PPT contain information on the Principles of Plant Disease Management

1. Principles Plant Disease
Management
Reshma Ranjan
M.Sc.(PBG)
Plant Breeding And
Genetics

2. Introduction
 Disease- A diseases is the impairment of the normal
physiological functioning of a plant or plant part, caused
by the continued irritation of a primary factor or factors.
 Loss due to disease range from: A few to 30 %
 In case of sever infection: 100% crop failure

3. How A disease Develop…….
 Development of any disease
depends on a close interaction
among three diverse factors:
• The Host
• The pathogen
• The environment

4.  Measures taken to prevent incidence of a
disease, reduce the amount of inoculum that
initiates the spreads of disease and finally
minimises the loss caused by the disease have
traditionally being called as control measures.
 Plant disease management is the eminent process
in crop production.
 A disease can be managed by eliminating
interaction between
◦ A susceptible host
◦ A virulent pathogen
◦ In suitable environmental condition
What is Control
Measures……

5. PRINCIPLES OF PLANT DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
1) AVOIDANCE
2) EXCLUSION
3) ERADICATION
4) PROTECTION
5) RESISTANT VARIETIES
6) THERAPY
H. H. Whetzel included four general disease control
principles, Exclusion, Eradication, Protection, Re
sistance

6. Avoidance
Avoiding disease by altering planting time, or
planting in areas where inoculum is
ineffective due to environmental condition
or rare or absent.
Avoidance can be carried out by:-
Choice of geographical areas
Selection of field
Selection of seed and planting
material
Choice of time of showing
Disease escaping varieties
Modification of cultural practices

7. Exclusion
Preventing the inoculum from entering
or establishing in the field or area
where it does not exist.
 Seed treatment
 Inspection
 Certification
 Quarantine (Federal or State)
 Cleaned farm equipment
Cleaning farm equipment

8. Eradication
This principle aims at eliminating a
pathogen after it is introduced into an
area but before it has become well
established or widely spread.
It can be applied to
 individual plants,
 seed lots,
 fields or regions
It is generally not effective over large
geographic areas

9. Eradiation can be done by……
 Destroying weeds that are reservoirs of various
pathogens or insect vectors of disease,
 Biological control of plant pathogen
 Crop rotation
 Soil treatment
 Heat and chemical treatment
Elimination of potato cull
piles
Weed Control

10. Crop Rotation
Soil Treatment
Burning of infected
residues crop
Propane flaming

11. Protection
Preventing infection by creating a
chemical toxic barrier between the
plant surface and pathogens.
 Chemical treatment
 Chemical control of insect vector
 Modification of environment
or environment condition
 Modification of host nutrition

12. Protection can be done by……
Bananas are covered
with plastic sleeves
Raised planting bedsGround sprayers

13. Resistant Varieties
Preventing infection or reducing effect
of infection by managing the host
through improvement of resistance in
it by genetic manipulation or by
chemotherapy.
 Selection and hybridisation of disease
resistance
 Mutation for disease
resistance

14. Susceptible and resistant plant to papaya ringspot
virus
Susceptible and resistant plant

15. Therapy of disease plant
Reducing severity of disease in an
infected individual by chemicals.
 Chemotherapy
 Tree Surgery
 Heat Therapy