Desenvolvimentos Recentes em Surfactantes Catiônicos para Fabric Care e Car Care – Andras Nagy – Evonik

Recent Developments in
Cationic Surfactants for
Fabric & Car Care
Andras Nagy, Ph.D.
Applied Technology Manager
Household Care/CS NA

Agenda
Traditional and Unique Applications: Substantivity
Antibacterial agents/Corrosion inhibitors/Asphalt emulsion/Ore flotation
Fabric softeners
Vehicle drying agents
Emulsifiers/surfactants: cleaning/drying aids/protectants
Anionic Scavengers – Softergents: car care - fabric care
Silicone Quats: special organomodified silicones
Latest Developments: Smart molecules
Low temperature dispersible fabric softener quat
Readily biodegradable emulsifier for vehicle rinse aids
Consumer Specialties | Business Line Household Care Page | 2

What Is a Cationic Surfactant (Quat)
Quats are positively charged ions, R being alkyl or aryl
group(s)
Permanently charged, independent of the pH of their
solution.
Cationic surfactants are salts of quaternary ammonium
cations with an anion.
Made by alkylation of tertiary amines
Have hydrophobic tail(s), polar head(s) with positive
charge(s) and counter-anion(s) with negative charge(s)
X-
-
+
-

An Important Property
Substantivity
An attractive force is required to deposit caring
agents from dilute formulations to the target
surface
Most surfaces are negatively charged mainly due
to oxidation
The Coulomb attraction between cationic
surfactants and surfaces can be used as a
deposition mechanism
- - - - - - - -

Traditional and Unique Applications
Antimicrobial Quats:
Disruption of intermolecular interactions (bacteriostatic, fungistatic, algistatic,
antiviral activity)
Corrosion Inhibitors:
Substantivity of the cationics will create protective coatings
Ore Flotation:
Quats will form monomolecular films on negative particles. Air bubbles will
float the hydrophobic components
Asphalt Emulsions:
Cationic emulsions will coat inorganic particles and metal surfaces even in
wet conditions (highway construction, vehicle undercoating)
Miscellaneous Applications:
Cosmetics, Hair conditioners, Pigment dispersants, etc.

Page | 6
Fabric Softening
1. Overview
2. Rinse Cycle Products
3. Dryer Cycle Products
Consumer Specialties | Business Line Household Care

Fabric Softeners Overview
Phase Behaviour of Quats
Double-chain cationic surfactants
form vesicles
from: J.N. Israelachvilli et al., J. Chem. Soc.,
Faraday Trans. II, 72 (1976) 1525-1568
+

Page | 8
Fabric Softening
1. Overview

How Are Fabric Softeners Made?
Rinse Cycle Fabric Softeners:
1. Quats are heated and homogenized
-
-
“heat” quat to T °C
T °C
Homogenize

2. Dispersed into warm water
T °C
Disperse quat
into water at T °C; mix

3. Cooled down while being mixed
t °C
Cool to t °C; mix

How Do Fabric Softeners Work?
3. Cooled down while mixed
4. Fragrances and other additives are added
Add dye, fragrance, etc.;
mix thoroughly

5. These liquid softeners are added during the rinse
cycle in the washing machine

5. These liquid softeners are
added during the rinse cycle in the washing machine
6. The positively charged molecules are attached to the
negative fibers to make them soft, and antistatic

Page | 15
Fabric Softening
1. Overview

Dryer Cycle Fabric Softeners:
1. Quats and other ingredients are heated and
homogenized
-
-
“Melt” ingredients
at T °C
T °C
Homogenize

2. Poured on a hot plate (lab process)
3. Nonwoven substrate is put on the plate
4. Quat is spead evenly with a roller

2. Poured on a hot plate (lab process)
5. Coated substrate is lifted to solidify
6. Dryer sheet quat is ready for use

• Industrial process
Supply Roll
Doctor Blade
Squeeze
Roll
Heating
Cans
Cooling
Cans
Cutting Blade
Heated Dip Tank Take-up Roll

2. Poured on a hot plate,
5. Coated substrate is lifted to solidify
6. Dryer sheet quat is ready for use
7. The positively charged molecules are attached to the negative
fibers to make them soft, and antistatic

Page | 21
Fabric Softener Actives
1. Chemistry, Biodegradability
2. Chemistry, Performance
3. Physical State
4. Improvement: Room Temperature Dispersible Quat

Evonik – The Global Leader in
Full Range of Softener Chemistry
Dialkyl cationic surfactants
Nitrile (ADOGEN® 442)
Amidoamine (VARISOFT® 222)
Imidazolinium (VARISOFT® 475)
Ester Quat (REWOQUAT® WE 45)
Monoalkyl Quats
Anionic scavengers
Softening boosters
ADOGEN® 471
Organomodifed Silicones (II)
Fabric care benefits
Easy ironing
Reduced wrinkling
Faster drying
REWOQUAT® SQ 1
2-in-1 Softener
Additives
ADOGEN® 477 D

Biodegradability
Ester bonds as potential “breaking points”:
O O
-
CH3
O O
N
CH3
O
Consumer Specialties |P Baguesi n| e2s3s Line Household Care
O
R
O
R
CH3
X
N
X
OH
O
R
O
R
R O
R'
Smaller molecules are more easily
accessible by microorganisms
Fatty acids are readily biodegradable
The other molecular fragments are also
completely biodegradable*
* Puchta et al: Tenside Surf. Det. 30 (1993) 3

Environmental Impact of
Quaternaries
Dialkyl-dimethyl and Ester Quaternaries
Biodegradation of Quaternaries
%-Degradation
100
10
1
0.1
EC50 [mg/l]
100
80
60
40
20
0
Dialkyl-dimethyl Ester
OECD 301 E (5 d) OECD 301 C (30 d)
Aquatic toxicity of Quaternaries
0.01
Dialkyl-dimethyl Ester
OECD 201 (Algae) OECD 202 (Daphnia) OECD 203 (Fish)
Ester quaternaries yielded significantly better data than the standard dialkyl-dimethyl
quaternaries

Page | 25
3. Physical State

Nitrile Quats
• Premium softening and anti-stat properties
• Yellowing with age, limited biodegradability and rewet
Key Product Offerings
ADOGEN® 442 75% Tallow based
AROSURF® TA 100 Powder, for warm water wash

Amidoamines
• Wide range of formulations: (up to 25% active)
• Versatile: household, industrial institutional, textile
• Good softening and rewet
VARISOFT® 222 LM 90% Cold water processable

Imidazoline Quats
• Excellent antistatic benefits with good softening
• Good for clear fabric softener formulation.
Imidazolinium
VARISOFT® 475 75% Paste, tallow
VARISOFT® 3690 Liquid, oleyl
VARISOFT® 3696 Liquid, 100% active, ethyl sulfate

Ester Quats
• Readily biodegradable (best in class)
• Wide range of formulations: (up to 25% active)
• Good fragrance impact
REWOQUAT® WE 16 E Tallow based w/ ethanol
REWOQUAT® WE 18 E US High viscosity version w/ ethanol
REWOQUAT® WE 28 E US Vegetable based w/ ethanol
REWOQUAT® WE 45 Clear, liquid, easy to handle

Rinse Cycle Quat Characteristics
Product
ADOGEN®
442
VARISOFT®
475
VARISOFT®
222
REWOQUAT®
WE 28 E
Type Nitrile Imidazolinium Amidoamine TEA Ester Quat
Softening
Fragrance Impact
Static Control
Range of Formulation
Biodegradation
**** = most favorable

Page | 31
3. Physical State

O O
N
OH
O
R
O
R
CH3OSO3
Ester Quat
CH3OSO3
N
HN
HN
O
R
O
R
((CH2)2O)nH
Amidoamine
N N
CH3OSO3 NH
R
R
O
Imidazolinium
Nitrile R N R Cl
Page | 32

TEA Ester Quats
Biodegradable
Globally accepted
Regional CAS numbers
Descriptor matches fatty acid
Complex mixture
Mono, di, tri ester quats
Esteramines
Typical concentration of 90%
Paste or solid at 25 °C
O O
N
OH
O
R
O
R
CH3OSO3
Ester Quat
CH3OSO3
N
HN
HN
O
R
O
R
((CH2)2O)nH
Amidoamine
N N
CH3OSO3 NH
R
R
O
Imidazolinium
Nitrile R N R Cl
Page | 33

Consumption of Surfactants for
Fabric Softeners by Region
+3.8%
+5.7%
Global Demand (t)
328,000 (2009)
361,000 (2014)
+2.5% -0.1%
XX% CAGR 2009 – 2014
*CAGR 2011 – 2016
+6.0%*
Sources: SRI Consulting, Coimbra Consultoria
Representações Comerciais Ltda

Current Technology
Paste or solid products require
continuous heating which impacts
Storage time
Transportation
Color and odor
Solvent level
Page | 35

Storage time
Transportation
Color and odor
Solvent level
Fabric Softener Formulations
Paste or solid products impact
Processing and handling conditions
Energy use
Cycle time
Page | 36
Current Technology

Page | 37
3. Physical State

Our Goal
A new product that meets multiple
requirements for processing and use
Easy-to-handle and transport
Room temperature processing
Biodegradable
Globally accepted
Wide range of stable formulations
Competitive softening performance
Storage time
Transportation
Color and odor
Solvent level
Fabric Softener Formulations
Paste or solid products impact
Processing and handling conditions
Energy use
Cycle time
Page | 38
Proposed Technology

Fabric Softener Active
Attempts to make a liquid product
Additives (solubilizers emulsifiers)
Additional solvent
Highly unsaturated fatty acid raw materials
Partially hydrogenated fatty acids
Fatty Acid Blends
None of these reached the goal!
Page | 39

Making a Liquid Active at RT
with Appropriate Synthesis Conditions
Clear, liquid, easy-to-process
TEA ester quat
Liquid at room temperature
Ethanol solvent
Freeze/thaw stable
Dispersible at room temperature
No heating (or cooling) required
As low as 18 °C
Robust formulation range
Formulates from 5% to 20% actives
Base formulas are stable
Softening equal to competitive
products
Page | 40

REWOQUAT® WE 45*
Physical/Chemical Property Comparison
Improved Ester
Quat*
Amidoamine Quat
Traditional Ester
Quat
Appearance @ 25 °C
(77 °F) Clear Liquid Opaque Liquid / Paste Solid
Quaternary 84-88% 89-91% 89-91%
Flash Point 24 °C (76 °F) 24 °C (76 °F) 24 °C (76 °F)

REWOQUAT® WE 45*
Physical/Chemical Property Comparison
Improved Ester
Quat*
Amidoamine Quat
Traditional Ester
Quat
Appearance @ 25 °C
(77 °F) Clear Liquid Opaque Liquid / Paste Solid
Quaternary 84-88% 89-91% 89-91%
Flash Point 24 °C (76 °F) 24 °C (76 °F) 24 °C (76 °F)
Storage Temperature 20 °C (68 °F) 38 °C (104 °F) 45 °C (113 °F)
Pumping Temperature 25 °C (77 °F) minimum
45 °C (113 °F)
minimum
55 °C (131 °F) minimum

Fabric Softeners
Using a Low Temperature Dispersible Quat
-
-
“heat” quat to T °C
T °C
Homogenize

Fabric Softeners
T °C
Disperse quat
into water at T °C; mix

Fabric Softeners
t °C
Cool to t °C; mix

Fabric Softeners
Add dye, fragrance, etc.;
mix thoroughly

Fabric Softener Dispersion
Lab Batch Process – Timeline
Traditional Ester Quat
Heat Water and Quat
EVONIK TEA Ester Quat
Cool
Quat Salt Fragrance
Preservative
Quat Salt Fragrance
Preservative
Time
(min)
20 40 60 80 100
Time
(min)
20 40 60 80 100
Page | 47

Softness Evaluation
Panel Testing PHABROMETER® - Nu Cybertek, Inc.
Page | 48

Fabric Softening Performance Comparison - Panel
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Control EVONIK Brand A
Softness Score
Softening Performance – Panel Test
Methodology – Panel Test and
Statistics
Fabric samples prepared according
to ASTM Method D 5237
Statistical differences reported at
95% confidence level (Friedman
Simple Rank)
Brand A is based on TEA Ester
Quat technology
Softer
EVONIK TEA Ester Quat and Brand A are statistically equal
Page | 49

PHABROMETER® - Force vs. Displacement
Extraction Curve(s) for Class: Unknown
Evaluation Type: Hand
Density Type: Heavy Fabric (H) 3440 μg/cm
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
45
49
53
Control REWOQUAT® WE 45 Brand A
57
61
65
69
73
77
81
85
89
93
97
101
105
Force
Displacement

Fabric Softening Performance Comparison - PHABROMETER
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
Control Brand A EVONIK
Softness Score
Softening Performance – PHABROMETER®
PHABROMETER® – Nu
Cybertek, Inc.
Quantitative fabric softness
comparison
Fabric samples prepared
according to ASTM Method D
5237
Average of five replicates per
sample
Statistical differences reported at
95% confidence level
Brand A is based on TEA Ester
Quat technology
Softer
EVONIK TEA Ester Quat and Brand A are statistically equal
Page | 51

REWOQUAT® WE 45
Summary
REWOQUAT® WE 45 offers
Potential cost savings for
Storage and handling
Processing
Energy use cycle time
Formulation flexibility and performance
Ability to produce both non-concentrated and ultra formulas
Stable formulations from 5% to 20%
Softening and anti-stat equal to other ester quats
Patent pending technology

Dryer Sheet Quats
Chemistry, Improved Biodegradability
Performance Test

VARISOFT® Dryer Sheet Quats
Active Type Dryer Cycle Product
Actives
(%)
Anti-
Static
Biodegradability1
Storage
Temperature
(° F)
TEA Ester
Quats
VARISOFT® DS 355 65 ****
Readily
(OECD 301)
155-165
VARISOFT® DS 362 65 ****
Readily
(OECD 301)
160-170
Dialkyldimethyl
VARISOFT® DS 136-100 70 *** Inherently 150-170
VARISOFT® DS 150 50 *** Inherently 135-150
Amidoamine VARISOFT® DS 110 70 **** Inherently 155-165

Antistatic Testing Equipment (ASTM D 5237)
Static Decay Meter
Humidity Chamber

Antistatic Test Results
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
National Brand VARISOFT® DS 355 VARISOFT® DS 362
Static Decay Time (s)
Antistatic tests performed on polyester fabrics (ASTM Method D 5237)
Shorter decay times indicate better performance
Control samples exceeded 300 seconds (not shown on graph)
Product coating weights were 1.4 grams

Ethoxylated Quats
1. Antistatic Sprays
2. Cleaner blends

Ethoxylated Quats
Antistatic Sprays
Product
Actives
(%)
R
(C2H5O)xH N+ (C2H5O)yH
R’
x+y R R’ Counter Ion
Adogen 66 100 15 CH2CH3 Tallow Ethyl Sulfate
Variquat
K 1215
100 15 CH3 Coco Methyl Chloride
Rewoquat
CPEM
100 5 CH3 Coco Methyl Sulfate
Variquat
638
100 2 CH3 Coco Methyl Chloride

Antistatic Spray Performance:
Ethoxylated Quats Work Well
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
Static Guard Varisoft 137 90 Varisoft 222 LM
Static Guard Varisoft 137 90 Varisoft 222 LM
90
90
WE 45 Rewoquat
WE 45 Rewoquat
CPEM
CPEM
Adogen 66
Adogen 66

Ethoxylated Quats
1. Antistatic Sprays
2. Cleaner blends

Car Care Basics and Challenges
-
Drying
Rinsing
Cleaning
Hannah Carwash System

Cleaning
-
Major Factors of Cleaning
1. Mechanical energy
Most carwashes do not use brushes anymore to protect the car
finish
“Touchless” systems are getting more popular
2. Time
Longer reaction time: better cleaning, but higher chance of
damaging the car finish
Longer time → less capacity → time is money
3. Temperature
Higher temperature: better cleaning, but higher chance of
damaging the car finish, higher energy cost
4. Chemistry
Most important factor
Should be highly efficient, safe, economical
Environmental friendly: minimum waste (water/chemical)

Car Wash: Step I
1. Removal of contaminants by using surfactants:
Water
Oil
Paint

REWOQUAT® CQ 100 G
Multipurpose Surfactant Blend
Composition
Specialty blend of cationic and nonionic surfactants
Performance
Excellent degreasing and soap scum removal
Good emulsification, anti-redeposition
Provides antistatic property
Easy rinsing, quick drying
Imparts gloss
Ease of Formulation
Good surfactant compatibility (even with anionics)
100% active liquid, easy to process
No solvent or hydrotrope needed
Moderate foaming
High/low pH, temp., hard/soft water

REWOQUAT® CQ 100 G
Hard Surface Cleaning Results
Improved Detergency Degreasing
Kitchen soil Soap scum Engine soil
Rating
“2”
National Brand
All Purpose
Cleaner
10.9 % active
Rating
“8”
CQ 100 G based
All Purpose
Cleaner
2.0 % active
Rating
“3”
National Brand
Tub Tile Cleaner
3.5 % active
Rating
“8”
CQ 100 G based
Tub Tile
Cleaner
1.0 % active
Rating
“2”
National Brand
Traffic Film
Remover
10.9 % active
Rating
“9”
CQ 100 G based
Traffic Film
Remover
2.0 % active

Rinsing (Anionic Scavengers)
1. Car Care
2. Fabric Care

Car Wash: Step II
2. Rinsing with water:
Water film adheres to the surface upon washing and rinsing
Water
- - - - - - - -
Paint

Rinsing
-
Major Challenges
1. Anionic surfactants are efficient cleaners, but difficult to rinse
them off from surfaces.
2. Carry over anionics can react with quaternary emulsifiers –Car
care drying agents will work less efficiently
3. Insoluble soap scums ruin the final aesthetics
Step 1.
Cleaning
(Anionic)
Step 2.
Rinsing
(Water)
Step 3.
Drying -
Softening
Anionic carry over Insoluble scum

Anionic Scavengers - Softergents
Mechanism
Anionic surfactant
Anionic
surfactant
Anionic surfactant
Cationic emulsifier
Scavenger (monoquat)
Scavenger (diquat)
Inactive, insoluble
Inactive, soluble
Net positive charge
Active, soluble (cationic emulsifier)
A
B
C

Rinsing (Anionic Scavengers)
1. Car Care
2. Fabric Care

Anionic Scavengers – Softergents
Chemistry
Recommendations:
• Use level:
Depending on rinse efficiency
Use at least the same amount as the anionic carry-over concentration
• Chemistry:
Monoalkyl diquats are the most efficient
CH3 Cl
N CH3 Cl
R
CH3
N
R
CH3
CH3
Cl
N
CH3
CH3
CH3
R
(CH2-CH2-O)xH
N
CH3
2CH3OSO3
(CH2-CH2-O)yH
(CH2-CH2-O)zH
N
CH3
R = tallow, x, y, z 1

Drying, Protection
1. Theory and Practice
2. Organomodified Silicones
3. Traditional and Biodegradable Systems

Drying
-
Major Factors of Drying
1. Cleaned cars have a thin water film which sticks
strongly to the surface
2. Manual (towel) drying is very inefficient, slow and costly
3. Blow drying is inefficient due to the stubborn water film
4. Water needs to be beaded for
Easy and quick water removal
Dryer, shinier cars
Customers associate semi-wet cars with poor
cleaning: they can easily be resoiled, water droplets
leave spots after drying

Drying Agents / Rinse Aids
What are they?
They are oil in water microemulsions containing emulsifiers, hydrophobes,
solvents/coemulsifiers and water
How do they work?
They are diluted and sprayed on wet surfaces to make the surface hydrophobic
and to enhance the removal/draining of water

Drying Aids/Protectants:
Microemulsions of Cationic Emulsifiers and Oils
water film 1. Water film adheres
surface
to the surface upon
washing and rinsing
Water
- - - - - - - -
Paint
Vehicle Rinse Aids
Page | 75

water film
rinse aid
2. Sprayed -on rinse aid
penetrates through water film
and spreads over the surface
surface
1. Water film adheres to
the surface upon
washing and rinsing
Water
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
- - - - - - - -
Paint
+ +
+
+
++ +
+
+
+ +
+
Page | 76

water film
surface
hydrophobic film
water film
rinse aid
3. Rinse aid displaces
water film, deposits
hydrophobes (Sheeting)
2. Sprayed-on rinse aid
penetrates through water
film and spreads over the
surface
the surface upon
washing and rinsing
Water
+
+
+
- - - - - - - - + + + + + +
Paint
+ +
+
+
++ +
Page | 77

water film
surface
the surface upon
washing and rinsing
hydrophobic film
hydrophobic film
water film
rinse aid
water droplets
3. Rinse aid displaces
water film, deposits
hydrophobes (Sheeting)
2. Sprayed-on rinse aid
penetrates through water
film and spreads over the
surface
Water beads up, smaller
droplets combine to bigger ones
(Beading) and removed by
a blower
Water
+-+ +- +-+ +- +- + -+ +- + +-
Paint
Page | 78

Increasing the Contact Angle
Why is It Beneficial?
θ
1
A1
B1
θ
2
A2
B2
If the contact angle increases: θ
2θ
1
the face area increases: A2A1
higher droplet profile (“larger sail”), easier water removal by the blower or driving
wind
the footprint decreases: B2B1
less contact between the droplet and the surface: less sticking, easier
water removal by the blower or driving wind
Page | 79

Drying, Protection

Organomodified Silicones
Compatibility Chart
Siliconophilic
Alkylsiloxanes
Hydrophilic Lipophilic
Polyether-siloxanes
Ionic Siloxanes
Silicone Oil
Alkylpolyether-siloxanes

Page | 82
Basics of Silicone Quats
+
+ /
+ +

Silicone Quats
Strong Bond Between Surface and Molecule

Silicone Quats
Surface

Silicone Quats
Two anchor points
Silicone Backbone
Surface

Silicone Quats
Two anchor points
Silicone Backbone
Surface
TEGOPREN® 6922 (shorter silicone backbone)
TEGO® Polish Additiv Q70 (longer silicone backbone)

Silicone Quats
Miracles Can Happen…..
What a difference!!! ☺

Drying, Protection

Drying Agent / Rinse Aid Trends
HISTORICAL EVOLVING
Fast drying
Spot free
surface
Visual:
Aesthetics
Low price
Unlimited water
Environmental,
Safety concern
is low
Nitrile Quats
Mineral Seal Oil
Fast drying
Spot free surface
Visual cues
Competitive price
/ performance
Waste water
restrictions
Environmental,
Biodegradability,
Safety issues
New regulations
Ester Quats
Ester Oils
PERFORMANCE
ENVIRONMENTAL
FORMULATIONS

Biodegradable Rinse Aids
Drying and Protection of Surfaces
Goal:
Develop an emulsifier that enables the formulation of rinse aids/drying
agents to address the needs of the evolving market
Biodegradability
Environmental friendliness (low aquatic toxicity)
Formulation versatility (for both traditional and biodegradable ingredients)
Water reclaim system friendly formulations (due to droughts)
Performance: improved drying/protection for less spotting
Safety: low toxicity
Raw materials from renewable resources
Price/performance advantages

Traditional and New Emulsifiers
Dialkyl Quats:
good performance, stable products
low biodegradability
(high di-fatty-alkyl content)
Ester Quats:
TEA type:
medium performance, limited formulas
good biodegradability, low toxicity
(1:2:1 mixture of mono-, di- and tri-fatty-alkyl ratio)
MDEA type:
good performance, versatile formulas
good biodegradability, low toxicity
(enhanced di-fatty-alkyl content)
CH3
R N R
CH3
R=Fatty Alkyl
CH3
O O
N
(+ monoquat and triquat)
(R = Fatty Alkyl)
CH3
X
O
-
X
X
OH
O O
N
CH3
O
R
R
O
O
R
R
(+ monoquat)
(R = Fatty Alkyl)

Traditional and New Hydrophobes
Mineral Seal Oil:
good performance, stable products
low biodegradability
unpleasant odor (aromatics)
source dependent characteristics
Ester Oils:
Alkyl Laurate, Palmitate, Stearate, etc.
good performance, versatile formulas
good biodegradability
low toxicity
low odor
Aliphatic petroleum naphtas
(Middle distillate)
O
R O
R'
R = Fatty Alkyl
R'=straight or branched Alkyl C5

Performance Comparison
“Split-hood” test

Readily Biodegradable Emulsifier
Carspray 800
MDEA Ester Quat emulsifier for vehicle rinse aids/drying agents
to address the needs of the evolving market:
Readily Biodegradable
Environmental friendly, safe (low toxicity)
Formulation versatility (for both traditional and
biodegradable ingredients)
Water reclaim system friendly formulations
Performance: improved drying/protection for less
spotting
Raw materials from renewable resources
Price/performance advantages
Patented technology
O O
N
CH3
-
O
R
O
R
CH3
(+ monoquat)
(R = Fatty Alkyl)
X

Acknowledgements
BL Household Care – Hopewell, Virginia
• Dennis Parrish
• Miyako Hisamoto
• Gonglu Tian
• Erin King
• Jennifer Goodyear
• Saiid Mohammed
• Phuong Le
• Dana Nystrand
Evonik Industries – Janesville, WI, Mapleton, IL
BL Household Care – Hanau, Germany
Interfacial Technology – Essen, Germany
Evonik Degussa Brasil Ltda
Page | 95

Desenvolvimentos Recentes em Surfactantes Catiônicos para Fabric Care e Car Care – Andras Nagy – Evonik

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