This document discusses several phakomatoses or neurocutaneous syndromes characterized by hamartomas of the skin, eye, central nervous system and other organs. It provides details on the clinical features, genetics, systemic and ophthalmic manifestations as well as management of specific conditions like Neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2, Von Hippel-Lindau disease, Tuberous sclerosis, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and Ataxia telangiectasia. Key aspects like characteristic tumors, genetic mutations, diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches are highlighted for each discussed syndrome.