALLEL HYBRID SYSTEMS
HAVE BOTH AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
(ICE) AND AN ELECTRIC MOTOR IN PARALLEL
CONNECTED TO A MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION.

7. Parallel Hybrid :-
ADVATAGES :-
 TOTAL EFFICIENCY IS HIGHER DURING CRUSING AND LONG
DISTANCE HIGHWAY DRIVING.
 LARGE FLEXIBILITY TO SWITCHBETWEEN ELECTRIC AND ICE
POWER.
 ELECTRICMOTOR CAN BE DESIGNED TO CONSUME LESS
POWER AS COMPARED TO SERIES HYBRID.
DISADVANTAGES :-
 RATHER COMPLICATED SYSTEM.
 THE ICE DOSEN’T OPERATE IN A NARROW OR CONSTANT
RPM RANGE, THUS EFFICIENCY DROPS AT LOW ROTATION
SPEED.

8. Series Hybrid:-
 IN SERIES HYBRID ONLY ELECTRIC MOTOR
TRANSFER POWER TO PROPEL THE VEHICLE.

9. Series Hybrid :-
ADVANTAGES :-
 THE COMBUSTION ENGINE CAN OPERATE IN A NARROW RPM
RANGE EVEN AS THE CAR CHANGES SPEED.
 SERIES HYBRIDS ARE RELATIVELY THE MOST EFFICENT
DURING STOP AND GO CITY DRIVING.
DISADVANTAGES :-
 THE POWER FROM THE COMBUSTION HAS TO RUN
THROUGH BOTH THE GENERATOR AND ELECTRIC
MOTOR.DURING LONG DISTANCE HIGHWAY DRIVING, THE
TOTAL EFFICIENCY IS INFERIOR TO A CONVENTIONAL
TRANSMISSION, DUE TO THE SEVERAL ENERGY
CONVENTIONS.

10. Series And Parallel Hybrid:-
 IT IS THE COMBINATION OF BOTH SERIES AND PARALLEL
SYSTEM. THERE IS A DOUBLE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE
ENGINE AND THE DEVICE AXLE; MECHANICAL AND
ELECTRIC. THIS SPLIT POWER PATH ALLOWS
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC
POWER,AT SOME COST IN COMPLEXITY.

11. Series And Parallel Hybrid:-
ADVANTAGES :-
 MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY TO SWITCH BETWEEN ELECTRIC AND
ICE POWER.
 IT IS SMALLER, LIGHTER, AND MORE EFFICIENT ICE DESIGN.
DISADVANTAGES :-
 VERY COMPLICATED SYSTEM,MORE EXPENSIVE THAN
PARALLEL HYBRID.
 THE EFFICIENCY OF THE POWER TRAIN TRANSMISSION IS
LOW.
 MORE EXPENSIVE.

12. Degree Of Hybridisation :-
 DEPENDING ON THE SHARE OF THE ELECTROMOTOR TO THE
TRACTION POWER THESE ARE CLASSIFIED :-
 MILD HYBRID/MICRO HYBRID :-
MILD HYBRIDS ARE ESSENTIALLY CONVENTIONAL VEHICLES
WITH OVERSIZED STARTER MOTORS, ALLOWING THE ENGINE
TO BE TURNED OFF WHENEVER THE CAR IS COASTING,
BRAKING, OR STOPPED, YET RESTART QUICKLY AND CLEANLY.
DURING RESTART, THE LARGER MOTOR IS USED TO SPIN UP
THE ENGINE TO OPERATING RPM SPEEDS BEFORE INJECTING
ANY FUEL.
FEATURES :-
 ENGINE STOP WHEN BRAKING.
 REGENERATION BRAKING.

13.  MEDIUM HYBRID(= motor assist hybrid) :-
MOTOR ASSIST HYBRIDS USE THE ENGINE FOR PRIMARY
POWER, WITH A TORQUE-BOOSTING ELECTRIC MOTOR
CONNECTED PARALLEL TO A LARGELY CONVENTIONAL POWER
TRAIN. EV MODE IS ONLY POSSIBLE FOR A VERY LIMITED
PERIOD OF TIME.
FEATURE :-
 ENGINE STOP WHEN BRAKING.
 REGENERATIVE BRAKING.
 MOTOR ASSIST.

14.  STRONG HYBRID(= full hybrid) :-
A FULL HYBRID EV CAN RUN ON JUST THE ENGINE, JUST THE BATTERIES, OR A
COMBINATION OF BOTH. A LARGE, HIGH-CAPACITY BATTERY PACK IS NEEDED FOR
BATTERY-ONLY OPERATION.
FEATURES :-
 ENGINE STOP WHEN BRAKING.
 REGENRATIVE BRAKING.
 EV DRIVE.
 MOTOR ASSIST.
 PLUG IN HYBRID :-
PLUG IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (PHEV) IS A FULL HYBRID, ABLE TO RUN IN THE
ELECTIC ONLY MODE, WITH LARGER BATTERIES AND THE ABILITY TO RECHARGE
FROM THE ELECTRIC POWER GRID. THEIR MAIN BENEFIT IS THAT THEY CAN BE
GASOLINE INDEPENDENT FOR DAILY COMMUNICATING, BUT ALSO HAVE THE
EXTENDED RANGE OF A HYBRID FOR LONG TRIPS.
FEATURES :-
 ENGINE STOP WHEN BRAKING.
 REGENERATIVE BRAKING.

15. BENEFITS
OF
HYBRID
VEHICLES
:-
 HYBRID CARS USE NO
ENERGY DURING IDLE
STATE, THEY TURN OFF
AND USE LESS THAN
PETROL ENGINES AT LOW
SPEEDS.
 AT LOWER SPEEDS i.e. IN
TRAFFIC NO SMOG IS
EMITTED MAINTAINING
ITS SUSTAINABLE
ADVANTAGE.
 HYBRID CARS OFFERS
GREATER MILEAGE THAN
OTHER CARS.

16. Disadvantages Of
Hybrid Cars :-
MORE EXPENSIVE- HONDA CIVIC BEGINS AT
$15,000, CIVIC HYBRID BEGINS AT $22,600.
PARTS CAN BE VERY EXPENSIVE TO REPAIR.(
BETWEEN $5,000 AND $8,000 FOR A
BATTERY)
SLOWER THAN GAS-POWERED CARS.

17. HISTORY OF HYBRID VEHICLE
FIRST HYBRID VEHICLE
WAS DESIGNED BY
FERDINAND PORSHE

18. Other Benifits :-

19. Today…..Future?
THE FUTURE FOR HYBRIDS LOOKS BRIGHT WITH RAPID IN
HYBRID TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE ENGINE EFFICIENCY.
 DUE TO REGENERATIVE BRAKING TECHNOLOGY, THE
BATTERIES NEED NOT TO BE CHARED ANYMORE BY AN
EXTERNAL SOURCE.
 HYBRIDS HELP REDUCE THE DEPENDENCY ON FOSSIL FUELS.
 AUTOMOBILES,INCREASINGLY WILL AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE
WILL BLURR THE SOCIAL DISTINCTIONS,EXPANDED
MARKETS,AND WOULD STIMULATE THE ECONOMY.
 THE USE OF LIGHTER,FASTER-CHARGING LITHIUM/ION
BATTERIES THAT ALSO HOLD THEIR CHARGE LONGER.

24. Future Hybrid Cars:-

30. ANY QUESTIONS ?