Presented by SAEED ANOWAR
ROLL NO : MF21
SEMESTER : 1ST
SESSION : 2022-202
Topic : Metaphysics and Epistemology
Of Sankhya philosophy
RAMAKRISHNA MISSION SIKSHANA MANDIRA
COURSE-(213) Philosophy of Education
M.Ed 1st Sem(2022-24)

SAEED ANOWAR is a Student of Ramakrishna Mission S
ikshanamandira Belur Math howrah,
Distinguished author in the field of Women Education, Phil
osophical Education, History of EducationTeacher Educati
on,and Educational Technology also.Saeed Anowar Obtain
ed B.A Honors in Education, M.A in Education(Regular M
ode) From University of Kalyani Nadia West Bengal and
B.Ed From WBUTTEPA, West Bengal, M.Ed from Rama
krishna Mission Sikshanamandira Belur Math, howrah und
er the university of Calcutta. He Passed WBTET , NET
with Jrf(Education), SET (Education).

Basic tenets of sankhaya philosophy
• The founder of sankhya philosophy is kapila.
• This is an oldest school of Hindu philosophy.
• Sankhya is the Sanskrit word which means
• number.
• Sankhya philosophy combines the basic
• doctrines of sankhya and yoga.
• Sankhya Denies the existence of God or any
• other exterior influence .
• Sankhya philosophy consisting of two realities
• that is Purusha and prakriti .
• It is a dualistic realism.

Metaphysics of Sankhya philosophy
Sankhya is dualistic realism. It is
dualistic because of its doctrine
of two ultimate reality's . That is
prakriti (matter )and another
Purusha (self-spirit).
Purusha Prakriti

Metaphysics of Sankhya philosophy
Purusha
• It is transactional self or pure consci
ousness.
• It is absolute independent , free,
• imperceptible, and unknowable puru
sh is
• neither cause or not effect.

Metaphysics of Samkhaya philosophy
Prakriti
Prakriti is the first cause o
f the manifest material uni
verse of
everything except the puru
sha
Three essential characteristic :
Sattva - pose ,fineness, lightness, illumination and joy
.
Rajas - dynamism ,activity, excitation and pain.
Tamas- heaviness, obstruction and inertia.

Epistemology of Sankhya philosophy
Three sourceso
f
knowledge
Perception (pratyaksa)
Inference (Anumana)
Verbal Testimony

1. Aloukik (Perception through the Mind)
2. Loukik (Perception through the External Fiv
e Senses)
a. Nirvikalpaka (Indeterminate) - First phas
e of Perception-Incomplete Perception
b. Savikalpaka (Determinate)- Second phas
e of Perception-Complete Perception

• Sabda (Testimony)
•
• 1. Laukika-Sabda: trustable testimony of tru
stableor knowledgeable person.
•
• 2. Vaidik-Sabda: words of Vedas.
• Anumana (Inferences)
• 1. Abito Anuman - based upon last opportunity
• 2. Bito Anuman - Positive inferences based upon
• knowledgeable person
• Purbabot Anuman- based on old experience
• Samanyoto-Drishto Anuman- based on similarities