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Language, Education, and  The Borg Identity Politics and the Assimilation of Linguistic and Cultural Minorities
Objectives for This Talk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Languages in the World ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nations typically contain multiple linguistic communities. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Time for A Joke ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“An American” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Dominance of English ,[object Object],[object Object]
What About Immigration? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assimilation  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ You will be assimilated.”
Things are Changing (Slowly) ,[object Object],[object Object],2000 Census 1990 Census
More Recent Stats: ’00-02 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Number of Speakers per Language in the Entire U.S. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.mla.org (2000 Census)
Proportion of U.S. Population ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.mla.org (2000 Census)
Proportion L.E.P. Speakers is Greater for Younger Ages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Trends ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Yet, Language Policy is a Very Contentious Issue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Language Policy in the Courts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Question is: Why? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Are the Values Being Expressed? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pluralists: Loss of Language = Loss of Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pluralists: Social Justice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assimilationists: What is an American? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assimilationists: English is the Glue that Holds Us Together ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Complexity of the  Assimilationist Position ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
From a Linguist’s Perspective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“Language” is a Fuzzy Concept ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Language vs. Dialect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Language vs. Dialect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dialects in the U.S.
From a Linguist’s Perspective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Linguistic vs. Political ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How Does a Dialect Become  a Language? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Standard American English (SAE) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
-- A Brief Summary -- ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Test: Ebonics ,[object Object],[object Object]
AAVE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
William Labov ,[object Object],[object Object]
AAVE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Word-Final Consonant Cluster Reduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Absence of 3 rd  Person Singular “-s” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiple Negation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Copula Deletion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Habitual “be” ,[object Object],SAE: The coffee is always cold. Sometimes I get angry. She is late everyday. AAVE: The coffee be cold. Sometimes I be angry. She be late everyday. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Status of AAVE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What If… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Logic of Ebonics ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Logic of Ebonics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Additional Motivations ,[object Object],[object Object]
Research on Reading ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Once Again: Values Drive  the Debate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reactions to Ebonics ,[object Object],[object Object]
Labov (Again) ,[object Object],[object Object]
What’s Our Role? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Culturally Appropriate Practice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cultural Competence ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cultural Competence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Linguistically Neutral Assessment and Intervention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Logic of the Linguistically Neutral Approach ,[object Object],[object Object]
Universal Features of Language ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lexical Development  (Fast Mapping) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wh-questions (Subjacency) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Definite Articles  (Discourse Knowledge) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Passives (Agent Restrictions) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Culturally Neutral Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object]
A Complementary Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contact Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Language, Education, And The Borg6

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