CAS Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement
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CAS Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement
- 1. 11.2 MUSCLES & MOVEMENT IB BIOLOGY
- 2. MOVEMENT: THE HUMAN MACHINE • Joints • Bones • Nerves • Muscles • Tendons • Ligaments
- 4. THE ELBOW
- 5. THE ELBOW • Biceps – bends the arm (flexor) • Triceps – straightens the arm (extensor) • Humerus – anchors muscle (muscle origin) • Radius/Ulna – acts as forearm levers (muscle insertion) • Radius acts as a lever for the biceps • Ulna acts as a lever for the triceps • Cartilage – allows easy movement (smooth surface), absorbs shock and distributes load • Synovial fluid – provides food, oxygen, and lubrication to the cartilage • Joint capsule – seals the joint space and provides passive stability by limiting range of movement
- 6. KNEE JOINT VS HIP JOINT
- 7. KNEE JOINT VS HIP JOINT Similarities: - Both are synovial joints - Both are involved in the movement of the leg Differences:
- 8. MUSCLE STRUCTURE sarcomeres < myofibrils < muscle fibers = MUSCLES muscle fibers – long multinucleate cells Within each muscle fiber are cylindrical structures called myofibrils Myofibrils consist of repeating units called sarcomeres, which have light and dark bands
- 10. STRIATED MUSCLE FIBER Sarcolemma – specialized plasma membrane Sarcoplasmic reticulum – specialized endoplasmic reticulum designed for muscle contraction (contains high Ca2+) Myofibrils – tubular fibers divided into sections called sarcomeres, and made up of two different myofilaments (actin & myosin) Mitochondria – large numbers in order to produce enough ATP for muscle contraction
- 12. SARCOMERES
- 13. SARCOMERES
- 14. SARCOMERES H zone – area only occupied by the thick filaments (myosin) I bands (light) – regions occupied by only thin filaments (actin) A bands (dark) - are the region occupied by both filaments (overlap) Z lines – represent the extremeties of a single sarcomere
- 15. SARCOMERES H zone – area only occupied by the thick filaments (myosin) I bands (light) – regions occupied by only thin filaments (actin) A bands (dark) - are the region occupied by both filaments (overlap) Z lines – represent the extremeties of a single sarcomere
- 17. SARCOMERES H-zone I band A band I band
- 20. SARCOMERE CONTRACTION What do you expect to happen to the: H zone? A band? I band?
- 23. SARCOMERE CONTRACTION Four Stages of Cross Bridge Cycle 1) Cross Bridge Formation 2) Power Stroke 3) Cross Bridge Detachment 4) Reactivation of Myosin Head