2. TABLE OF CONTENTES
1.INTRODUCTION
2.CLEAN AND GREEN ENERGY
3.SOLAR ENERGY
4.WIND ENERGY
5.BIOMASS ENERGY
6.HYDROELECRIC ENERGY
7.GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
8.TIDAL ENERGY
9.PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN WORLD
10.CONCLUSION
3. INTRODUCTION
• Energy is the property of objects which can be converted
into different forms or can be transferred to other objects
but cannot be created or destroyed.
•Green energy is the energy that is produced in such a way
as to minimize its negative impact on the environment. It is
a renewable source of energy.
•Sources of green energy such as solar, wind, geothermal
and hydro energy are developed and promoted as
alternative source that make little or no contribution to
climate change.
•Burning of fossil fuels produce huge amount of green
house gases in the atmosphere which trap the radiation of
sun and contribute to global warming . So there is urgent
need of green and clean energy sources.
5. SOLAR ENERGY
The Solar Energy is produced by the Sunlight is a non-
vanishing renewable source of energy which is free and
eco-friendly.
Every hour enough sunlight energy reaches the earth to
meet the world's energy demand for a whole year.
By early 2020, the leading country for solar power
was China with 208 GW, accounting for one-third of global
installed solar capacity followed by USA with 60.5 GW
and India with 35.6GW.
6. WORKING AND APPLICATION OF
SOLAR ENERGY
Working of solar energy
APPLICATIONS
1. Solar Electric Power
Generation
2. Solar Water Heating
3. Solar Heating of Buildings
4. Solar distillation
5. Solar drying of agricultural
and animal products
6. Solar cooking
7. WIND ENERGY
Wind energy is the renewable energy sources which describes the
process by which wind is used to generate electricity.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical
power. A generator can convert mechanical power into electricity .
Wind turbines convert the energy in wind to electricity by rotating
propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor turns the drive shaft,
which turns an electric generator. Three key factors affect the amount
of energy a turbine can harness from the wind: wind speed, air
density, and swept area.
According to the latest market outlook published on 5 Nov 2020 by
GWEC (Global Wind Energy Council)Market Intelligence, 71.3 GW of
wind power capacity is expected to be installed in 2020 despite the
impacts of COVID-19, which is only a 6 per cent reduction from pre-
COVID forecasts. The global wind power generation is 600GW in 2018.
8. From 2020 to 2024, the cumulative global wind energy market will
grow at a compound annual rate of 8.5 per cent and installing 348 GW
of new capacity, bringing total global wind power capacity to nearly
1,000 GW by the end of 2024, which is an increase of 54 per cent for
total wind power installations compared to 2017.
WIND ENERGY APPLICATONS
1. Wind energy is used to generate electricity.
2. Wind energy is used to run the pumps to draw water from the
ground through wind mills.
3. The wind energy is used to propel the sailboats in river and seas to
transport men and materials from one place to another.
4. Wind energy has also been used to run flourmills to grind the grains
like wheat and corn into flour.
9. BIOMASS ENERGY
Biomass is renewable organic material that comes from plants and
animals. Biomass continues to be an important fuel in many
countries, especially for cooking and heating in developing countries.
The use of biomass fuels for transportation and for electricity
generation is increasing in many developed countries as a means of
avoiding carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use.
Biomass contains stored chemical energy from the sun. Plants
produce biomass through photosynthesis .
PROCESS IN BIOGAS ENERGY SYSTEM
10. HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
Hydroelectric power works to harvest the inherent energy of moving water
by directing the water through turbine converting the energy of the moving
water into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is then converted into
electricity in the generator.
Hydropower is the most efficient way to generate electricity. Modern hydro
turbines can convert as much as 90% of the available energy into electricity.
The best fossil fuel plants are only about 50% efficient .
World-wide, about 20% of all electricity is generated by hydropower.
11. The world’s hydropower capacity increased from 960.5GW in 2008 to
1,270.4GW in 2017, according to a report released by the International
Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).
Hydropower installed capacity reached 1,308 gigawatts (GW) in 2019
with China contributing 356.4GW followed by Brazil with 109.06GW
and USA with 102.75GW. India is at 5th position with 50.07GW.
12. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth.
Geothermal energy is heat derived within the sub-surface of the earth. Water and/or
steam carry the geothermal energy to the Earth's surface.
Depending on its characteristics, geothermal energy can be used for heating and
cooling purposes or be harnessed to generate clean electricity
Geothermal power plants are operating in 29 countries with a total installed power
generation capacity of 15,400 MW at the year-end 2019. The leading countries based
on installed capacity are the United States, Indonesia, the Philippines, Turkey, New
Zealand and Mexico.
Working Principles in Geothermal power
plant
13. TIDAL ENERGY
Tidal energy is power produced by the surge of ocean waters during the rise and fall
of tides.
During the 20th century, engineers developed ways to use tidal movement
to generate electricity in areas where there is a significant tidal range - the difference
in area between high tide and low tide.
All methods use special generators to convert tidal energy into electricity. The
amount of power produced so far has been small.
World's first large-scale tidal power plant was the Rance Tidal Power Station in
France, which became operational in 1966. It was the largest tidal power station in
terms of output until Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station opened in South Korea in
August 2011
POWER PLANT WORKING PRINCIPLE
15. CONCLUSION
To make sure we have plenty of energy in future , we must conserve energy and use
it efficiently.
Global power demand is increasing, which presents a challenge as the world seeks to
switch to clean energy sources. The current power consumption of world is 18 TW.
GLOBALLY CLEAN ENERGY IS PUSHING FOSSIL FUELS. In March this year, in response
to the already declining price of oil, the petroleum industry may have already
reached a tipping point. Daily Brent crude oil spot prices averaged $29 per barrel
(1b=159Litres)in May, up $11/b from the average in April mainly due to announced
production cuts by OPEC(Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) .
It is crucial to create the new energy technologies and to increase the efficiency of
clean and green technologies.
Indian government is also taking the steps to encourage the use of clean source of
energy . The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has set an ambitious
target to set up renewable energy capacities to the tune of 175 GW by 2022 of which
about 100 GW is planned for solar, 60 for wind and other for hydro, bio among
other.
