2. S. P. E. A. K. I. N. G.
-DELL HYMES-
Magiging mabisa lamang ang komunikasyon kung
isasaayos, at sa pagsasaayos ng komunikasyon, may
bagay na dapat isaalang-alang.
3. SETTING
Ang lugar o pook kung saan nag-uusap o nakikipagtalastasan
ng mga tao. Mahalagang salik ang lugar kung saan nag-uusap
ang mga tao. Katulad ng pananamit, ikino-konsidera din natin
ang lugar na pinangyarihan ng pakikipagtalastasan upang
maiangkop ang paraan ng pananalita.
Halimbawa, kapag tayo ay nanonood ng isang pormal na
palatuntunan, hindi tayo nakikipag-usap sa iba na parang tayo
ay nasa kalsada lamang o nasa isang kasayahan.
S
4. PARTICIPANT
Ang mga taong nakikipagtalastasan. Isinasa-alang din natin
ang ating kausap upang pumili ng paraan kung paano siya
kakausapin. Hindi natin kinakausap ang ating guro sa paraang
ginagamit natin tuwing kausap natin ang ating mga kaklase o
kaibigan.
Sinisikap nating magbigay-galang sa ating guro habang sa
ating mga kaklase o kaibigan ay kaswal o kampante ang ating
guro.
P
5. ENDS
Mga layunin o pakay ng pakikipagtalastasn. Dapat bigyan ng
konsiderasyon ang pakay o layunin ng pakikipag-usap. Hindi ba’t
kung tayo ay hihingi ng pabor ay gumagamit tayo ng paraan na
nagpapakita ng pagkukumbaba? At kung nais din nating
kumbisihin ang kausap ay iba ang ating pamamaraan?
Samakatuwid, nararapat na isaalang-alang ang layunin natin
upang maiangkop natin ang paraan ng ating pakikipagtalastasan.
E
6. ACT SEQUENCE
Ang takbo ng usapan. Bigyan-pansin din ang takbo ng usapan.
Minsan ay nag-uumpisa tayo sa mainit na usapan at kapag
mahusay ang pakikipag-usap ay madalas ito humahantong sa
mapayapang pagtatapos.
Kung minsan naman ay biruan na nagbubunga g pagkapikon at
alitan. Ang isang mahusay na komyunikeytor ay nararapat
lamang na maging sensitibo sa takbo ng usapan.
A
7. KEYS
Tono ng pakikipag-usap. Katulad ng setting o pook, nararapat
ding isaalang-alang ang sitwasyon ng usapan, kung ito ba ay
pormal o di-pormal. Wala sigurong makakagusto kung mga
salitang balbal ang gagamitin natin sa pormal na okasyon
K
8. INTRUMENTALITIES
Tsanel o midyum na ginagamit, pasalita o pasulat. Dapat isaisip
ang midyum ng pakikipagtalastasn. Inaangkop natin ang tsanel
na gagamitin sa kung ano ba ang sasabihin natin at kung saan
natin ito sasabihin.
I
9. NORMS
Paksang usapan. Mahalagang alamin kung tungkol saan ang
usapan. May mga sensitibong bagay na kung minsan limitado
lamang ang kaalaman.
Sa mga ganitong sitwasyon, suriin muna natin kung ilahad natin
ay tama o hindi. O di kaya minsan ay may mga paksang
eksklusibo, kagaya ng sinasabi ng nakatatanda, may mga
“usapang pangmatanda”, “usapang pambabae” lamang, at
“usapang panlalaki lamang”.
N
10. GENRE
Diskursong ginagamit. Kung nagsasalaysay, nakikipagtalo, o
nangangatwiran. Dapat iangkop ang uri ng diskursong gagamitin
sa pakikipagtalastas. Minsan dahil sa miskomunikasyon sa genre
ay hindi nagkakaunawaan ang magkausap
G
Hinweis der Redaktion
Create an outline to get ready:
Introduce the era (Use a mix of media and text)
Organize your artifacts to outline what life was like during the era you are presenting
Think about using a storyboard to outline your images and ideas
Make sure you prepare a clear and well rounded presentation of all aspects of the era (People, jobs, food, transportation, etc. What else should you include so the audience feels like they have visited your era?)
Create an outline to get ready:
Introduce the era (Use a mix of media and text)
Organize your artifacts to outline what life was like during the era you are presenting
Think about using a storyboard to outline your images and ideas
Make sure you prepare a clear and well rounded presentation of all aspects of the era (People, jobs, food, transportation, etc. What else should you include so the audience feels like they have visited your era?)
Create an outline to get ready:
Introduce the era (Use a mix of media and text)
Organize your artifacts to outline what life was like during the era you are presenting
Think about using a storyboard to outline your images and ideas
Make sure you prepare a clear and well rounded presentation of all aspects of the era (People, jobs, food, transportation, etc. What else should you include so the audience feels like they have visited your era?)
Create an outline to get ready:
Introduce the era (Use a mix of media and text)
Organize your artifacts to outline what life was like during the era you are presenting
Think about using a storyboard to outline your images and ideas
Make sure you prepare a clear and well rounded presentation of all aspects of the era (People, jobs, food, transportation, etc. What else should you include so the audience feels like they have visited your era?)
Create an outline to get ready:
Introduce the era (Use a mix of media and text)
Organize your artifacts to outline what life was like during the era you are presenting
Think about using a storyboard to outline your images and ideas
Make sure you prepare a clear and well rounded presentation of all aspects of the era (People, jobs, food, transportation, etc. What else should you include so the audience feels like they have visited your era?)
Create an outline to get ready:
Introduce the era (Use a mix of media and text)
Organize your artifacts to outline what life was like during the era you are presenting
Think about using a storyboard to outline your images and ideas
Make sure you prepare a clear and well rounded presentation of all aspects of the era (People, jobs, food, transportation, etc. What else should you include so the audience feels like they have visited your era?)
Create an outline to get ready:
Introduce the era (Use a mix of media and text)
Organize your artifacts to outline what life was like during the era you are presenting
Think about using a storyboard to outline your images and ideas
Make sure you prepare a clear and well rounded presentation of all aspects of the era (People, jobs, food, transportation, etc. What else should you include so the audience feels like they have visited your era?)
Create an outline to get ready:
Introduce the era (Use a mix of media and text)
Organize your artifacts to outline what life was like during the era you are presenting
Think about using a storyboard to outline your images and ideas
Make sure you prepare a clear and well rounded presentation of all aspects of the era (People, jobs, food, transportation, etc. What else should you include so the audience feels like they have visited your era?)
Create an outline to get ready:
Introduce the era (Use a mix of media and text)
Organize your artifacts to outline what life was like during the era you are presenting
Think about using a storyboard to outline your images and ideas
Make sure you prepare a clear and well rounded presentation of all aspects of the era (People, jobs, food, transportation, etc. What else should you include so the audience feels like they have visited your era?)