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The global landscape of SSL
Prof. Guoqi (Kouchi) Zhang &
Dr. Henk van Zeijl
Outline
SSL Tech & business trends
China SSL status
International SSL Alliance
Sino-NL cooperation
Aggressive increase of efficiency and
cost reduction
• Not scarify lighting quality and comfort
• Nearly zero cent per lumen strategy
Form & fixture revolution
“The Liberation of Light”
-Simplicity and Standards
Lighting is the essential pre-condition for the existence
of nearly all living lives on earth.
Lighting’s functions are much more than just “to see”
and “to be seen”
E-societyEnergy & environment
Security & safetyHealth & wellbeing Transport & mobility
Horticulture/food
•Developing and combining advanced
lighting tech with other tech to
create new functions, new applications
and new markets beyond traditional lighting
applications
•Light interaction with and impact on
people (eye, skin and psychological),
plants, animals, insects and bacteria, etc
More than illumination
Health & wellness
Healing: Patient care
Patient room Treatment Emergency & Operations
Sleep management
Sleep-related accidents
comprise 15-20% of all motor
vehicle crashes
7
Horticulture/food
Green house Animal breeding
Horticulture/food
City farm
•Increasing population & fast urbanization
•Scarce in agriculture land; water; energy
•Food quality, safety and security
Digitalise Lighting: towards a smart society
We live in a smart world
smart card
smart home
smart phone
smart Lighting
http://www.sensimed.ch
Smart medical
devices & hospital
smart grid
People’s
needs
Sociological
Psychological
Biological
Controllers/
Drivers/Power
/Passives
Sensor
Actuator
Light Source
Optics
Network
Media
Data
Objectives:
High efficacy; Multi-functions; Controlled reliability;
Low cost; Miniaturized; Green; etc
LED product/system: More than LED light
sources
10
Software technologyHardware technology
Control+ Seamless integration of hardware
and software
(co-development and co-utilization)
Beyond LED
New Industrial / Technology Landscape of Lighting
More than Illumination: Function Enrichment
Mobility &
safety
Emotion&
Perception
Health &
Wellbeing
Horticulture
& food
Intelligence
Interacting with other systems,
people and environment
Non-illumination function
Multi-level and Multi-functional System Integration
Efficiency
Cost reduction
Miniaturization
Retrofit
Form & fixture
revolution
New
business
potential
€
MoreIllumination:Efficiency
1
100
200
Lumen/W
time
$/lumen
1
100
200
• Current LED manufacturing strongly alike
Semiconductors in earlier of 1980s
• Highly proprietary processes
• Smaller wafers
• Low throughput and yield
• Low equipment utilization
• Advanced LED manufacturing will become
a commodity (big foundries), consolidation
will come in some years
LED’s landscape evolution
• LED technologies enable more dedicated market segments to address
the specific needs of people: lighting on demnads
LED’s landscape evolution
• Needs for system integration and optimization: system knowledge will
continue to provide differentiation
LED’s landscape evolution
Passive
LED
Sensor
Passive
LED
Sensor
Function layer optics
Function layer electronics
Function layer communication
Function layer optics
Function layer electronics
Function layer communication
•Stack optics and electronics layers:
…LED+driver electronics
•Stack electronics and communication:
…Wireless nodes
•Stack electronics and communication:
…Wireless nodes
•Stack sensor, electronics and
communication layers:
…Wireless sensor nodes
•Stack sensor, electronics and
communication layers:
…Wireless sensor nodes
•Stack optics, electronics and
communication layers:
…Compact LED system
2D mono-function layer2D mono-function layer
2D multi-function layer2D multi-function layer
2D wafer integration 3D wafer integration
15
Value exploration: move up the value chain
Material
equipment
LED chip
maker
Software
System
mgmt
Modules&
Sub-systems
Application
Content
protection
Infrastructure
System
integrator
Service
provider
Content
provider
Delivery
network
Gateway
mgmt
Legislator
regulations
From the hardware supply side
into the solution and services
Lighting’s landscape changes
Much more than
Miniaturization
multi-functionality
multi-discipline
multi-technology
multi-variability
multi-material
multi-interface
multi-process
multi-scale
multi-damage and failure mode
multi-testing targets
multi-application / market
multi-million investment
multi-innovation complexity
multi-talent
multi-supply chain
multi-business models
multi-infrastructure
multi-competition
Much more than
Technology
General Challenges
Outline
SSL Tech & business trends
China SSL status
International SSL Alliance
Sino-NL cooperation
Ling Wu
Secretary General of Chinese SSL Alliance (CSA)
President of International SSL Alliance (ISA)
China’s SSL Development
≥60%
≥50%
≥40%
≥30%
<30%
China Perspectives
Estimated GDP of ~€5 trillion in 2015
Urbanization rate of 50%+ in 2015,10m/per year
• 2 billion square meters of new buildings per year
10% middle-class households now, 40% in
2020
Over 10% of population aged 65+ 2015
• Quickly aging society, will reach 16%+ by 2030
More than 50% global infrastructure projects
•2009, 70 railway project started, 2000km
•By 2015, tram/metro reach >2000 km
Urbanization rate (2015)
• Reduction of energy consumption per GDP;
• Substantial reduction of pollutions;
• Food security;
• Climate changes;
• Resource (Energy/water/food/material) scarcity;
• Pandemics;
Energy-saving &
Environment Strategy
By 2015 LED luminaire efficacy 120 lm/W; assuming
30% market penetration; saving electricity 100B KWh
annually; reducing emission by 150M tons;
mercury-free, flicker-free.
Sustainable
Economic Growth
Lower energy consumption in full
lifecycle than conventional products
Cultivating Emerging
Strategic Industries
Large scale & driving effects
Upgrade traditional industries
High employment opportunities
SSL
Importance of SSL for China
New Chinese government
stated that "We must give high
priority to making ecological progress,
and work hard to
build a beautiful China"
192 B RMB in 2012, growth rate about 24%
Epi&chip Output value 6.5 B RMB, growth rate 30%
Packaging Output value 28.5 B RMB, growth rate 14%
Applications output value121B RMB, growth rate 34%
Number of companies above 6000
Source: CSA Consulting
Industrial Output
Source:《China LED Industry Development Report Focusing on General Lighting Market 2012》,CSA
Substrate, Wafer, Chip Package, Module
Application, system
More than illumination
Indicator
Backlight
Lighting
 A large number of packaging
companies, with the largest
manufacturing and export capacity
 Products are moving to SMD, mid
and highpower LED package
 Companies' business are extending
to cover downstream
 A large number of enterprises
 Low barrier, low focus, and lack
of brand
 Advantages on part of
functional lighting applications
 Innovative applications, such
as agriculture and medical, are
booming
SSL industry has long industrial chain, broad applications and diversified
development.
 Domestic LED chip companies
are over 60 until 2011
 Over 900 MOCVD are
maintained in China Mainland
 The first 48-piece 2-inch type
industrial MOCVD prototype
 Still a tech gap compared to
international advanced level
Complete SSL industry chain
• Efficacy of HP chip in mass production > 120 lm/W
• Si substrate GaN chip > 100 lm/W
• Some of applications are leading
• White LED package level efficacy > 130 lm/W
• OLED > higher than 40 lm/W
• Prototype of home-made 48 wafer MOCVD
Technology progress
2011 68%
Source: CSA Consulting
Goals
• To cultivate SSL market and increase social awareness
• To enhance system integration, identify bottlenecks and weak links on entire
industrial chain
• To establish the public platform on testing, standardization and certification
• To explore new business models: EMC (Energy Management Contract) &
others
National showcase: “10k and 10 cities”
Showcases
室内照明
21%
其他
1% 景观照明
29%
室外照明
49%
Outdoor
lighting:
49%
Indoor
lighting:
21%
Architectural
lighting:29%
Others:
1%
Energy saving of different applications
40%
50%
80%
60%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
路灯 隧道灯 景观 室内
Street Tunnel Architectural Indoor
40%
50%
70%
60%
14 industrial bases——
Xiamen, Shanghai, Dalian,
Nanchang, Shenzhen,
Yangzhou, Shijiazhuang and
etc.
珠三角
长三角
闽三角
环渤海
Yangtzi river delta
Is the most industrialization
area of SSL in China with
investment on whole
industry chain
Fuzhou,Xiamen,and
NanChang
There is large scale
investment in upstream for
epi and chip
Shenzhen,Foshan,and
Guangzhou
Own large scale LED
industry of packaging
with the most active
economy activities
Beijing,Hebei,Shandong,
and Dongbei
Leading the research,
focus on epitaxial & chip
4 industrial regions——
More than 85% SSL enterprises
have gathered in :
•Pearl River Delta
•Yangtze River Delta
•Area of annulus Bohai Sea
•Jiangxi and Fujian
Large scale industrial eco-system
Challenges
Challenge I
Lack of core
technology and
IPs for LED chip
Challenge II
SSL development challenges
Challenge IVChallenge III
SSL products
quality varies
Business environment
to be optimized
Industry
resources to be
consolidated
“I-A-R” Collaboration
Basic
Research
Core Tech
Research
Product
Development Industrialization
Standardization & Development
Support
sustainable SSL
Industry dev.
973 Plan
SSL Basic Research (Next
Generation)
863 Plan
LED fabrication key
breakthrough
National Key Technology
R&D Program
application products development,
system integration and innovation
Enhance innovation chain
International Open Innovation Center for SSL
- State Key Lab for SSL (SKL-SSL)
Objective:
Build a globally open and sustainable SSL innovation platform for
• Key technologies
• Specifications and standards
• Top talents development
• Industrialization and valorization
by collaborating with world-wide leading industries and academia covering the whole
SSL value chain, to solve both middle and long term technologic challenges.
联盟
共享机制
Company X: Entry fee +
Research cost
Company Y: Entry fee + Research
cost
Sharing Mechanism
Joint
investment
Open SustainabilityShare
Projectscopes,partialbudget
andstafffromcompanies
Organization Contract
Centralizedmanagementof
Staff,budget&facility
ensure ensure
Optimise value chain
• Avoid low end overheating
• Broaden application path to address wide
society needs
• Explore new business models
Strengthen service chain
• Standards and testing methods
• Quality control via CSA channel
management
• Market surveillance
• New government regulations
• Public awareness and media
Outline
SSL Tech & business trends
China SSL status
International SSL Alliance
Sino-NL cooperation
International Solid State
Lighting Alliance
Mission: International
cooperation using global
initiatives, effort and
resources to:
•accelerate and foster the
development of global SSL
technology, industry and
applications
•enhance people’s life and create
green and sustainable society.
Objective: not-for-profit
NGO, to serve
•SSL Industry
•SSL R&D community
•Global society at large
Uniqueness
• ISA industrial members cover
whole value chain
- Material, equipment, devices, modules,
products, systems, designer, manufacturer,
testing.
- Covering nearly all global leading players
• Teaming industries with
academia
- Leading universities and institutes
(research and testing)
• ISA association and society
members represent more than 3500
members
Scope of Activities
2. Initiate, promote and coordinate global
showcases
1. Develop Global Strategic Research
Agenda (SRA)& Global SSL Outlook (GSO)
$/lumen
1
100
200
time
2002
2012
2022
1
100
200
Lumen/W
$/lumen
1
100
200
time
2002
2012
2022
1
100
200
Lumen/W
3. Strengthen global eco-system (Multi-level
curriculum, education & training, talent
development, etc.)
4. Facilitate dialogue and cooperation on
standardization & testing methods
5. PR and promotion (Conferences, Seminars,
public awareness, media, global contests)
2012 ISA results
ISA Global SSL Student Contest
ISA Global SSL Showcase Top 100
ISA Global SSL Events of the Year 2012
ISA Global SSL Outlook (GSO)
ISA Strategic
Research Agenda
(SRA)
ISA 2012 BRICS E3 SSL Summit
• “ISA 2012 BRICS E3 Summit” (Emerging Economies, Emerging Market & Emerging
Technology) was held from November 6-7, 2012 in Guangzhou, China.
• Five delegation leaders from corresponding BRICS countries gave presentations
consented on BRICS SSL Network (BSNet)
ISA 2012 Seminar (Frankfurt, Germany)
Outline
SSL Tech & business trends
China SSL status
International SSL Alliance
Sino-NL cooperation
38
Sino - Dutch cooperation on SSL 2012
1. Joint innovation forum
2. Matching making
39
Sino - Dutch cooperation on SSL 2012
3. Short course for Chinese CEOs of SMEs
4. Joint int. summer school
Sino - Dutch cooperation on SSL 2012
5. Seven PhDs started in BRC
6. MOU to set up Delft Research Centre
(DRC)
7. NWO/MOST cooperation project
41
Sino - Dutch cooperation ideas for 2013
1. DRC starts operation
Our great appreciation for the support from NL ministry of Economy
Affaires and TUD
2. Extend BRC’s PhD portfolio – new PhD projects
3. Willing to cooperate with TNO and NL Lighting program
4. More NWO/MOST LED projects
5. Further promote bilateral business cooperation
6. Other MOST/NL bilateral government projects
7. More ……………..

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The global landscape of SSL door Prof. Guoqi (Kouchi) Zhang & Dr. Henk van Zeijl van de TU Delft

  • 1. The global landscape of SSL Prof. Guoqi (Kouchi) Zhang & Dr. Henk van Zeijl
  • 2. Outline SSL Tech & business trends China SSL status International SSL Alliance Sino-NL cooperation
  • 3. Aggressive increase of efficiency and cost reduction • Not scarify lighting quality and comfort • Nearly zero cent per lumen strategy
  • 4. Form & fixture revolution “The Liberation of Light” -Simplicity and Standards
  • 5. Lighting is the essential pre-condition for the existence of nearly all living lives on earth. Lighting’s functions are much more than just “to see” and “to be seen” E-societyEnergy & environment Security & safetyHealth & wellbeing Transport & mobility Horticulture/food •Developing and combining advanced lighting tech with other tech to create new functions, new applications and new markets beyond traditional lighting applications •Light interaction with and impact on people (eye, skin and psychological), plants, animals, insects and bacteria, etc More than illumination
  • 6. Health & wellness Healing: Patient care Patient room Treatment Emergency & Operations Sleep management Sleep-related accidents comprise 15-20% of all motor vehicle crashes
  • 7. 7 Horticulture/food Green house Animal breeding Horticulture/food City farm •Increasing population & fast urbanization •Scarce in agriculture land; water; energy •Food quality, safety and security
  • 8. Digitalise Lighting: towards a smart society We live in a smart world smart card smart home smart phone smart Lighting http://www.sensimed.ch Smart medical devices & hospital smart grid
  • 9. People’s needs Sociological Psychological Biological Controllers/ Drivers/Power /Passives Sensor Actuator Light Source Optics Network Media Data Objectives: High efficacy; Multi-functions; Controlled reliability; Low cost; Miniaturized; Green; etc LED product/system: More than LED light sources
  • 10. 10 Software technologyHardware technology Control+ Seamless integration of hardware and software (co-development and co-utilization)
  • 11. Beyond LED New Industrial / Technology Landscape of Lighting More than Illumination: Function Enrichment Mobility & safety Emotion& Perception Health & Wellbeing Horticulture & food Intelligence Interacting with other systems, people and environment Non-illumination function Multi-level and Multi-functional System Integration Efficiency Cost reduction Miniaturization Retrofit Form & fixture revolution New business potential € MoreIllumination:Efficiency 1 100 200 Lumen/W time $/lumen 1 100 200
  • 12. • Current LED manufacturing strongly alike Semiconductors in earlier of 1980s • Highly proprietary processes • Smaller wafers • Low throughput and yield • Low equipment utilization • Advanced LED manufacturing will become a commodity (big foundries), consolidation will come in some years LED’s landscape evolution
  • 13. • LED technologies enable more dedicated market segments to address the specific needs of people: lighting on demnads LED’s landscape evolution
  • 14. • Needs for system integration and optimization: system knowledge will continue to provide differentiation LED’s landscape evolution Passive LED Sensor Passive LED Sensor Function layer optics Function layer electronics Function layer communication Function layer optics Function layer electronics Function layer communication •Stack optics and electronics layers: …LED+driver electronics •Stack electronics and communication: …Wireless nodes •Stack electronics and communication: …Wireless nodes •Stack sensor, electronics and communication layers: …Wireless sensor nodes •Stack sensor, electronics and communication layers: …Wireless sensor nodes •Stack optics, electronics and communication layers: …Compact LED system 2D mono-function layer2D mono-function layer 2D multi-function layer2D multi-function layer 2D wafer integration 3D wafer integration
  • 15. 15 Value exploration: move up the value chain Material equipment LED chip maker Software System mgmt Modules& Sub-systems Application Content protection Infrastructure System integrator Service provider Content provider Delivery network Gateway mgmt Legislator regulations From the hardware supply side into the solution and services Lighting’s landscape changes
  • 16. Much more than Miniaturization multi-functionality multi-discipline multi-technology multi-variability multi-material multi-interface multi-process multi-scale multi-damage and failure mode multi-testing targets multi-application / market multi-million investment multi-innovation complexity multi-talent multi-supply chain multi-business models multi-infrastructure multi-competition Much more than Technology General Challenges
  • 17. Outline SSL Tech & business trends China SSL status International SSL Alliance Sino-NL cooperation
  • 18. Ling Wu Secretary General of Chinese SSL Alliance (CSA) President of International SSL Alliance (ISA) China’s SSL Development
  • 19. ≥60% ≥50% ≥40% ≥30% <30% China Perspectives Estimated GDP of ~€5 trillion in 2015 Urbanization rate of 50%+ in 2015,10m/per year • 2 billion square meters of new buildings per year 10% middle-class households now, 40% in 2020 Over 10% of population aged 65+ 2015 • Quickly aging society, will reach 16%+ by 2030 More than 50% global infrastructure projects •2009, 70 railway project started, 2000km •By 2015, tram/metro reach >2000 km Urbanization rate (2015) • Reduction of energy consumption per GDP; • Substantial reduction of pollutions; • Food security; • Climate changes; • Resource (Energy/water/food/material) scarcity; • Pandemics;
  • 20. Energy-saving & Environment Strategy By 2015 LED luminaire efficacy 120 lm/W; assuming 30% market penetration; saving electricity 100B KWh annually; reducing emission by 150M tons; mercury-free, flicker-free. Sustainable Economic Growth Lower energy consumption in full lifecycle than conventional products Cultivating Emerging Strategic Industries Large scale & driving effects Upgrade traditional industries High employment opportunities SSL Importance of SSL for China New Chinese government stated that "We must give high priority to making ecological progress, and work hard to build a beautiful China"
  • 21. 192 B RMB in 2012, growth rate about 24% Epi&chip Output value 6.5 B RMB, growth rate 30% Packaging Output value 28.5 B RMB, growth rate 14% Applications output value121B RMB, growth rate 34% Number of companies above 6000 Source: CSA Consulting Industrial Output Source:《China LED Industry Development Report Focusing on General Lighting Market 2012》,CSA
  • 22. Substrate, Wafer, Chip Package, Module Application, system More than illumination Indicator Backlight Lighting  A large number of packaging companies, with the largest manufacturing and export capacity  Products are moving to SMD, mid and highpower LED package  Companies' business are extending to cover downstream  A large number of enterprises  Low barrier, low focus, and lack of brand  Advantages on part of functional lighting applications  Innovative applications, such as agriculture and medical, are booming SSL industry has long industrial chain, broad applications and diversified development.  Domestic LED chip companies are over 60 until 2011  Over 900 MOCVD are maintained in China Mainland  The first 48-piece 2-inch type industrial MOCVD prototype  Still a tech gap compared to international advanced level Complete SSL industry chain
  • 23. • Efficacy of HP chip in mass production > 120 lm/W • Si substrate GaN chip > 100 lm/W • Some of applications are leading • White LED package level efficacy > 130 lm/W • OLED > higher than 40 lm/W • Prototype of home-made 48 wafer MOCVD Technology progress 2011 68% Source: CSA Consulting
  • 24. Goals • To cultivate SSL market and increase social awareness • To enhance system integration, identify bottlenecks and weak links on entire industrial chain • To establish the public platform on testing, standardization and certification • To explore new business models: EMC (Energy Management Contract) & others National showcase: “10k and 10 cities” Showcases 室内照明 21% 其他 1% 景观照明 29% 室外照明 49% Outdoor lighting: 49% Indoor lighting: 21% Architectural lighting:29% Others: 1% Energy saving of different applications 40% 50% 80% 60% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 路灯 隧道灯 景观 室内 Street Tunnel Architectural Indoor 40% 50% 70% 60%
  • 25. 14 industrial bases—— Xiamen, Shanghai, Dalian, Nanchang, Shenzhen, Yangzhou, Shijiazhuang and etc. 珠三角 长三角 闽三角 环渤海 Yangtzi river delta Is the most industrialization area of SSL in China with investment on whole industry chain Fuzhou,Xiamen,and NanChang There is large scale investment in upstream for epi and chip Shenzhen,Foshan,and Guangzhou Own large scale LED industry of packaging with the most active economy activities Beijing,Hebei,Shandong, and Dongbei Leading the research, focus on epitaxial & chip 4 industrial regions—— More than 85% SSL enterprises have gathered in : •Pearl River Delta •Yangtze River Delta •Area of annulus Bohai Sea •Jiangxi and Fujian Large scale industrial eco-system
  • 26. Challenges Challenge I Lack of core technology and IPs for LED chip Challenge II SSL development challenges Challenge IVChallenge III SSL products quality varies Business environment to be optimized Industry resources to be consolidated
  • 27. “I-A-R” Collaboration Basic Research Core Tech Research Product Development Industrialization Standardization & Development Support sustainable SSL Industry dev. 973 Plan SSL Basic Research (Next Generation) 863 Plan LED fabrication key breakthrough National Key Technology R&D Program application products development, system integration and innovation Enhance innovation chain
  • 28. International Open Innovation Center for SSL - State Key Lab for SSL (SKL-SSL) Objective: Build a globally open and sustainable SSL innovation platform for • Key technologies • Specifications and standards • Top talents development • Industrialization and valorization by collaborating with world-wide leading industries and academia covering the whole SSL value chain, to solve both middle and long term technologic challenges. 联盟 共享机制 Company X: Entry fee + Research cost Company Y: Entry fee + Research cost Sharing Mechanism Joint investment Open SustainabilityShare Projectscopes,partialbudget andstafffromcompanies Organization Contract Centralizedmanagementof Staff,budget&facility ensure ensure
  • 29. Optimise value chain • Avoid low end overheating • Broaden application path to address wide society needs • Explore new business models Strengthen service chain • Standards and testing methods • Quality control via CSA channel management • Market surveillance • New government regulations • Public awareness and media
  • 30. Outline SSL Tech & business trends China SSL status International SSL Alliance Sino-NL cooperation
  • 32. Mission: International cooperation using global initiatives, effort and resources to: •accelerate and foster the development of global SSL technology, industry and applications •enhance people’s life and create green and sustainable society. Objective: not-for-profit NGO, to serve •SSL Industry •SSL R&D community •Global society at large
  • 33. Uniqueness • ISA industrial members cover whole value chain - Material, equipment, devices, modules, products, systems, designer, manufacturer, testing. - Covering nearly all global leading players • Teaming industries with academia - Leading universities and institutes (research and testing) • ISA association and society members represent more than 3500 members
  • 34. Scope of Activities 2. Initiate, promote and coordinate global showcases 1. Develop Global Strategic Research Agenda (SRA)& Global SSL Outlook (GSO) $/lumen 1 100 200 time 2002 2012 2022 1 100 200 Lumen/W $/lumen 1 100 200 time 2002 2012 2022 1 100 200 Lumen/W 3. Strengthen global eco-system (Multi-level curriculum, education & training, talent development, etc.) 4. Facilitate dialogue and cooperation on standardization & testing methods 5. PR and promotion (Conferences, Seminars, public awareness, media, global contests)
  • 35. 2012 ISA results ISA Global SSL Student Contest ISA Global SSL Showcase Top 100 ISA Global SSL Events of the Year 2012 ISA Global SSL Outlook (GSO) ISA Strategic Research Agenda (SRA)
  • 36. ISA 2012 BRICS E3 SSL Summit • “ISA 2012 BRICS E3 Summit” (Emerging Economies, Emerging Market & Emerging Technology) was held from November 6-7, 2012 in Guangzhou, China. • Five delegation leaders from corresponding BRICS countries gave presentations consented on BRICS SSL Network (BSNet) ISA 2012 Seminar (Frankfurt, Germany)
  • 37. Outline SSL Tech & business trends China SSL status International SSL Alliance Sino-NL cooperation
  • 38. 38 Sino - Dutch cooperation on SSL 2012 1. Joint innovation forum 2. Matching making
  • 39. 39 Sino - Dutch cooperation on SSL 2012 3. Short course for Chinese CEOs of SMEs 4. Joint int. summer school
  • 40. Sino - Dutch cooperation on SSL 2012 5. Seven PhDs started in BRC 6. MOU to set up Delft Research Centre (DRC) 7. NWO/MOST cooperation project
  • 41. 41 Sino - Dutch cooperation ideas for 2013 1. DRC starts operation Our great appreciation for the support from NL ministry of Economy Affaires and TUD 2. Extend BRC’s PhD portfolio – new PhD projects 3. Willing to cooperate with TNO and NL Lighting program 4. More NWO/MOST LED projects 5. Further promote bilateral business cooperation 6. Other MOST/NL bilateral government projects 7. More ……………..