Personality Personality assessment Steps in personality assessment Purpose of personality assessment

1. Personality
Anindita Mukherjee,
Consultant Clinical Psychologist,
Ass. Prof and Head, Department of
Psychology, Sister Nivedita University

2. Definition
• The word personality
originates from the Latin
persona, which means
"mask".
• Allport :"the dynamic
organization, within the
individual of those
psychophysical systems that
determine his unique
characteristic behavior and
thought."

3. Nature and characteristics
• Unique
• persistent qualities
• dynamic orientation
• influenced by social interactions

4. TRAIT
APPPROACH
Trait:
• An individual’s
habitual patterns of
behavior, thought,
and emotion

5. Eysenck’s theory
Introversion
Emotional
stability
Psychoticism
(Impulsive)
Sociability/Sup
er ego
functioning
(Impulse
Control)
Neuroticism
(gets
Emotional
easily)
Extraversion

6. TYPE
APPROACH
• Type:
psychological
classification of
different
categories of
individuals.

7. Jung’s theory
The introvert is more
comfortable with the
inner world of thoughts
and feelings
Extroverts depend on
their external
environment most of the
time.

8. Psychodynamic theory

9. Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud; (6 May 1856 – 23
September 1939)

10. Conscious mind
Pre conscious mind
Unconscious mind

11. Levels of consciousness:
1. Conscious mind
The conscious level consists
of all those things we are
aware of.

12. 2. Preconscious mind
• The preconscious consists of those
things we are not paying conscious
attention to, and where many memories
are stored for easy retrieval.

13. 3. Unconscious Mind
• The unconscious consists of those things
that are outside of conscious awareness,
including many memories, thoughts, and
urges of which we are not aware.

14. Structure of personality
• Freud's personality theory (1923) saw
the psyche structured into
three parts (i.e., tripartite),
• the id,
• ego and
• superego,
• all developing at different stages in our
lives.

15. • According to Freud
psychoanalytic theory,
• the id is the primitive and
instinctual part of the mind
• the super-ego operates as a
moral conscience, and
• the ego is the realistic part
that mediates between the
desires of the id and the
super-ego.

16. ID
• The id is the primitive and
instinctive component of
personality.
• It consists of all the inherited
(i.e., biological) components
of personality present at
birth,
• Pleasure principle.

17. EGO
• The ego is 'that part of the id which
has been modified by the direct
influence of the external
world.'(Freud, 1923, p. 25)
• The ego develops to mediate
between the unrealistic id and the
external real world.
• It is the decision-making component
of personality.
• The ego operates according to the
reality principle,

18. SUPER-EGO
• The superego incorporates the values and
morals of society.
• The superego's function is to control the id's
impulses,
• Morality principle

20. Defence Mechanism
• Part of Unconscious mind
that attempts to control Id
impulses.
• Defense mechanism
becomes pathological
when persistent uses
leads to maladaptive
behavior and physical
and mental health of an
individual is adversely
affected.

21. • Repression:
• Regression
• Sublimation
• Displacement

22. • Projection
• Rationalization

23. Phenomenological/ Humanistic

24. Carl Rogers personality
theory

25. Personality Development and
the Self-Concept
• Rogers based his theories of
personality development on
humanistic psychology and theories
of subjective experience.
• He believed that everyone exists in a
constantly changing world of
experiences that they are at the
center of.

26. self-concept
• As a result of their interactions with the
environment and others, an individual forms
a structure of the self or self-concept—an
organized, fluid, conceptual pattern of
concepts and values related to the self.
• If a person has a positive self-concept, they
tend to feel good about who they are and
often see the world as a safe and positive
place.
• If they have a negative self-concept, they
may feel unhappy with who they are.

27. Ideal Self vs. Real Self

28. Personality Assessments
Subjective Methods:
• Observation of behaviour of a person over a long period is
one of the techniques of assessing personality traits.
• Interview is a process of communication or interaction in
which the interviewee gives the needed information verbally to
the interviewer
• Autobiography method is also used to assess personality.

29. Objective Methods
• Rating scales are used to rate the various
personality traits
• check list can be employed to collect data
about a person.
• Personality Inventories: Eysenck’s
Personality Inventory, NEO 5.

30. Projective Methods:
• Thematic Apperception
Test (TAT)
• Children’s
Apperception Test
(CAT)
• Rorschach’s Ink-Blot
Test

31. Thank you