A brief outline of Political Parties Conditions to be fulfilled to be a party Its + and - points and Function Merits and demerits of the each type

1. POLITICAL PARTIES
•Definition
•Ingredients essential for organization of political
parties
•Functions of political parties
•Merits and Demerits of political parties
•One Party System- Merits and Demerits
•Bi-Party System – Merits and Demerits
•Multi Party System – Merits and Demerits

2. Definition
1. “A body of men united for promoting by their joint endeavours the
national interest upon some political principle in which they are
agreed.” – Burke
2. “An organized group of citizens who profess to share the same political
views and who by acting as a political unit try to control the
government. The chief aim of a party is to make its own opinions and
policies prevail”. – Dr.Gilchrist
Ingredients essential for the organization of a political party –
1. Members should have common agreement on certain principles.
2. Party must be well organized.
3. Party should use constitutional methods to achieve its goals.
4. Must aim at capturing political power in state for implementing its
policies and programmes.
5. Party should advocate national interest as against sectional or regional
interest.

3. Functions Of Political Parties
1. Formulation of public policy in the form of a bill (by ruling party).
2. Imparting political education by their discussions on various economic,
social, and political problems of the country.
3. Winning party forms the government and thus runs the administration.
4. Opposition Parties play the role of watch-dog of government and
criticise its undemocratic and unpopular policies and actions.
5. Parties function as channels of communication between the people and
the government by informing the latter about expectations and
reactions of people and keeping people informed about programmes
and activities of govt.
6. Parties also play role in working of parliamentary government with
winning party forming the government and opposition party keeping a
check on it by exposing its loopholes and weaknesses.
7. They make the working of presidential government smooth if president
and congress(USA) belong to same political party otherwise they’ll be
indulged in mutual conflicts and confrontations.
8. Parties make the issues clear before the people by putting them forward
in an organized and effective way.

4. Merits of Political Parties
Soul of the
Democracy
Compatibility with
human nature
Avoids Revolution
Harmony between
the executive and
the legislature
Improved
Legislation
Makes limited
Government
Possible
Elections are made
Easy
Educational Value
Avoids the risk of
Direct Legislation

5. Demerits of political parties
Divisive role and
neglect of
National Interest
Not in accordance
with the Human
Nature
Militates Against
Talents and Spoils
system is emerged
Degeneration of
Party Rule into
rule of party
manipulators
Promotes
Narrowness by
blind following of
an Ideology
Against Individual
Initiative
Instability Of
Government
Promotes
Disinformation
and miseducation
Unsuitable for
Emergencies

6. One Party System
 This system prevails in the communist and autocratic states.
 It was earlier prevalent in former Soviet Union, former
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and many other East European
countries.
 In this system one party is proclaimed as the leading core of all
the organizations and all the other political parties are abolished
on some pretext or the other.
 For instance in People’s Republic of China , Communist party is
considered as the vanguard of peasants and workers and is given
top most priority in the administration of the state.
 In this system political dissent is crushed with an iron hand and
there is emphasis on strengthening the ranks of the party.

7. Merits & Demerits of one party system

8. Bi-Party System
•There are two dominant parties or political groups which represent
the opinion of the people in an organized manner.
•Considered to be the best among all the party systems prevalent in
the world.
•Helps in successful functioning of democracy.
•At present prevalent in Britain (Labour and Conservative) and in the
U.S.A(Democrats and Republicans).
•Both the government and the opposition are stable, strong and
responsible.
• It brings alternative government into immediate being.

9. Merits of BI-party system
Ensures stability of
govt and continuity
and permanence of
its policies
Successful
functioning of the
parliamentary
democracy
Adoption and
execution of
consistent and
coherent policies
Meaningful debates
and discussions on
various issues
Easy to fix
responsibility for the
failure of the
government
Pros and cons of
various issues
become clear before
the people
Government is based
upon consent and
criticism
Constant check of
opposition on the
activities of the
government
Appreciation of good
and relevant points
raised by the
opponent

10. Demerits of bi-party system
Limited choice for the
voters
Danger of splitting of
nation into two
uncompromising camps
May lead to majority despotism
and neglection of minority
interests
Executive has become
more powerful and
importance of
parliament is reduced
Resulted in Dictatorship of
cabinet

11. Multiple party system
 In this system more than two political parties are active in
the political sphere.
 Very often no single party is able to secure the required
majority to form the government and hence there are
coalition governments which do not enjoy political stability.
 In this system parties follow all sorts of policies for the only
purpose of remaining in power.
 India is the best example for multiple party system where
there have been mushroom growth of political parties in
recent past thus causing political instability in the states as
well as in the centre.

12. Merits & Demerits of Multiple party
system

13. Thank You
Presented By-
Rima Doot