REGION XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) Philippine Literature LITERARY WORKS ULAHINGAN, INDARAPATRA AT SULAYMAN, MONKI, MAKIL & THE MONKEYS, LAMGE AUTHOR/S JAIME AN LIM (1946-present)

1. REGION
XIIS O C C S K S A R G E N

2. SOCCSKSARGEN is a region of the
Philippines, located in Central Mindanao,
and is officially designated as Region XII.
It is an acronym that stands for the region’s
four provinces and one of its cities: South
Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat,
Sarangani and General Santos City.
SOCCSKSARGENB R I E F I N F O R M A T I O N

3. LITERARY WORKS
U L A H I N G A N , I N D A R A P A T R A A T S U L A Y M A N ,
M O N K I , M A K I L & T H E M O N K E Y S , L A M G E

4. ULAHINGAN is the epic of Livunganen-
Arumanen Manobos residing in the
Libungan river valley in Cotabato del Norte
in Mindanao.
It is closely related to the epic of Agyo of the
Ilianon, because the two tribes used to form
one group.
ULAHINGANB R I E F I N F O R M A T I O N

5. Agyu and his relatives are the characters in
Ulahingan. A conflict develops between the
m
and their rulers, usually Muslims, because o
f a forced tribute and the killing of the ruler.
They
flee, guided by a diwata or spirit, who promi
ULAHINGANS U M M A R Y

6. They leave behind Mungan, the wife of Banl
ak who is Agyu’s brother, because
she has leprosy.
Mungan, however, is the first among them to
become immortal.
It is she who tells Agyu
and the clan to go to
Aruman to await the sarimbar/salsimbar (ma

7. When the appointed day comes, Agyu and hi
s
relatives ascend to heaven. A diwata shower
s
them with the oil of immortality and gives the
m the betel nut of immortality to chew.
He blesses them, but tells them that the
Midlimbag, the Highest God, sends them to
live in Nalandangan, an earthly paradise,

8. However, Baybayan, Agyu’s son, does not j
oin them
in Nalandangan. Three incidents in the
past explain his exclusion. He did partake of
a
boar which Agyu and his men had killed with
the
help of a meresen etew, a heavenly messen

9. Consequently, he is tasked to go around the
world seven times to gather converts before
he can enter paradise. A similar incident
happened in
Kituyed, where Baybayan was absent in the
distribution of a dead fish. Agyu again decree
s that Baybayan should circle the world and
win

10. Before Baybayan can start on his journey,
however, Agyu’s grandfather tells him to
dance the sa‐ut, a circular war dance.
Instead of circling three times as dictated by
tradition, Baybayan circles seven times. The
grandfather then declares that Baybayan
must circle the world seven times.

11. In his wanderings, Baybayan encounters ma
ny adventures, converting many people,
including Chinese and Muslims. He and his
followers would
stop journeying every seven days. In one
episode, his followers run out of food and dri
nk.
They stop by a tree laden with fruit.

12. Baybayan performs the first ulahing, and the
fruit falls from the tree and turns into linepet,
leaf wrappings of rice. A bowl of viand
appears
beside each linepet. Baybayan and his follow
ers
feast on food, which do not run out. After mor
e wanderings, they are finally lifted to heaven
in

13. Midlimbag gives them powers of a
different nature than those he has given
Agyu, and provides them with another
paradise to stay in.
He exhorts Baybayan to inspire mortals to
perform the ulahing so that they may not
forget Agyu.

14. A long, long time ago, Mindanao was
covered with water, and the sea cover all
the lowlands so that nothing could be seen
but the mountains jutting from it. There were
many people living in the country and all the
highlands were dotted with villages and
settlements.
INDARAPATRAAT SULAYMAN
A N E X C E R P T F R O M T H E E P I C

15. For many years the people prospered,
living in peace and contentment. Suddenly
there appeared in the land four horrible
monsters which, in short time has
devoured every human being they could
find.

16. Kurita, a terrible creature with many limbs,
lived partly on the land and partly on sea,
but its favorite haunt was the mountain
where the rattan palm grew; and here it
brought utter destruction on every living
thing.

17. The second monster, Tarabusaw, an ugly
creature in the form of a man, lived on Mt.
Matutum, and far and wide from that place
he devoured the people, laying waste the
land. The third, an enormous bird called
Pah, was so large that, when on the wing,
it covered the sun and brought darkness
to the earth. Its egg was as large as a
house.

18. Mt. Bita was its haunt; and there the only
people who escaped its voracity were
those who hid in the mountain caves. The
fourth monster was also a dreadful bird,
having seven heads and the power to see
in all directions at the same time.

19. Mt. Gurayan was its home and like the
others, it wrought havoc to its region.
So great was the death and destruction
caused by these terrible creatures that at
length, the news spread even to the most
distant lands - and all nations grieved to
hear the sad fate of Mindanao.

20. Now far across the sea, in the land of the
golden sunset, was a city so great that to
look at its many people would injure the
eyes of men. When tidings of these great
disasters reached this distant city, the
heart of King Indarapatra was filled with
compassion, and he called his brother,
Sulayman, and begged him to save the
land of Mindanao from the monsters.

21. Sulayman listened to the story and as
heard it, was moved with pity. "I will go",
zeal and enthusiasm adding to his
strength, "and the land shall be avenged,"
said he.
King Indarapatra, proud of his brother's
courage, gave him a ring and a sword as
he wished him success and safety.

22. Then he placed a young sapling by his
window and said to Sulayman: "By this
tree I shall know your fate from the time
you depart from here, for if you live, it will
live; but if you die, it will die also.“So
Sulayman departed for Mindanao, and he
neither walked nor used a
boat, but he went through the air and
landed on the mountain where the rattan

23. There he stood on the summit and gazed
about on all sides. He looked on the land
and the villages, but he could see no living
thing. And he was very sorrowful and cried
out: "Alas, how pitiful and dreadful is this
devastation!“
No sooner had Sulayman uttered these
words than the whole mountain began to
move, and then shook.

24. Suddenly out of the ground came the
horrible creature, Kurita. It sprang at the
man and sank its claws into his flesh. But
Sulayman, knowing at once that this was
the
scourge of the land, drew his sword and
cut the Kurita to pieces.
Encouraged by his first success, Sulayman
went on to Mt. Matutun

25. As he stood on the heights viewing the
great devastation there was a noise in the
forest and a movement in the trees.
With a loud yell, forth leaped Tarabusaw.
For a moment, they looked at each other,
neither showing any fear.

26. Then Tarabusaw threatened to devour the
man, and Sulayman declared that he
would kill the monster. At that the animal
broke large branches off the trees and
began striking at Sulayman who, in turn,
fought back.
For a long time the battle continued until at
last the monster fell exhausted to the
ground and then Sulayman killed him with

27. The next place visited by Sulayman was
Mt. Bita. Here havoc was present
everywhere, and though he passed by
many homes, not a single soul was left. As
he walked along, growing sadder at each
moment, a sudden
darkness which startled him fell over the
land.

28. As he looked toward the sky he beheld a
great bird descending upon him.
Immediately he struck at it, cutting off its
wing with his sword, and the bird fell dead
at his feet; but the wing fell on Sulayman,
and he was crushed.

29. Now at this very time King Indarapatra
was sitting at his window, and looking out
he saw the little tree wither and dry up.
"Alas!" he cried, "my brother is dead"; and
he wept bitterly.
Then although he was very sad, he was
filled with a desire for revenge, and putting
on his sword and belt he started for
Mindanao in search of his brother.

30. He, too, traveled through the air with great
speed until he came to the mountain
where the rattan grew. There he looked
about, awed at the great destruction, and
when he saw the bones of Kurita he knew
that his brother had been there and
gone. He went on till he came to Matutun,
and when he saw the bones of Tarabusaw
he knew that this, too, was the work of

31. Still searching for his brother, he arrived at
Mt. Bita where the dead bird lay on the
ground, and as he lifted the severed wing
he beheld the bones of Sulayman with his
sword by his side.
His grief now so overwhelmed Indarapatra
that he wept for some time. Upon looking
up he beheld a small jar of water by his
side.

32. This he knew had been sent from heaven,
and he poured the water over the bones,
and Sulayman came to life again. They
greeted each other and talked long
together. Sulayman declared that he had
not been dead but asleep, and their hearts
were full of joy.

33. After some time Sulayman returned to his
distant home, but Indarapatra continued
his journey to Mt. Gurayn where he killed
the dreadful bird with the seven heads.
After these monsters had all been
destroyed
and peace and safety had been restored
to the land, Indarapatra began searching
everywhere to see if some of the people

34. One day during his search he caught sight
of a beautiful woman at a distance. When
he hastened toward her she disappeared
through a hole in the ground where she
was standing. Disappointed and tired, he
sat down on a rock to rest, when, looking
about, he saw near him a pot of uncooked
rice with a big fire on the ground in front of
it.

35. This revived him and he proceeded to
cook the rice. As he did so, however, he
heard someone laugh near by, and turning
he beheld an old woman watching him. As
he greeted her, she drew near and talked
with him while he ate the rice.

36. Of all the people in the land, the old
woman told him, only a very few were still
alive, and they hid in a cave in the ground
from whence
they never ventured.
As for herself and her old husband, she
went on, they had hidden in a hollow tree,
and this they had never dared leave until
after Sulayman killed the voracious bird,

37. At Indarapatra's earnest request, the old
woman led him to the cave where he
found the headman with his family and
some of his people. They all gathered
about the stranger, asking many
questions, for this was the first they had
heard about the death of the monsters.

38. When they found what Indarapatra had
done for them, they were filled with
gratitude, and to show their appreciation
the headman gave his daughter to him in
marriage, and she proved to be the
beautiful girl whom Indarapatra had seen
at the mouth of the cave.

39. Then the people all came out of their
hiding-place and returned to their homes
where they lived in peace and happiness.
And the sea
withdrew from the land and gave the
lowlands to the people.

40. There once lived in the sultanate of
Agamaniyog a couple named Monki and
Makil. Their house was built near the
forest. Monki and Makil were hard
workers. They planted rice, mango,
lanzones, guava, sugarcane, and many
kinds of fruits and vegetables.
MONKI, MAKIL & THE MONKEYS
S U M M A R Y

41. Whenever the fruits and rice were ripe
and the sugarcane had grown tall, a large
number of monkeys would come. They
would eat all the rice, sugarcane, and
fruits, and destroy the remaining plants.

42. One of the monkeys' leaders was
Amomantaragaga. He was a very big
monkey, and Makil feared him. The
monkeys became a problem of Monki and
Makil as well as of the people of
Agamaniyog.

43. One day Monki and Makil carried out a
plan. Makil let his wife place a piece of
white cloth over his body, cry a
kandidiagao (a cry of grief), and say, "Why
did Makil die? He was very good to all the
people! He planted sweet fruits and plenty
of sugarcane."

44. When the monkeys heard Monki's cry,
they decided to help her. The leader of
the monkeys said, "We shall help Monki,
because it is really true that Makil was a
good man. He always planted fruits for
us." So all the monkeys went to the house
of Monki. The leader of the monkeys
asked her, "What can we do? Can we help
you? Please tell us how we can help you!"

45. Monki replied, "Oh, my friends, Makil will
not die if you help him sit up."
So they helped Makil sit up. The leader
asked, "Can you tell us what else we can
do to help you?“
"Oh, my friend monkeys, you are very
good to me!" continued Monki. "Makil will
not die if you help him stand up." So they
helped him stand up.

46. "What else can we do, Monki?" asked the
leader of the monkeys.
"Oh, my friend monkeys, if you give this
kampilan (long combat sword) to Makil, I
promise you that we shall plant more
sugarcane just for you," said Monki.

47. When Amomantaragaga saw the
kampilan he became wary and went out of
the house. As soon as Makil received the
kampilan, Monki closed the door and Makil
killed all the monkeys in the house. Only
Amomantaragaga escaped.

48. One day Makil and Monki had another
good idea. They made a litag (bamboo
trap) in order to catch
Amomantaragaga. Early in the morning,
they went out to see if the trap had caught
the monkey. In fact it had caught an
animal, but it did not look like a
monkey. They were annoyed when they
came near and found out that the animal

49. "Why are you here, Tatalaonga?" asked
Makil. "I'll kill you because you are the
reason why I did not catch
Amomantaragaga."
"Oh, datu, please don't kill me," pleaded
the heron. "If you set me free, I'll go and
kill Amomantaragaga myself!"

50. So Makil set the heron free. Tatalaonga
asked Makil to make a raft from pieces of
sugarcane. When the raft was finished,
Makil brought it to the river, and
Tatalaonga perched on it. Drifting along,
Tatalaonga passed Amomantaragaga by
the banks of the river and invited the
monkey to go rafting with him. The two
continued down the river on the raft.

51. Tatalaonga took a piece of sugarcane to
use as a pole to move the raft, and then
he took another one and gave it to
Amomantaragaga, who greedily ate the
pole. The monkey ate one cane after
another, until only one piece was left.

52. At that instance, Tatalaonga flew away
and left Amomantaragaga to drown in the
river.
Monki and Makil and the sultan of
Agamaniyog and his people were happy to
be rid of the pestering monkeys.

53. Lamge ha, lamba wadu,
Wonde, gende wukelo genha
Fambo ha wakela tun ha
Wadu wadene mande mande
Wagene han akeba han ha
LAMGEA P O E M

54. Hubalyo han ha wadene
Mande hononka yon ha
Nangat hu kong dende wukilak gengen ha
Wanulu ha aladjuaman ha
Agumupgon indi undigo han along a fon
ha hay ha!

55. What can we do? Oh. What can we do?
This is our work, this we should do.
Oh my, oh how is this to go on?
Continue, then come back when
you reach the top
“Tis not there! ‘Tis not here!”, they said.

56. We’ll try till we can make it.
It’s not here, according to them,
but don’t relax.
Don’t be surprised. They’re still far.
Let’s hurry!

57. AUTHOR/S
J A I M E A N L I M ( 1 9 4 6 - p r e s e n t )

58. Jaime L. An Lim was born in
Cagayan de Oro City in 1946.
He received his AB English,
cum laude, from Mindanao
State University.
JAIME AN LIM( 1 9 4 6 – P R E S E N T )

59. He holds five graduate degrees, including
an MA in English and Creative Writing
from Silliman University, an Ed.S. in
Instructional Systems Technology, and a
Ph.D. in Comparative Literature, both from
Indiana University, Bloomington.

60. In 1999, he was a fellow to the 25th British
Council Seminar on the British Writer at
Downing College, Cambridge. For a
number of years, he taught in the United
States and worked as a TESL consultant
at the University of North Sumatra,
Indonesia.

61. He recently retired as a professor of
English from MSU-Iligan Institute of
Technology where he organized the
Mindanao Creative Writers Group, Inc.,
and founded the Iligan National Writers
Workshop. He is presently the Dean of the
Institute of Arts and Sciences of Far
Eastern University, Manila.

62. LIST OF AWARDS:
• Honorable Mention for fiction from Focus
(1973)
• Third Prize for poetry from Philippines
Free Press (1995)
• Third Prize for poetry from Home Life
(1995)
• Second Prize for fiction from Panorama
(1995),

63. LIST OF AWARDS:
• Several Don Carlos Palanca Memorial
Awards for fiction in English (1973, 1993)
Don Carlos essay (1989), short story for
children (1990, 1993), and poetry (1990).
• Second Prize in the Asian Student essay
contest (1978),
• Academy of American Poets Prize
(1981),

64. LIST OF AWARDS:
• Tutungi Prize (1983)
• Ellis Literary Award (1984)
• 2000 Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni
Balagtas by the Unyon ng mga
Manunulat sa Pilipinas (UMPIL)
• 2003 Outstanding Teacher Award

65. THE
ENDT H A N K S F O R L I S T E N I N G !