This lecture contained: 1. Need to understand History 2. Historical development of Social Work 3. Historical Background/ Roots 4. Early 20th Century 5. After 2nd World War 6. The Beveridge Report and its implementation 7. Present Social Services 8. Development of Social Work in Pakistan 9. Functions of Directorate of Social Welfare Punjab

1. EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL
WORK
Rizwan Abbas
(Week 2 & 3)

2. NEED TO UNDERSTAND HISTORY
• The diversity of social work represents a great
challenge for social work research, education and
practice in the rapidly internationalizing and
globalizing world.
• This challenge can be met successfully only with a
deep philosophical and historical understanding of the
characteristics of a particular country - and welfare
regime – including the specific traditions of welfare
systems and the position and role of social work within
them.

3. • Research into the philosophy and history of social
work strengthens this understanding through analyzing
the conceptual and genealogical fundamentals of the
traditions of social work.
• This kind of research contributes to the theoretical
self-conception of social work which is necessary for
the development of social work as a modern
professional term.

4. ORIGINS AND MODERN HISTORY OF
SOCIAL WORK
All major religions
encourage people to help
the poor.
In the western world, the
first documented
organized social work
occurred during the 3rd
century, right after the
Christian Church was
legalized by Roman
Emperor Constantine I.
The church set up
hospitals, poorhouses,
orphanages, and homes
for the elderly, and these
establishments received
grants from the Roman
Empire.
By the 6th century, the
church had developed an
elaborate system for
distributing food and
other consumables to the
poor.

5. During the 19th century, the industrial revolution led to a lot of social
problems in England, including poverty, diseases, mental disorders,
prostitution, and others.
As such, there was a great need for social work.
Churches and governments established effective systems and laws to
provide assistance for the needy, and many individuals started to form
groups and organizations to perform social work.
Social work, as a profession, originated in the 19th century.

6. Jane Addams, Mother
of Social Work
• Jane Addams was one of the first
social workers in the US.
• When she was 27 years old, she
visited the Toynbee Hall
settlement house in London, and
she developed an aspiration to
open a similar house in Chicago.
In 1889, she partnered with her
friend Ellen Starr to set up a
settlement house called the Hull-
House.

7. • They gave speeches about the social problems that were
plaguing their neighborhood, raised funds, and encouraged
young women to become volunteer social workers.
• After two years, the Hull-House was providing assistance to
around 2,000 people every week. As she became more
famous in Chicago, she began to take on greater civic
responsibilities, such as founding a school of philanthropy,
conducting investigations on social problems, and
campaigning for peace.
• For her extraordinary efforts in social work, Jane Addams
was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in the year 1931.

8. WHY UK?
Social upheaval and mass migration contributed
significantly to the evolution of social work in the
UK.
Rapid growth of cities due to industrial revolution
results in poverty and diseases.
The UK government responded by offering free
treatment in hospitals, and hospital almoners were
recruited to help in the treatment of patients.
These almoners were regarded as social workers,
and their roles began to include other social
responsibilities in the following years.
Social work in the UK developed as a philanthropic
activity on the margins of statutory services.

9. Historical Background/Roots
• An act was passed in 1598 and revised in
1601 that provided a systematic plan for
helping the poor and established a system
of public responsibility implemented
through local care.
• This law was named as “Elizabeth Poor
Law.”
• Law Carried the impression that poverty
was result of culpable idleness or
insufficiency.

10. • Three classes of poor were
differentiated in The act of
1601:
1. The able-bodied poor: who
were to be provided with
work, or with punishment
is prison or the stocks if
they refused to work.
2. The Impotent poor: who
were to be kept in
almshouses.
3. Dependent Children: who
were to be apprenticed
unless parents or
grandparents could support
them.

11. For the dependent children group, the boys
were to be apprenticed until they were
twenty-four years old and the girls until
they either twenty-one or married.
Monies to finance these laws were
provided by taxes levied on lands,
houses, and tithes, from money left
for charitable purposes, and from
fines levied for the breaking of
certain laws.

12. • Thus poor law became inadequate to relieve
the economic problems associated with
urban and industrial development in the 18th
and 19th century.
• In 19th century, when the role of economic
forces outside an individuals control was
clear. It deters seeking relief for the sake of
losing self respect.
• social work in the 20th century became
increasingly a professional activity, either
carried out directly by the state, or carried
out by the voluntary sector on its behalf.

13. EARLY 20TH CENTURY
DEVELOPMENT
• Against the existing law following methods were being adopted:
• Pension for poor aged people.
• Government accepted the responsibility for aged people over 70 under
the old age pensions act 1908.
• Scheme of social insurance
• National insurance Act against unemployment, sick absence and
medical costs for lower paid workers.
• Payment of benefit as Right.
• Includes employers, state itself and the workman.

14. AFTER THE 2nd WORLD WAR
Scope and variety
of activities outside
poor law rapidly
increased.
However, gaps and
anomalies were
there at the
beginning of WW2.
Every scheme was
administered by
different authority.
All workers were
not covered.
Only one scheme
was for a worker.
No protection for
dependents of large
family.

15. THE BEVERIDGE
REPORT
• Report was named after Sir William
Beveridge.
• William Beveridge was a social
policy expert who had worked with
the Liberal Government at the start
of the 1900s, helping to develop
their social policies and reforms.
• The Committee's Report on Social
Insurance and Allied Services was
published in December 1942. It is
known as the Beveridge Report.

16. RECOMMENDATIONS OF REPORT
•Comprehensive – cover all problems relating to
poverty, from birth to death
•Universal – available to all
•Contributory – paid into from wages
•Non-means tested – available to all, even if
unable to pay
•Compulsory – all workers were to contribute

17. IMPLEMENTATION
Family allowance
scheme was
introduced.
1946
National health service
was created.
1948
National insurance and
industrial injuries acts.
1948
Ministry of National
insurance was setup.
1949

18. PRESENT
SOCIAL
SERVICES
1. Family Allowances
• The family allowances act 1945 in Great
Britain.
• Paid according to children born after first.
• Paid out of taxation for benefiting whole
family.
2. National Insurance
• The national insurance act 1948.
• Amended several times 1952, 56, 59.
• Insured population divided into three
classes employed, Self-employed and
non-employed.

19. 3. National Assistance
• National assistance act
1948.
• Kind of safety for those
who are not covered by
other social security
schemes.
• Receives a weekly
allowance on personal
basis.
4. National Health
Service
• The national health
service act 1948.
• Medical facility to all
citizens.

20. DEVELOPMENT OF
SOCIAL WELFARE
IN PAKISTAN

21. BASIS OF
SOCIAL
WELFARE
IN
PAKISTAN
• Help less-fortunate is privilege and serving God
Himself.
• Our culture is predominated by humanitarian
philosophy.
• Political dependency and economic backwardness
remained obstacles for development of social work on
institutional basis.
• Major focus was physically and socially handicapped,
women and children, and the vulnerable sections of
rural and urban areas.

22. INITIAL
MANDATE
Sought help
from UN.
Mission arrived
in 1951
Initial stage the
government
responsibilities
were:
Social work
trainings.
Encourage
volunteer agencies
and sponsoring
them and rural
community
development
projects.

23. TIMELINE
National
planning
commission
(1953)
National
Council of
Social Welfare
(1956)
Provincial
Social Welfare
Council.
Central
Directorate of
social welfare
(1962).
Provincial
Directorates of
social welfare
(1970).

24. FUNCTIONS OF
DIRECTORATE
OF SW PUNJAB
According to Rules of Business 2011,
Social Welfare and Bait-ul-Maal
Department perform following functions:
• Registration, technical assistance and
monitoring of social welfare agencies
• Social protection including institutional care,
skill development and rehabilitation
• Registration, assessment, training, employment,
and rehabilitation of disabled persons
• Eradication of social evils
• Coordination with and grant-in-aid to non-
governmental organizations engaged in the field
of narcotics control and rehabilitation of drug
addicts
• Relief during calamities and emergencies
• Financial assistance to poor and needy through
Punjab Bait-ul-Maal