1. The process of analyzing information
requirements, designing systems to
meet those requirements, and
acquiring or building these systems.
Also known as: Systems Analysis
and Design
Systems Development
6. The Planning Stage
Step Actions Deliverables
Problem
identification
Identify existing problem
or need for new system.
Problem statement
Project
initiation
System sponsor creates
system request
System request
Feasibility
study
Systems analyst assigned
to project; works with
sponsor on feasibility study
Feasibility analysis;
cost/benefit analysis
Creating
workplan
Project manager assigned
to project
Workplan listing tasks,
estimate times and staffing
needs
Project
staffing
Other team members
assigned to project
Staffing responsibilities;
project plan
7. Types of Feasibility Studies
Technical Feasibility – an indication that
the technology exists
Economic Feasibility – an indication that
the project will offer financial benefits
Cost/benefit analysis
Organizational Feasibility – an indication
that the project can be complete within the
limits of the organization
8. The Analysis Stage
The development team works closely with
the sponsor to understand the existing
system and the new system needed
Who will use the system?
Where will the system be used?
When will it be used?
9. Steps in the Analysis Stage
Final deliverable – system proposal
Requirements
Determination
Model
Building
Understanding
of what new
system must
do
10. Determining Requirements
Joint application development (JAD) – A
process in which the development team
meets with the project sponsor and the
users to discuss the project at all stages
of development
Throw-away prototype – A prototype that
is not meant to be kept but rather used
for explanatory work on critical factors in
the system.
11. Model Building
Models are used in two ways:
1. To help us gain a clearer understanding of the
current systems and processes
2. To develop conceptual plans for new system
Data Model – graphical and logical view of
database organization
Process Models – graphical representation of
data flows through a system
12. Data Flow Diagrams
External source or
destination
Internal process that
transforms data
Data Store
Data Flow
13. Data Model for FarEast Foods
*Customer ID
Last Name
First Name
Email Address
Number Bucks
…
*Purchase Number
Customer ID
Product ID
Price Paid
Bucks Used
Quantity purchased
Purchase Date
*Product ID
Product Name
Current product price
Product QOH
Customer table Purchase table Products table
15. The Design Stage
1. How will the new system be developed?
• Internal Development
• Outsourcing
• Acquisition
2. How will the system work?
• Moves from logical models to a physical design
Deliverable: System Specification
16. Physical Database Specification
Data models created during Analysis
stage
Create Metadata
Type of database
Names of tables and fields in tables
Primary and foreign keys
Make sure databases provide data
specified by data stores of DFD
17. Converting Process Models to
Physical Forms
Need to convert process models into
specifications for programmers
IPO table – a table showing the inputs to
a process, the required outputs for that
process, and the logic needed to convert
the inputs into desired outputs
Pseudocode – a way of expressing the
logic of processing in structured English
rather than in a computer language
18. IPO table for Computing Total
Price
Input Processing Output
•Item name
•Purchase price
•Number purchased
1.Subtotal=price number
2.Tax = subtotal 0.07
3.Total = subtotal + tax
•Item name
•Purchase price
•Number purchased
•Subtotal
•Tax
•Total
19. Pseudocode for Computing Total
Price
Begin procedure
Input item name and purchase price
Input number purchased
Subtotal = price number
Tax = subtotal 0.07
Output item name, purchase price, number purchased, subtotal, tax, and total
End procedure
20. Interface Screens
Provides means of communicating designs to sponsors and potential users
Have varying levels of complexity
