Module 2 Ecosystem

1. ECOSYSTEM
MODULE 2

2. ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE

3. 1. Which statement best describes a
population?
It is composed of individuals of any kind.
a
b
c
d
It is made up of all groups of organisms in an area at a given time
It is composed of groups of different kinds of individuals in one
area.
It is a group of individuals of the same kind in an area at a given
time.

4. 1. Which statement best describes a
population?
d It is a group of individuals of the same kind in an area at a given
time.

5. 2. It is the study of relationships among
living things and their environment.
Ecology
a
b
c
d
Ecosystem
Environmental Education
Environmental Science

6. 2. It is the study of relationships among
living things and their environment.
Ecology
a

7. 3. Which statement does NOT
describe a producer?
It absorbs carbon dioxide
a
b
c
d
It breathes and excretes waste products
It captures light
It manufactures food

8. 3. Which statement does NOT
describe a producer?
b It breathes and excretes waste products

9. 4. Which of the following consumers are
fed on dead and decaying organisms?
autotrophs
a
b
c
d
decomposers
primary consumers
tertiary consumers

10. 4. Which of the following consumers are
fed on dead and decaying organisms?
b decomposers

11. 5. Which of the following is NOT an
abiotic factor of ecosystem?
air
a
b
c
d
plants
soil
temperature

12. 5. Which of the following is NOT an
abiotic factor of ecosystem?
b plants

13. 6. Which of the following organisms can
make their own food?
consumers
a
b
c
d
decomposers
producers
scavengers

14. 6. Which of the following organisms can
make their own food?
c producers

15. 7. Analogy: Producer is to ____________ as
consumer is to ____________.
i. Algae ii. Cyanobacteria iii. Fish iv. Tiger
i and iii
a
b
c
d
ii and iii
iii and iv
iv and i

16. 7. Analogy: Producer is to ____________ as
consumer is to ____________.
i. Algae ii. Cyanobacteria iii. Fish iv. Tiger
i and iii
a

17. 8. Which of the following organism can
survive in a freshwater ecosystem?
Barracudas
a
b
c
d
Lobster
Starfish
Tawilis

18. 8. Which of the following organism can
survive in a freshwater ecosystem?
d Tawilis

19. 9. Which of the following is considered
as the largest terrestrial ecosystem?
desert
a
b
c
d
forest
taiga
tundra

20. 9. Which of the following is considered
as the largest terrestrial ecosystem?
desert
a
b
c
d
forest
taiga
tundra

21. 9. Which of the following is considered
as the largest terrestrial ecosystem?
c taiga

22. 10. What do you call the lowest level of
organization in nature?
Biosphere
a
b
c
d
Community
Organism
Population

23. 10. What do you call the lowest level of
organization in nature?
c Organism

24. 11. Analogy: Biotic is to __________
as abiotic is to ____________.
Host/Parasite
a
b
c
d
Milkfish/Water
Predator/Prey
Soil/Earthworm

25. 11. Analogy: Biotic is to __________
as abiotic is to ____________.
b Milkfish/Water

26. 12. Which of the following statements
best describe a community?
It is a place where individual interact
a
b
c
d
It is a group of individuals inhabiting an area
It is collective group of individuals occupying a particular place
It is a different populations interacting with each other in a
different space and time

27. 12. Which of the following statements
best describe a community?
b It is a group of individuals inhabiting an area

28. 13. What is the basic unit of ecology?
Ecology
a
b
c
d
Ecosystem
Environmental Education
Environmental Science

29. 13. What is the basic unit of ecology?
b Ecosystem

30. 14. What will happen to the ecosystem if
the decomposers are absence?
The ecosystem will not be affected
a
b
c
d
The ecosystem will have more nutrients
The ecosystem will have more producers and consumers
The waste and dead organisms would not be released back into
the ecosystem

31. 14. What will happen to the ecosystem if
the decomposers are absence?
d The waste and dead organisms would not be released back into
the ecosystem

32. 15. Which of the following is an example
of a natural ecosystem?
forest
a
b
c
d
garden
fish pond
zoo

33. 15. Which of the following is an example
of a natural ecosystem?
forest
a

34. WIKARAMBULAN

35. POOL LOTION

36. POLLUTION

37. BACK YARD

38. BACKYARD

39. ECHO SYSTEM

40. ECOSYSTEM

41. POUR REST

42. FOREST

43. TALL
LEI
RANCH

44. TOLERANCE

45. MAN MAID

46. MAN-MADE

47. LESSON 1
Introduction to
Ecology

48. ECOLOGY

49. comes from the Greek words
oikos, which means “house” and
logos, means “to study”.

50. a science which study the
relationships between human
and other organisms, and their
environment.

51. ECOLOGISTS
concerned with how
organisms interact with their
environment.

52. ECOSYSTEM

53. An ecosystem is the basic functional
unit of ecology, which comes from the
Greek word “oikos” - home and
“sistema”-system.

54. Living things and
non-living things

55. plants
animals
microorganisms
Living things

56. soil climate
water energy
air temperature
Non-Living things

57. Living thing + non-living thing =
ecosystem

58. One will not survive without the
other.

59. Food
Shelter
Reproduction
Protection

60. KINDS OF
ECOSYSTEM

61. NATURAL
ARTIFICIAL/
MAN-MADE

62. Natural Ecosystem
it is created by natural
condition or no human
intervention.

63. Artificial/Man-made
Ecosystem
it is created, manipulated
and controlled by humans.

64. Artificial/Man-made
Ecosystem
you can control the types and
numbers of species to be included.
you can also manipulate other
abiotic factors.

66. TWO TYPES OF
NATURAL
ECOSYSTEM

67. 1. Terrestrial ecosystem
this ecosystem is related
to land.

68. Forest
A forest is a large area that has many
trees and other plants that support
many animals and birds.

69. Two Types of Forest
Tropical Temperate
found near the equator
it results into frequent heavy
rainfall and thunderstorm
climate has lot of sunlight and
slight seasonal variation
have a climatic conditions
such as cold with moderate
seasonal variations
they have typical ferns,
mosses and very tall trees

72. well-known for hardwoods such as narra, molave,
tangile and yakal
it gives shelter to a tribal group in Cordillera and
Oriental Mindoro called Mangyans

73. What are some benefits
that we can get from
forest?

74. Grasslands
It is another terrestrial ecosystem that can be
found all over the world except in Polar Regions.
an ecosystem where there is less rainfall and
frequent fires that suppress the growth of trees
and bushes.
It is commonly called as “savanna or prairie”.

75. grasslands in Mt. Pulag located at Central Cordillera
of northern Luzon

76. Tundra
there are no trees in Tundra
it is located at the Polar Regions (or simply the
opposite of grasslands)
The soil is permanently frozen or permafrost.
Only shrubs, lichens and mosses dominate the
place in terms of plants while in animals, there
are arctic foxes, wolves and reindeers.

79. Deserts
It occupies about 35% of the world’s land areas.
The driest region on Earth.
Less rainfall occurs and the atmosphere is dry.

80. 3 Types of Deserts
1. Tropical
where wind blows sand dunes are very
common and it only has few species.
Examples are Sahara (Africa) and Thar
(Rajasthan) desert.

81. Sahara Thar

82. 3 Types of Deserts
2. Temperate
characterized by very hot summer and
very cold winter time. Mojave desert in
South California is an example.

83. Mojave desert

84. 3 Types of Deserts
3. Cold deserts
which Gobi desert in China is one good
example of this. In the Philippines, we
have La Paz Sand Dunes in Laoag, Ilocos
Norte.

85. Gobi
La Paz Sand
Dunes

86. Taiga
The largest terrestrial biome in the world.
The average temperature is below freezing point.
Winters are cold and summers are warm.
Lots of conifers grow here.
It is prone to wildfires.
Many trees have adapted to this by growing thick
bark.

87. In the Philippines, we have tropical coniferous forest in
Zambales Mountains, Mt. Pulag, Mt. Puguis, Mt. Polis and Mt.
Data. Most of them belongs to the Cordillera regions.

88. 2. Aquatic ecosystem
this ecosystem is related
to water.

89. two types based on salt
content:
a. Freshwater
ecosystem
b. marine
ecosystem

90. Freshwater ecosystem
Earth is made up of 3% freshwater which
includes rivers, lakes, ponds and streams.
Many plants and animals live here.
Some of them are water lilies and water Lettuce
for flora, and for fauna we have tawilis, Pandaca
pigmea, kanduli.

92. Water lilies Water Lettuce

93. tawilis
Pandaca
pigmea
kanduli

94. Marine ecosystem
made up the 97% of the Earth’s watery part.
The oceans are the largest marine ecosystem in
the world, which are considered to be home for
many diverse fish, mammals, invertebrates and
birds.

96. LESSON 2
Relationships of
Different
Component in the
ecosystem

97. Two Major Components of
Ecosystem
biotic abiotic
living
organisms
non-living
things

98. Biotic components
The living organisms in an ecosystem
collectively form its community called
biotic community.

99. The members of biotic components of
an ecosystem are grouped into three
based on how they get food.
Producers (Autotrophs)
Produce their food by themselves through
the process called photosynthesis.
Examples are trees and all green plants.

100. The green pigments called chlorophyll,
present in the leaves of plants, converts
CO2 and H2O in the presence of sunlight
into carbohydrates.
6CO2 + 12H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

101. Consumers (Heterotrophs)
They feed on autotrophs or other
heterotrophs to obtain energy (herbivores,
carnivores, omnivores, decomposers).

102. Consumers are classified as:
(a) Primary consumers
Herbivores
-plant-eaters
They directly depend on plants for their
food.
Examples: goat, deer, carabao, cow, horse,
etc.,

103. Consumers are classified as:
(b) Secondary consumers
Primary Carnivores
-flesh-eaters
They feed directly on herbivores for their
food.
Examples: snakes, foxes

104. Consumers are classified as:
(c) Tertiary consumers
Secondary Carnivores
-Meat-eaters
They depend on the primary carnivores
for their food.
Examples: Lion, tiger

105. Decomposers (Saprotrophs)
These are microorganisms that attack the dead
bodies of plants and animals, like bacteria and
fungi.
During the decomposition, they decompose dead
bodies into simpler compounds and inorganic
nutrients are being released.
The inorganic nutrients together with other organic
substances are then utilized by the producers for
the synthesis of their own food.

106. Abiotic components
The non-living components (physical or
chemical) of ecosystem collectively form a
community called abiotic community.
Examples are soil, water, air, climate,
sunlight, energy, nutrients, etc.,

107. Physical components
these includes raw materials, climate,
energy, and mineral which are useful for
the growth and maintenance of its
member.

108. Chemical components
the organic components of an ecosystem that are
source of essential nutrients, such as proteins and
amino acids, all of which are synthesized by the
biota (flora and fauna) of an ecosystem.
Examples are organic substances like lipids,
carbohydrates, proteins, etc., while inorganic
substances are micro ( Co, Cu, Al, etc.,) and macro
( P, K, O, C, H, etc.,) elements.

109. “ You can’t have one
without the other”.
-Stacy Tornio

110. What do you think
will happen if there
is no decomposers?

111. Level of Hierarchy in an Ecosystem

112. LESSON 3
Law of Tolerance

113. The group of organisms will thrive in
an ecosystem if the level of abiotic
factors fall within the range of
tolerance appropriate to its
individual.

114. According to Victor E. Shelford, was an American zoologist
and animal ecologist who helped to establish ecology as a
distinct field of study in 1913, Law of Tolerance states that
“the presence and success of an organism depend upon the
completeness of a complex of conditions. In addition to
this, Howard Thomas Odum, was an American ecologist,
further discuss the absence or failure of an organism can be
controlled by qualitative or quantitative deficiency or excess
with respect to any one of the several factors, which may
approach the limits of tolerance for that organism”.

115. environmental factor has two zones:
the zone of tolerance and zone of
intolerance.

116. Zone of Tolerance
i. Optimum Zone:
The zone where growth, reproduction and survival
capacity is high. Maximum numbers of organisms are
found in this zone.
ii. Stress Zones:
The stress zone is found on either side of the optimum
range in which the activity slows down. These are the
zones of physiological stress and only a few organisms
are found in these zones.

117. Zone of Intolerance
In the zone of intolerance or lethal zones,
the intensity of the environmental
factor is too low or high. No organism
can survive in this zone.

119. During this time of pandemic,
what are the good things that it
brings to our environment? to
your self?

120. Assignment #3:
1. Define Limiting Factor.
2. What is Law of
Conservation of Mass?
3. What is Law of
Thermodynamics?

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