Reasoning practice workbook

CHAPTER Pg.No
1. Nu e Alpha et Se ies………………………………………………………………………………….……1 - 2
2. Code – Decode……………………………………………………………………………………………….…....3 - 6
3. Alpha et Test……………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 - 10
4. Di e tio Se se………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..11 - 18
5. I se t the issi g ha a te ………………………………………………………………………………….19 - 20
6. Input-Output………………………………………………………………………………………………………..21 - 28
7. Cou se of A tio ……………………………………………………………………………………………………29 - 35
8. Cause & Effect……………………………………………………………………………………………..……….36 - 38
9. State e t & A gu e t…………………………………………………………………………………………39 - 40
10. Asse tio & Reaso …………………………………………………………………………………………....41 - 42
11. Non-Ve al Reaso i g………………………………………………………………………………………… - 48
12. A ith eti al Reaso i g………………………………………………………………………………………. - 52
13. Number-Ra ki g Test…………………………………………………………………………………………. - 57
14. Syllogis …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. - 63
15. Blood Relatio s………………………………………………………………………………………………….… - 69
16. Seating- A a ge e ts…………………………………………………………………………………..…….70 - 78
17. Puzzles……………………………………………………………………………………………………………......79 - 84
18. Equality – I e uality……………………………………………………………………………………………..85 - 88
19. Data Suffi ie y…………………………………………………………………………………………….………89 - 94
20. Cu es & Di es……………………………………………………………………………………………….………95 - 103
ANSWERS 104-105

DepartmentofAnalyticalSkills,SchoolofProfessionalEnhancement
NUMBER AND ALPHABET SERIES
Practice question:
1. 3 , 5, 9, 17, 33 __
a. 60 b. 62 c. 65 d. 64
2. 98 72 50 32 18 __
a.10 b.8 c.6 d.12
3. 46 ,60, 52, 54 ,58 ,48 __
a. 64 b. 54 c. 66 d. 58
4. 20,20,19,16,17,13,14,11 _ _
a. 11,13 b. 12,12 c.10,10 d. 10,12
5. 500,356,456,392 __
a. 400 b. 418 c. 430 d. 428
6. 41,42,41,45,37,46,__
a.56 b.19 c.28 d.62
7. 4,6,9,14,21,32,__
a.45 b.48 c.51 d.55
8. 3,7,17,31,53__
a.71 b.69 c.79 d.83
9. 6,24,96,384, __
a.1568 b.1563 c.1655 d.1536
10. 8,17,35,71,143,__
a.287 b.299 c.285 d.286
11. 1,2,6,21,88,445,__
a.2760 b.2600 c.2670 d.2676
12. 10,17,26,37,50,__
a.65 b.63 c.71 d.66
13. 20,30,42,56,72,__
a.91 b.88 c.92 d.90
14. 56,42,30,20,12,__
a.6 b.8 c.10 d.12
15. 65,126,217,344,__
a.516 b.315 c.513 d.520
16. 0,7,26,63,124,__
a.215 b.217 c.213 d.218
17. 64040,27030,8020,__
a.1000 b.1010 c.1800 d.1001
18. 0,6,24,60,120,__
a.212 b.200 c.210 d.212
19. 24,12,12,18,36,__
a.42 b.44 c.90 d.88
20. 5,16,49,104,__
a.181 b.180 c.172 d.176
21. 9,27,31,155,161,1127,__
a.1603 b.12764 c.1135d.34178
22 8,8,32,288,4608,___
a.115200 b.115300 c.115000 d.114200
23. 9,13.5,27,67.5__
a.198.5 b.200.5 c.134.5 d.202.5
24. 1,0,5,8,17,24,37,__
a. 49 b.42 c.48 d.43
25. 1,5,11,49,239__
a.1441 b.1444 c.1414 d.1244
26. 1,30,136,417,838,__
a.833 b.764 c.814 d.839
27. 3,4,12,45,196__
a. 1100 b.1005 c.1005 d.1092
28. 6,9,11.25,22.50,26.50,__
a.60.25 b.66 c.66.25 d.56
29. 2807,1400,697,346,171,__
a.80 b.66 c.88 d.84
30. 16,4,2,1.5,1.5,__
a.3.25 b.1.875 c.1.25 d.1.7
31. 7, 14, 55, 110, ....?
a.122 b.221 c.121 d.201
32. 47, 94, 71, 142, 119, 238,_,_ ?
a.210,420 b.215.430 c. 125,250 d. 150,300

Number and Alphabet Series 2
33. 3,5,11,29,83, _ ?
a.245 b.120 c.225 d.335
34. 4,6,10,14,22, 26, 34, 38, 46,__
a.56 b.62 c.54 d.58
35. 6, 7, 12, 13, 18, 19, 24, _ _
a.22 b.24 c.25 d.28
36. 2,2,12,12,30,30__
a.58 b.45 c.56 d.54
37. . 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11,_
a.14 b.16 c.15 d.18
38. 5690, 5121, 4552, 3983, 3414, 2845,
?
a.2466 b.2276 c.2076 d.2286
39. 123, 444, 888, 1776, 8547,__
a.16000 b.15055 c.16566 d.16005
40. 21,77,165,285,......
a.437 b.348 c.488 d.417
41. 4,18,100,294,.. i
a.892 b.965 c.1210 d.1110
42. 2, 30, 130, 350, ____
a. 713 b.748 c.738 d.812
43. 29 38 47 56 _ _
a. 68 b. 65 c. 72 d. 75
44. 7 4 5 9 20 _ _
a. 56.5 b. 60 c. 52.5 d. 50.5
Alphabet series- Type1
1. WC RE NI KO ?
a.JX b.JW c.IX d.IW
2. AE CG EI GK ?
a.MI b.IM c.HM d.IL
3. AC FH KM PR ?
a.UW b.VX c.VW d.TV
4. AM CN DP FQ ?
a.GP b.GS c. HP d.HQ
5. AZB,DYE,HWI,MVN ?
a.STV b.RTT c.SUT d.STT
6. PQ PQ SO NV ?
a.ZO b.ZM c.OZ d.ZL
7. DG HG JI JM __?
a.RK b.QM c.PK d.QM
8. MP LO JM GJ ?
a.CE b.CH c.CF d. DF
9. AC DC EF IG ? TCS
a.MI b.IL c.IM d.LI
10. A,B,D,H_?
a.P b. Q c.K d. T
Alphabet series – Type 2
1. a_bbc_aab_cca_bbcc
a.bacb b.acba c.abba d.caba
2. ab_aa_bbb_aaaa_bbbba
a.abba b.baab c.aaab d.abab
3. bc_b_c_b_ccb
a.cbcb b.bbcb c.cbbc d.bcbc
4. abb_baa_a_bab_aba
a.abba b.abab c.ccac d.abba
5. abca_bcaab_ca_bbc_a
a.ccaa b.bbaa c.abac d.abba
6. cab_a_c_bc_bc_ab
a.bcbbab b.bcbbbc c.acacab d.cbaaac
7. cccbb_aa_cc_bbbaa_c
a.acbc b.baca c.baba d.acba
.
8. ab_bbc_c_ab_ab_b
a.ccaac b.cbabc c.cacac d.bccab
9. mnoonopqopqrs_ _ _ _ _
a.mnopq b.oqrst c.pqrst d.qrstu
10. adbc_ac_bda_cddcb_adbc cda
a.bccba b.cbbaa c.ccbba d.bbcad

Code – Decode
In simple words code is a system in which message is
sent in encrypted form by the sender, which is then
decoded by the receiver following some rules or
methods to decode it Such questions are set to test the
ability of the candidate to understand the pattern or
rule or method according to which the code is set &
then to decipher the code accordingly .
As such , there are no fixed pattern or rules according to
which these codes are set, however, to understand the
topic better , we have classified the questions into few
heads keeping in mind , the various types, of questions
asked in all types of exams .
In order to understand these questions better & solve
them quickly, it is recommended that students should
do 2 things .
1. Learn the alphabet series with their number i-e, A-1,
B-2, C-3, D-4 ------------ Z-26
2. Opposites- opposites of alphabets are obtained by
subtracting their number from 27
Eg: letter opposite of A will be:- 27-1 (position of A is 1 )
= 26 i.e Z ,Similarly opposites of
B - Y, F- U, J - Q, C - X, G – T, K - P,
D – W, H – S, L - O, E - V, I – R, M – N
Type of questions : -
Type – 1 Alphabet to alphabet coding : -
In such questions alphabets are coded by other
alphabets according to some pattern.
eg : COSTLY is coded as DNTSMX in a certain language,
how will SIPPER be coded as in same language ?
Sol: Code is made by just selecting the next alphabet in
the alphabet series. So code for SIPPER will be TJOOFS
Type – 2 : - Numeric coding : - Codes are given in form
of numbers which are usually according to position of
the alphabets in alphabet series
eg : - Jaipur is coded as 1019162118, then how will
Alwar be coded in the same pattern ,
10 1 9 16 21 18
J A I P U R -1 0 1 9 1 6 2 1 1 8
1 12 23 1 18
A L W A R - 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 8
Type – 3 : - Direct Coding:- codes are given to the
alphabets irrespective of their position in alphabet series
& these codes may be in form of numbers or alphabets
or even symbols .
eg : - Course is coded as X Z Y T L U
SEAT is coded as LUPN, then how will CATERS be
coded as : -
COURSE SEAT CATERS
XZUTLU LUPN XPNUTL
Here we see, code of C is X, A is P and so on for other
alphabets directly based on their position in the word.
Type 4 :- Alpha-Numeric coding :- In some questions
code is given in both number and alphabet forms
Alphabet to Alphabet coding
1. In a certain code language FILES is written as GJMFT ,
How will SCOUT be written in that code ?
(a) TDOPV (b) TDPVU (c) DTPOU
(d) TDPOU (e) None of these
2. In a certain code language NUMBER is written as
MTLADQ , how will VIOLIN be written in that code ?
(a) VHKNHM (b) WJNKMH (c) UHNKHM
(d) TDPOU (e) None of these
3. In a certain code language HOUSE is written as GPTTD
, how will BROAD be written in that code ?
(a) CQPBE (b) ASNBD (c) ASOBD
(d) ASNBC (e) None of these
4. In a certain code language DELHI is written as FGNJK ,
how will ALWAR be written in that code ?
(a) CNYCT (b) DMXCT (c) CNWCT
(d) CNDTY (e) None of these
5. In a certain code language WALK is written as UYJI,
how will TRIM be written in that code ?.
(a) RHGK (b) SGHK (c) ROGK
(d) PQGK (e) None of these
6. In a certain code language GUEST is written as ISGQV ,
how will MONEY be written in that code ?
(a) ONPDA (b) KQPCA (c) OMPCA
(d) OMPDA (e) None of these
7. In a certain code language HURDLE is written as
BPNAJD , how will TRAGIC be written in that code ?
(a) NMWDGB ( b) MNWDGB c) NMWCGC
d) MNYDGC e) None of these
8. In a certain code DESIGN is written as FCUGIL , how is
REPORT written in that code ?
(a) TCRMPR (b) TCRMTR (c) TCTMPR
(d) TCTNTR (e) None of these
. I a e tai ode la guage, the o d IMAGINE
itte as ENIGAMI . Ho ill the o d FLOWERS e
written in that code ?
(a) RESWFOL (b) SREWOLF (c) SRFWOLE
(d) WOLFSRE (e) None of these
. I a e tai ode la guage the o d SIMPLE is
itte as LEMPSI . Ho ill the o d JUNGLE e
(a) LENGJU (b) LEGNJU (c) LEJUGN
(d) LENGUJ (e) None of these
11. In a certain code language CONSUMER is written as
ERUMNSCO. How will TRIANGLE be written in that code
language ?
(a) LENGIATR (b) ELNGIATR (c) LEGNIATR
(d) LEGNAITR (e) None of these
12. In a certain code language WONDERFUL is written as
OWNEDRFUL. How will CONFUSING be written in that
code language ?
(a) OCNFUSNIG (b) OCNUFSNIG (c) ONCUFSNIG
(d) ONCFUNSIG (e) None of these

Code - Decode 4
13. In a certain code language CROWD is written as
DQPVE. How will BLEND be written in that code
language ?
(a)CMFOE (b) CKFME (c) AKDMC
(d) AMDOC (e) None of these
14. In a certain code language BREAKDOWN is coded as
NOWDKAERB. How will TRIANGLES be written in that
code language ?
(a) AIRTGNSEL (b) SELGNTRIA (c) AIRTNSELG
(d) SELGNAIRT (e) None of these
15. In a certain code BROWN is written as CSPXO, How
is PART written in that code ?
(a) OBQU (b) QBSU (c) OZQS
(d) RBTU (e) None of these
16. In a certain code language UNIQUE is written as
XQLOSC , How will FAVOUR be written in that code ?
(a) IDYMSP (b) HEYNST (c) HEXMSP
(d) IEZMTPS (e) None of these
17. I a e tai ode , ROAMING is itte a
APRNGOI . Ho ould PLATEAU e itte i the
same code ?
(a) AMPTUBE (b) PMAUEBU
(c) ALPUUAE (d) AMPUUBE
. I a e tai ode la guage, TEMPORARY is itte
as SFLQOQBQZ . Ho ould WONDERFUL e itte
in the same code ?
(a) VPMEFQGTM (b) VPMEESGTM
(c) XPMEFQGTM (d) VPMEFEVK
(e) None of these
19. In a certain code DETAIL is written as BJMUFE. How
is SUBMIT written in that code ?
(a) UJSWCVT (b) NJUCVT (c) NJUTVC
(d) UJNTVC (e) None of these
20. In a certain code DUPLICATE is written as
MRVFJFVBE. How is CARTOUCHE written in that code ?
(a) UTBEPWDJF (b) UTBFQFJDW (c) UTBEQFJDW
(d) UTBEPFJDW (e) None of these
. I a e tai ode MOTHER is itte as ONHURF.
How ill ANSWER e itte i that code ?
(a) NBWRRF (b) MAVSPE (c) NBWTRD
(d) NBXSSE (e) None of these
22. In a certain code CREAM is written as NBDBQ. How
is BREAD written in that code ?
(a) EBFAQ (b) EBDAQ (c) BEDQA
(d) BEFQA (e) None of these
. I a e tai ode TASK is itte as BUJR a d
BIND is itte as JCCM . Ho is SUIT itte i that
code ?
(a) VTSH (b) VSTH (c) TRUJ
(d) TRJU (e) None of these
. I a e tai ode CLEAR is itte as SBFMD a d
BONDS is itte as TEOPF . Ho is STALE itte i
that code ?
(a) BKZSR (b) CUTFM (c) STUBMF
(d) FMBUT (e) None of these
25. I a e tai ode BEAMING is itte a BFCMHOJ
a d CLEAR is itte as MDESB . Ho is TRAIL
(a) USAMJ (b) USAJM (c) SUAMJ
(d) SUAJM (e) None of these
. I a e tai ode TOWN is itte as POSY a d
CARE is itte as BFBQ . Ho is BELT written in that
code ?
(a) FUAK (b) DSCM (c) DSAK
(d) FUCM (e) None of these
. I a e tai ode la guage MOSTLY is oded as
PUZLRK and TRUMPH is coded as SNISTO, then how is
word SNISTO, then how is word STRENGTH is written in
that code ?
(a) TSOUSDFG (b) UFHIRQMS (c) TUSFMFSG
(d) USTDPFVE (e) None of these
28. In a certain code language word PLAYER is written as
AELPRY and word WRITER is written as EIRRTW, then
how is word MAGNET is written in that code ?
(a) GEAMTN (b) AEGMNT (c) GAETMN
(d) TENGAM (e) None of these
29. In a certain code FISH is coded as GKVL and REST is
coded as SGVX, then how will be MAID is written is same
language ?
(a) NBJE (b) EKDQ (c) NCLH
(d) BNEJ (e) None of these
30. If ion a certain code BOMBAY is written as FSQFEC
then how is QCWSVI written in the same code ?
(a) MANDYA (b) UGAWZM (c) MANDAL
(d) MYSOER (e) None of these
31. DROWN = MXNSC, BREAK = ?
(a) BSNS (b) RGPQ (c) MNLO
(d) JBDSA (e) None of these
32. MONKEY = XDJMNL, TIGER= ?
(a) YQFMDU (b) FFQXDU (c) QYEEDU
(d) QDFHS (e) None of these
33. KINDLE = ELDNIK, EXOTIC = ?
(a) EXIOTC (b) COXITE (c) CXOTIE
(d) CITOXE (e) None of these
34. MASTER=RETSAM, FATHER=?
(a) RATEHF (b) RHETAF (c) REHTAF
(d) HERTAF (e) None of these
35. MOTHER=PQWJHT, SISTER=?
(a) VKVVHT (b) KHVNVN (c) KVNVNHT
(d) KHVVNT (e) None of these
36. ANEEL=NAEEL, NEERU=?
(a) ENREU (b) ENERU (c) EENRU
(d) Cannot be determined (e) None of these
37. If CENPNPJL is written as DOOK then how is
FHNPNPCE is written ?
(a) FOOD (b) GOOD (c) ROOT

Code - Decode 5
(d) FOUR (e) None of these
38. If COLD is coded as ALHY, then what is the code of
IRON ?
(a) GUKI (b) GUSI (c) GOKI
(d) GKUL (e) None of these
39. POUR is coded as RSAZ, what is the code of WAKE ?
(a) EYGT (b) TGEY (c) YEQM
(d) YGET (e) None of these
40. In a code language COLD =DPME than what i the
code for CHINA = ?
(a) DHIMB (b) DJKMB (c) DIJOB
(d) DUPBM (e) None of these
41. In a code language VICTORY =YLFWRUB than what is
the code for FAILURE = ?
(a) JELOZUH (b) IDLOXUH (c) JDLKWUH
(d) IDOLKUH (e) None of these
42. In a code language COULD = BNTKC and
MARGIN=LZQFHM than what is the code for
MOULDING=?
(a) LNTKCHMF (b) CNMFINTK (c) LNKTCHMF
(d) NITKCHMP (e) None of these
43. In a code language SAND =VDQG and BIRD = ELUG
than what is the code for LOVE = ?
(a) PRYG (b) ORTG (c) NPUH
(d) ORYH (e) None of these
44. In a code language SATELLITE=FUBTLDSHK than what
is the code for LAUNCHING=?
(a) OVBCFMHGI(b) BVCRTOMPU(c) OVBMCFMHG
(d) VBUMCINGP(e) None of these
45. In a system of coding ACCESS is coded CEEGUU,
PONTIFF as HHKPORV, LIMERICK as EGKKMNOT and
LAMINATE as CCGKNOPV. what is likely to be the word
of which the code is COTUV?
a)TRAPS b)PARTS
c)SMART d) none of these
46. PATTERN is coded as MIVGGZK then PROBLEM is
coded as ?????
(a) NVOYLIK (b) KILYOVN
(c) NVOLJKVY (d) NUMOLKY
47. GOOD is coded as 164 then BAD as 21. If UGLY coded
as 260 then JUMP will be coded as:
(a)420 (b)220 (c) 240 (d) 440
48. PROGRAM:QTRKWGT::APPLIANCE:
(a) BRSPNGUKN(b) BRSNNGULN
(c) DRPNGUK (d) None of these
Alphabet to Symbols/ Numbers
1. If REMIT is written as and CONSUL is
written as ; then OCELOT will be written as –
(a) %=3587 (b) %= (c) %=35%
(d) %=35%7 (e) None of these
2. In a certain code FROM is written as and BASE
is written as %7?@ . How is SOME written in that code ?
(a) 5?2 (b) ?5 (c) ?52%
(d)?52 (e) None of these
3. In a certain code SEAL is written as and DOSE is
written as . How is SOLD written in that code ?
(a) 58 (b) (c)
(d) (e) None of these
. Io a e tai ode, SPRING is itte as
a d GONE is itte as = . Ho
ould SIGN e itte i the sa e ode ?
(a) (b) 2 (c)
. GROW is itte as WITHIN is
written in a certain code language. How
ould WING e itte i that ode ?
(a) (b) (c) %
6. In a certain code BOND is written as 1543 and DEAN is
written as 3864. How is BED written in that code ?
(a) 153 (b) 183 (c) 138
(d) 143 (e) None of these
. I a e tai ode BACK is itte as a d KITE
is itte as . Ho is BEAT itte i that ode ?
(a) 5697 (b) 5967 (c) 4697
8. In a certain coded BAKE is written as 3792 and BIT is
written as 368. How is BITE written in the code ?
(a)3682 (b) 3768 (c) 3782
9. In a certain code language BREAK written is 51642 and
KITE is written as 2796. How will RIB be written in that
code language ?
(a) 175 (b) 176 (c) 185
. I a e tai ode ROBUST is itte .as
a d BONE is itte as . Ho is SORE itte i
that code ?
(a) 2937 (b) 2594 (c) 2954
. I a e tai ode BUILD is itte as and
LIKES is itte as . Ho is SKID itte i
that code ?
(a) 8 (b) 8 (c) 8
12. In a e tai ode BUILT is itte as and
TRIBE is itte as . Ho is RULE itte i
that code ?
(a) 9 (b) 95 (c)

Code - Decode 6
13. If in a certain code "RANGE" is coded as 12345 and
"RANDOM" is coded as 123678. Then the code for the
word "MANGO" would be:
(a) 82357 (b) 89343 (c) 84629
Language Coding
Directions (1-6): Study the following information to
answer the given questions:
I a e tai ode, al ays eate e ideas is itte as
a i sha gi , ideas a d e thoughts is itte as fa gi
a i , eate thoughts a d i sights is itte as a jo
a fa a d e a d ette solutio s is itte as ki i to
fa .
1. What is the ode fo ideas ?
a) sha b) ba c) gi d) ma 5) Can`t be determined
. What does fa sta d fo ?
a) thoughts b) insights c) new d) and e) solutions
. fa lo a ould e a ode fo hi h of the follo i g?
a) thoughts and action b) create and innovate
c) ideas and thoughts d) create new solutions
e) always better ideas
. What is the ode fo e ?
a) ki b) ri c) to d) fa e) ba
. Whi h of the follo i g ay ep ese t i sights al ays
ette ?
a) jo ki to b) ki to ri c) sha jo ri
d) to sha jo e) sha to ba
( 6 – ) I a e tai Code La guage , hope to see you
is oded as e so a di , please o e to see the pa ty
is oded as fi ge a di ke zo hope to o e is oded as
e fi zo a
. Ho is so oded i the given Language ?
(a) hope (b) come (c) see
(d) to (e) None of these
. Ho is so oded i the gi e La guage ?
(a) hope (b) come (c) see
(d) to (e) None of these
8. How is party coded in the given Language ?
(a) Either re or fi (b) zo or na (c) zo or fi
(d) zo or ge (e) ke or fi
. Ho ill please see you e oded i the gi e ode
language ?
(a) re na ke (b) so re na (c) zo re na
(d) na di ke (e) ke re ge
. Whi h of the follo i g ill e oded as so di e i
the given code language ?
(a) you see hope (b) hope you please
(c) hope you come (d) you hope to
(e) None of these
Directions (11 ‐ 15): Study the following information to
answer the given questions:
In a certain code,
ta get ade o al ga e is itte as N @ T3$ L2#
G % ,
upee e o e suppo t la el is itte as I @ H5% O3#
I $ ,
usual fa ou a ket house is itte as F # S3@ N4%
U $ , a d
pa t e e i li e o al is itte as L # V $ K % R @ .
. Whi h is the ode fo se e e ?
(a) H4# (b) H4@ (c) N3% (d) G2@ (e)Data Inadequate
. What is the ode fo o al the e ?
(a) L2# H4@ ( b) L2# G3@ (c) F3# G3@
(d) L1# G4@ (e) Cannot be determined
. What is the ode of ua t e o e ?
(a) I5$ J3% (b) J5$ K4# (c) H6$ W@
(d) I2# J3% (e) Cannot be determined
. What is the ode of apou ?
(a) E4# (b) E5@ (c) R4$ (d) E4$(e) )Data Inadequate
. Whi h is the ode fo o plai t se e al ?
(a) U7# H5# (b) H7% H5@ (c) X7% H5#
(d) S8% H5# (e) Cannot be determined
Directions (16 ‐ 20): Study the following information to
answer the given questions: In a certain code,
o it also ake poli y is itte as %e !y #t
@o ,
poli y aze a ge o ile is itte as !y @ %e
#e ,
allo ild ou se p ize is itte as !e %d #e
@ , and
aze a e pu p a tist is itte as % #e !p
@t .
. What is the ode fo ild ?
(a) @w5 (b) %d4 (c) %e4 (d) %e6
(e) Ca t e dete i ed
. What does #e #e @ sta d fo ?
(a) also make course ( b) craze also course
(c) commit course mobile (d) artist mild craze
(e) Either also make course or prize also course
. Whi h ould e the ode fo pea e p ote t pu p ?
(a) #t4 %d6 !r4 (b) !e4 !r4 !e2 (c) !p4 @w3 !r4
(d) !e5 !t7 !p4 (e) None of these
. !l % @e ould e a code for which of the
following?
(a) mobile charge victory (b) peaceful modern advance
(c) against modern effort
(d) mild peaceful west (e) None of these
. Whi h of the follo i g is the ode fo a ge p ize
o it ?
(a) !e5 %d4 %e4 (b) !e5 @r5 #t6 (c) @r5 #e6 #t6
(d) #t6 @o4 %e6 (e) None of these

ALPHABET TEST
Practice questions
1.Arrange the given words Alphabetical Order
and choose the one that comes first.
(A) Wasp (B) Waste (C) War
(D) Wrinkle (E) Wrist
2. Arrange the given words Alphabetical Order
and choose the one that comes first
(A) Science (B) Scrutiny (C) Scripture
(D) Scramble (E) Script
(A) Intense (B) Intellect (C) Intend
(D) Intelligent (E) Integument
(A) Nature (B) Native (C) Narrate
(D) Nascent (E) Naughty
(A) Didactic (B) Dictum (C) Dictionary
(D) Diastole (E) Dictate
(A) Praise (B) Practical (C) Prank
(D) Prayer (E) Practices
(A) Animate (B) Animosity (C) Anguish
(D) Ankle (E) Announce
(A) Probe (B) Proclaim (C) Proceed
(D) Problem (E) Probate
(A) Guarantee (B) Group (C) Grotesque
(D) Guard (E) Groan
(A) Signature (B) Sight (C) Shrine
(D) Shrill (E) Shrink
11. How many pairs of letters in the word
'CHAIRS' have as many letters between them in
the word as in the alphabet?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 4
12.How many pairs of letters are there in the
word " CASTRAPHONE" which have as many
letters between them in the word as in the
alphabet?
(A)4 (B)5 (C)6 (D)1
13.A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W
X Y Z .
Which letter in this series is the eighth letter to
the right of the letter which is tenth letter to
the left of the last but one letter of the series?
(A) A (B) X (C) C (D)W
14. How many meaningful English words can be
formed with the letters ESRO using each letter
only once in each word?
(A) NONE (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2
15.If in the word 'DISTURBANCE', the first letter
is interchanged with the last letter, the second
letter is interchanged with the tenth letter and
so on, which letter would come after the letter
T in the newly formed word ?
(A) S (B) I (C) N (D)T
16. If the first and second letters in the word
DEPRESSION' were interchanged, also the third
and the fourth letters, the fifth and the sixth
letters and so on, which of the following would
be the seventh letter from the right ?
(A) R (B)P (C)D (D)S

ALPHABET TEST 8
17. What should come next in the following
letter sequence?
A A B A B C A B C D A B C D E A B C D
(A)A (B)E (C)C (D)B
18. If the first half of the English alphabet is
reversed and then next portion of English
alphabet is reversed so as 'A' takes the portion
of 'M' and 'N' takes the portion of 'z' then which
letter will be 6th to the left of 17th letter to the
right of 7th letter from the left?
(A) U (B) V (C) C (D) D
19.From the word 'LAPAROSCOPY' how many
independent meaningful words can be made
without changing the order of the letters and
using each letter only once ?
(A) 3 (B)4 (C)2 (D)1
20.From the word 'ASTOUNDER', how many
independent words can be made with-out
changing the order of the letters and using each
letter only once ?
(A)1 (B)2 (C)3 (D)4
21.Arrange these words in alphabetical order
and tick the one that comes last
1. Abandon 2. Actuate 3. Accumulate
4. Acquit 5. Achieve
(A) Actuate (B) Abandon (C) Accumulate
(D) Achieve
22. S L U A Y J V E I O N Q G Z B D R H
What will come in place of question (?) mark in
the following series :
LA UJ YI EG ?
(A)QH (B) VN (C) FG (D)UV
23. How many pairs of letters are there in the
word 'HORIZON' which have as many letters
between them in the word as in the English
alphabet ?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) MORE THAN 3
24. If the first and second letters in the word
'MISFORTUNE' were interchanged, also the
third and the fourth letters, the fifth and the
sixth letters and so on, which letter would then
be the eighth letter counting to your left ?
(A) O (B) F (C) T (D) I
25.How many independent words can
'HEARTLESS' be divided into without changing
the order of the letters and using each letter
only once ?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
26.Arrange the following words will come in
middle if all of them are arranged alphabetically
as in a dictionary?
(A)SAVE (B) SAVIOUR
(C) SAVAGE (D) SAVOUR
27.How many meaningful English words can be
made from the letters EOPR using each letter
only once?
(A) NONE (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
28. If the sequence of the English alphabet is
reversed then which letter is 7th to the left of
second vowel from the right of English alphabet
in the new series?
(A) U (B) V (C) L (D) M
29.Q 2 3 B 9 V 5 L S R F P012
If one is subtracted from each of the numbers,
which of the following will be the fourth to the
right of the thirteenth from the right ?
(A)4 (B) 8 (C) 2 (D) 1
30. If the positions of the third and tenth letters
of the word 'DOCUMENTATION' are
interchanged, and likewise the position of the
fourth and seventh letters, the second and sixth
letters, is also interchanged, which of the
following will be eleventh letter from the right
end ?
(A) U (B) C (C) T (D)I

ALPHABET TEST 9
31. How many letters are there in the word
'CREATIVE' which have as many letters between
them in the word as in the alphabet ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
32. If the last four letters of the word
'CONCENTRATION' are written in reverse order
followed by next two in the reverse order and
next three in the reverse order and then
followed by the first four in the reverse order,
counting from the end, which letter would be
eighth in the new arrangement ?
(A) E (B) N (C) R (D) T
33. If the position of the first letter of English
alphabet is interchanged with the position of
the fourteenth letter, second letter with
fifteenth letter, and so on, in such a way that M
is interchanged with Z, then which of the
following letters will be 7th to the right of 13th
letter from the right?
(A) U (B) G (C) H (D) I
34. LAP BUT CAR SON HID
If the positions of the first and the third
alphabets of each of the words are
interchanged, which of the following would
form a meaningful word in the new
arrangement?
(A)HID (B) SON (C) LAP (D)
BOTH LAP AND BUT
35. Of the six members of a panel sitting in a
row X is to left of Q but on the right of P. Y is in
the right of Q but is on the left of Z, Z is to the
left of R. Find the members who are at the
extreme?
(A) QZ (B)PR (C) XY (D) AZ
36.C U B A E D E D A B E B A U C D B C A D B D U
B C A C B E D A
If all the A's are dropped from the above
arrangement, which of the following will be
eleventh from the left end of the above
arrangement?
(A)E (B) D (C) C (D)U
37. If it is possible to form a word with the first ,
fourth, seventh and eleventh letters in the word
"SUPERFLUOUS" write the first letter of that
word other wise x is the answer
(A) S (B) L (C) E (D) X
38.If it is possible to make a meaningful word
from the third, fifth, sixth, eighth and tenth
letters of the word PAROCHIALISM using each
letter only once, third letter of the word would
be your answer. If more than one such word
can be formed, your answer would be 'y' and if
no such word can be formed, answer is 'G'.
(A) Y (B) G (C) A (D) X
39.In the following Color sequence, R stands for
Red, Y for Yellow , G for Green, B for Blue and W
for white of the sequence is continued, which
color will come next?
B B R B R W B R W G B R W G Y B R B R W B R W
(A)White (B)Yellow (C)Red
(D)Green
40. How many pairs of letter are there in the
word 'BUCKET' which have as many letters
between them in the word as in the alphabet ?
(A)1 (B)3 (C) more than 3 (D) 2
41. I f the positions of the fifth and twelfth
letters of the word 'GLORIFICATIONS' are
interchanged; and likewise the position of the
fourth and fourteenth letters, the third and
tenth letters, the second and eleventh letters
and the first and thirteenth letters are
interchanged, which of the following will be
twelfth letter from the right end ?
(A) O (B)T (C) I (D) r
42. How many pairs of letters are there in the
word 'SEQUENTIAL' which have as many letters
between them as are in the alphabet ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
43. If all the letters in the word MERCIFUL are
rearranged in alphabetical order and
substituted by the alphabet preceding them in

ALPHABET TEST 10
the English alphabet. What will be the new
arrangement of letters?
(A) BDHEKLQT (B) BDEHKLQT
(C) BDEHLKQT (D) BDEJMLQT
44. Select the combination of numbers so that
the letters are arranged accordingly in the form
of meaningful word.
T R G B IH
1 2 3 4 5 6
(A)1, 3, 2, 4, 6, 5. (B) 4, 2, 5, 3, 6, 1
(C) 4, 3, 2, 6, 5, 1. (D) 4, 5, 2, 3, 6, 1.
the letters are arranged accordingly in the form
of meaningful word.
T L P N A E
12 3 4 5 6
(A)3,2,5,4,1,6 (B)3,2,5,4,6,1
(C) 4,5,3,6,2,1 (D) 4,6,1,3,5,2
the letters arranged accordingly in the form of
meaningful word
G N Y H U A T
4 1 7 5 3 2 6
(A)2, 1, 6, 4, 3, 5 7 (B)7, 6, 4, 3, 5, 1 2
(C)4, 2, 1, 6, 7, 3 5 (D)4, 3, 6, 5, 2, 1 7
47. R E 5 D A P $ 3 T I Q 7 9 B # 2 K % U 1 M W 4
* J 8 N
Which of the following is exactly in the middle
between 3 and 1 in the above arrangement?
(A)B (B) K (C) 9 (D) #
48. . How many pairs of letters are there in the
word 'EXCURSION' which have as many letters
between them as are in the alphabet series ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) more than 3
49. . How many pairs of letters are there in the
word 'CLEANLINESS' which have as many letters
between them as are in the alphabet series ?
(A) 6 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
50. How many digits in 83165 will be as far
away from the beginning as when arranged in
ascending order?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Direction Sense
In this topic we will discuss questions in which there are instructions regarding movement of a person or
object from a starting point to the end point .These questions are set to test the common sense of
directions and movements of the candidates. Movement directions may be instructed simply in left &
right form, according to directions or even in angles. We will discuss all the types as the chapter follows.
See the figures below carefully
(i) N
R
NW R NE
R R L
W E
R
R
S.W R SE
R
S
(ii)
A
AC=
C
B C
From the diagram (i) it is clear that there are 4 main directions North, East, South, West & the 4 sub-
directions :- North - East, South – East, North- West, South – West . We need to know these 8 directions
to answer the questions.
Angles : - As we can see ,angle between West & North is 90 . So angle between West & North – West
will be its half i.e 45 .Similarly, angle between West & North- East will be 135 & it will increase by 45
in each segment .
Movement : - From diagram (i) we can see that when we turn right it is always clock- wise & left is anti –
clock wise .
Diagrams (ii) represents Pythagoras theorem which we have all studied in class X . It is used to calculate
the distance from the starting point to the end point .
So, if we know the directions ,angles , how to turn left or right and how to use Pythagoras theorem, we
can solve any question of direction test in all the exams. Still, we have to keep certain points in mind
while solving these questions, which have been categorized as below for better understanding of the
topic:
Type 1:There is e differe e etwee i whi h dire tio is he fa i g ow & i whi h dire tio is
he fro the starti g poi t

Direction Sense 12
Eg: A person moves 50m towards East & then turn right & walk another 30 m to reach B .
The movement of the person will be as follows:
1. A 50m C
30 m ( always ensure to make diagram approximately proportional to
B the distances mentioned so as to get exact direction)
2. A 50m C
30m
B
If it is asked in which direction is he facing now, it will be South, as is clear from diagram 1.
As per figure 2,direction from the starting point will be South- East
Type 2: Total distance covered & displacement from starting point :
Taking same example as above. Total distance travelled will be 50m + 30 m = 80 m [ i.e. AC + CB]
Whereas displacement from starting point will be the straight distance from Point A to point B which
can be calculated by using Pythagoras theorem.
AC
=
=
= ( usually the options in the exams will be in form of last possible roots)
3:Multiple turns : - A man walks 10m towards East . He then takes 2 consecutive left turns covering 5,
and 10 m respectively in each turn & then turns right and goes 15 m. He again take two continuous left
turns covering 20-20 m each time and in the end turns right covering another 10m . In which direction is
he going now ?
20m
20m 15m 10m
10m
10m
10m
Answer: East
Type – 4 :Shadow based questions : - As we know , Sun rises in East & sets in West . The shadow is
always opposite to the Sun. From the diagram below, it is clear that in the morning ,if the shadow of a
person is towards his left, then he is facing North.
And if the shadow is towards right , he faces South . It is vice – versa in evening as the Sun is in the West.
Similarly , if a person is facing sun in the morning, on his left will be North & South towards his
right . It will be Vice – Versa in the evening.

Direction Sense 13
Evening
Practice questions:
1. Rohan walked 50 m towards East, took a right
turn and walked 30 m. Which direction is he
now from his starting position ?
(1) South-West (2) North-East
(3) North-West (4) South-East
(5) None of these
2. Pranav started walking straight facing West .
After walking some distance he took a left turn
and again after walking some distance he took a
left turn. Which direction is he facing now?
(1) West (2) North (3) East
(4) South (5)Cannot be determined
3 Nishtha lives to the North of Nihar who lives
to the West of Harry. Arun who lives to the
South of Nishtha has house in which direction
with respect to Harry ?
(1) North-West (2) North (3)South-West
(4) Cannot be determined (5)None of these
4. R is to the West of P.T is to the East of S.P is
to the North of S. T is in which direction with
reference to R ?
(1) West (2) East (3) North
(4) South (5) None of these
5. There are four towns P,Q,R & T. Q is to the
South-West of P, R is to the East of Q and
South-East of P, and T is to the North of R in line
with QP. In which direction of P is T located?
1) South-East 2) North 3)North-East
4) East 5) None of these.
6.. Kamal is facing South . Kunal is walking
towards him , stops, and turns to his right . He
sees Komal standing before him facing him.
Which direction Komal is facing ?
(1) West (2) South (3) East
(4) Date inadequate (5) None of these

Direction Sense 14
7. Ashok walked five metres towards North,
took a right turn and walked 10 metres and
again he took a right turn and walked 10 metres
and in the end turns left . Which direction is he
facing now ?
(1) South (2) West (3) North
(4) South-West (5) None of these
8. Karan walked 40 m towards North, took a left
turn and walked 20 m and again took a left turn
and walked 40 m. How far he is from his
starting position and in which direction ?
(1) 10 m North (2) 50 m South
(3) 20 m West. (4) 10 m South
(5) None of these
9. Sahil cycled 10 miles from point P towards
the East. He then took right turn and peddled 5
miles and taking another right turn cycled again
for another 5 miles. In which direction is point P
from where Sahil is standing now ?
(1) West (2) North-West
(3) North-East (4) Cannot be determined
(5) None of these
10. Amit walked 30 metres towards East, took a
right turn and walked 40 meters. Then he took a
left turn and walked 30 metres. In which
direction is he now from the starting point and
how far?
(1)50 m East (2) 10 m South-East
(3) 2013 m South East(4) 20 m North-East
(5) None of these
11. Kunal walks 10 kms towards North, from
here he goes 6 kms towards South. Then he
goes 3 kms towards East. How far and in which
direction is he from the starting point?
1) 5 km West 2) 5 km North-East
3) 7 km East 4) 7 km West
5) None of these.
12. A man goes 30 km to South and then
turning left he goes 20 km. Then turning to
North he goes 30 km. After this, turns to his left
and goes 40 km. How far is the from his starting
point?
(1) 10 km (2) 6 km (3)20 km
(4) 25 km (5) None of these
13. A boy walks northwards. After a while he
turns towards his right and a little further to his
left. Finally after walking a distance of one
kilometer, he turns to his left again. In which
direction he is moving now ?
(1) North (2) South (3) East
(4) West (5) None of these
14. From his office, Rakesh walks 10 km to the
East turns left walks 6 km and turns left and
walks another 14 km. Which direction is he
facing ?
(1) South (2) East (3) West
(4) North (5) None of these
15. One morning Meena started walking
towards the Sun. After walking a while she
turned towards her left and again towards her
left. After walking a while,. She turned left. In
which direction is she facing now ?
(1) West (2) South (3) North
(4) East (5) None of these
16. Mamta starts at point T, walks straight to
point U which is 4 ft away. She turns left and
walks to W which is again 4 ft away. Then turns
right to reach P by walking 3 ft, then turns right
and walks 1 ft to Q, turns left and goes to V
which is 1 feet away and in the end turns right
and goes to R, 3 ft away. What is the distance
between T and R?
1)4 ft 2) 5 ft 3) 7 ft 4) 8 ft
17. Raghu starts from his house in his car and
travels 8 km towards the North, then 6 km
towards East then 10 km towards his right, 4 km
towards his left. 10 km towards North and
finally 4 km towards his right. In which direction
is he now with reference to the starting point ?
(1) South (2) North-East (3)South East
(4) North (5) None of these

Direction Sense 15
18. A cyclist goes 30 km to North and then
turning to East he goes 40 km. Again he turns to
his right and goes 20 km. After this he turns to
his right and goes 40 km. How far is the from his
starting point ?
(1) 50 km (2) 10 km (3) 25 km
9.Aja walks k towards South of poi t P ,
turns to his right and walks 4 km. Turn to his
right and walk 10 km and then he turns to his
left and covers a distance of 5 km. How far is he
fro the poi t P ?
(1) 1 km (2) 9 km (3) 14 km
20. Raju is facing North. He goes 35 metres
ahead , turns left and walk 20 meters. He turns
right and covers 25 metres, then turns right to
cover 30 metres. In which direction is he
heading ?
21. Simran is facing South, she t0urns right and
walk 20 m, turn right again and walk 10 m. Then
she turns left and walk 10 m and then turning
right walk 20 m. In the end she again turns right
and walk 60 m. In which direction is she from
the starting point?
1) North 2) North-West 3) East
4) North-West 5) None of these
22.One evening, Sudhir Atul were standing
a k to ea h other. Atul s shadow fell o e a tl
left of Sudhir . In which direction was Atul facing
?.
23.In the evening Harry walks in some direction
then turns left and stops . His shadow is now on
his right side. In which direction did he start
walking ?
(1) South (2) East (3) North
24. Me and my friend are standing 100m apart.
We both started walking towards each other .
After walking 30m my friend turned left
walked further 10m and then turned right and
reaches the same road from which he started .
But I kept walking on the same road straight . If
we are walking with the same pace, how far are
we from each other at this point?
(1) 50 m (2) 20 m (3) 40 m (4) 30 m
(5) None of these
25. Rohit is walking towards West after going 10
m he turns left . He further walks 5 m and turns
45 R . In which direction is he going now?
(1) North-East (2) North-West
(3) South-West (4) South-East
26. A, B, C travels in different directions from a
common point and cover the same distance .
Now, the direction of B makes a perpendicular
on the line joining the present positions of A
C . If C is to the South-West of B, then, in which
direction is A from B ?
(1) N.E. (2) N-W (3) S-W
(4) S-E (5) None of these
27. Aman starts walking from his college, walks
10 km towards North, then he turns to his left
and walks 10 km. From there he takes a right
turn and walks 10 km. In which direction is he
facing now ?
(1) South (2) North (3) East
(Q:28-29). Sunil is going to a city X to attend a
meeting on the way , he realises that he is going
in wrong direction city X is just is the opposite

Direction Sense 16
direction which of the following set of turns he
should now take to go in opposite direction
(1) 45 , Left , Left , Right 45
(2) Left , 135 , 45 L, left Right
(3) Right, 45 , 45 Right, Left, Right
(4) 135 R, 45 L , 45 R, 45 Right
(5) None of these
29.(1) Right, Right, Left, 45 Left, 45 R
(2) Left , Right Left , Left 135 , 45 R
(3) 45 Right, Left, 135 L, 45 R
(4) Right Left Right Left Right
(5) None of these
30. Medha moves towards South-East for 7 km,
then moves towards North-West for 7 km and
finally moves towards North-West for 7 km and
finally moves a distance of 4 km East and stands
there. How far is the starting point from where
she stands now ?
(1) 3 km (2) 4 km (3) 7 km
31.. One morning , Madhu started walking with
her back towards the Sun. Then she turned
towards left , walked straight and then turned
towards right and then turned towards left.
Now in which direction is she facing ?
(1) South (2) North (3) East
32. Ganesh is standing at a point. He walks 20 m
towards the East and further 10 m towards the
South, Then he walks 35 m towards the West;
and further 5 m towards the East. What is the
straight distance in metres between his starting
point and the point where he reached last ?
(1) 20 m (2) 5 m (3) 10 m
(4) 35 m (5) None of these
33. A train moves at X km/hr towards West. At
the same speed wind is blowing towards North.
So in which direction approximately the smoke
of the train will go?
1) North – East 2) North-West
3) South 4)South–West
5) None of these
34. A train is going towards East and the wind is
coming from North, both at equal speeds. In
which direction will the smoke go
approximately?
1) South-East 2) East 3) North-East 4) South-
West 5) None of these
35. A train is coming from the South and wind is
blowing from East, in which direction will smoke
go, if the speeds of train and winds are equal?
1) North-West 2) South-West
3) North 4) South
36. A man goes towards East and on the way
turns left and goes in semi-circle around a big
rock and then turns left at right angles, in which
direction is he going now?
1) East 2) West 3)North
4) South 5) None of these
37. Mahesh leaves his home and walks 40 m
towards North-West, then 40m in South-West
and then walks 40 m in South –East. In which
direction should he move now to reach back to
his home?
1) North-East 2)North-West 3) South-East
3)South –West5) None of these
38. A man is practicing yoga with his head down
and legs up. His face is towards West, in which
direction will his left hand be?
1)North 2) South 3)East 4)West
39. Two cars start from the opposite places of a
main road, 150 km apart. First car runs for 25
km and takes a right turn and then runs 15 km.
It then turns left and then runs for another 25
km and then takes the direction back to reach
the main road. In the mean time, due to minor
break down the other car has run only 35 km
along the main road. What would be the
distance between two cars at this point?
1) 65 km 2) 75 km 3) 80 km 4)85 km

Direction Sense 17
40. A boy rode his bicycle Northward, then
turned left and rode 1 km and again turned left
and rode 2 km. He found himself 1 km west of
his starting point. How far did he ride
northward initially?
1) 1 km 2) 2 km 3) 3 km 4) 5km
(41 - 42 ). Dev, Kumar, Nilesh, Ankur and Pintu
are standing facing to the North in a playground
such as given below:
1. Kumar is at 40 m to the right of Ankur.
2. Dev is are 60 m in the south of Kumar.
3. Nilesh is at a distance of 25 m in the
west of Ankur.
4. Pintu is at a distance of 90 m in the
North of Dev.
41. Which one is in the North-East of the
person who is to the left of Kumar?
1) Dev 2) Nilesh
3) Ankur 4)Pintu
42. If a boy starting from Nilesh, met to
Ankur and then to Kumar and after this he
to Dev and then to Pintu and whole the
time he walked in a straight line, then how
much total distance did he cover?
1) 215 m 2) 155m 3) 245 m 4) 185 m
(42 – 45). Directions to Solve
Each of the following questions is based on the
following information:
1. A # B means B is at 1 metre to the right
of A.
2. A $ B means B is at 1 metre to the
North of A.
3. A * B means B is at 1 metre to the left
of A.
4. A @ B means B is at 1 metre to the
south of A.
5. In each question first person from the
left is facing North.
43. According to X @ B * P, P is in which
direction with respect to X?
1)North2) South 3)North – East 4)South
– West
44. According to M # N $ T, T is in which
direction with respect to M?
1) North West 2) North – East
3) South-West 4) South – East
45. According to P # R $ A * U, in which
direction is U with respect to P?
1) East 2)West
3)North 4)South
46. If a boy moves from his house to his school
that is 20m from his home towards south. He
goes in the north direction thinking it south
direction and walks for 20 m, until he realizes
his mistake. How much more distance and in
which direction he must walk in order to reach
the actual destination?
1) 40 m in South-East 2) 20 m in South
3) 40 m in South 4) 60 m in North
Direction: Q(47-50) There are 5 friends A, B, C,
D and E standing randomly. B is to the
northeast of E. D is 2km to the east of E, who is
6km to the west of A. C is to the northwest of D
and in the line of EB. D is 4km the south of B.
In which direction is C with respect to A ?
1).South west 2).South east
3)Northeast 4).Northwest
5).None of these
47. In which direction is A with respect to B ?
1)Southeast 2)Southwest
3)Northwest 4)Northeast
5)None of these
48. What is the distance between D and A ?
1)5km 2)4km 3)6km 4)3km
5)None of these
49. What is the shortest distance between B
and A?
) √ k ) √ k ) √ k
) √ k 5)None of these
50. What is the shortest distance between
between B and E?
1) √ k ) √ k ) √ k
) √ k 5)None of these
51. Deepti started from point A in south
direction. After walking for 4 m she turned to

Direction Sense 18
her right and walked 5 m. Now she turned to
her left and walked 3 m after which she turned
to her right. Now she walked 4 m and turned to
her right again and walked 15 m. Now finally
she turned to her right and after walking for 7
m, she stopped at point B. What is the distance
AB?
) √ 2)34 m ) √
) √ 5)None of these
52. Riya started from her home to office. She
started in east direction. After walking for 4 m
she turned to her left and walked 8 m, now she
turned left and walked 2 m. After this she
turned to right walked 4 m. Now after turning
to her right she walked 13 m and reached
office. Find the shortest distance between her
office and home.
1)87 m )9√ 3)26 m
) √ 5)None of these
53. Rohit walked 20 m towards north. Then he
turned right and walks 30 m. Then he turns
right and walks 35 m. Then he turns left and
walks 15 m. Finally he turns left and walks 15 m.
In which direction and how many meters is he
from the starting position?
1)15 m West 2) 30 m East
3)45 m East 4) 30 m West

Insert the Missing Character
In all the following questions, a matrix of certain characters is given. These characters follow a
certain trend, row-wise or column-wise. Find out this trend and choose the missing character
accordingly.
Practice questions:
1.
18 24 32
12 14 16
3 ? 4
72 112 128
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
2.
A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9
3.
A. 18 B. 23 C. 24 D. 27
4.
4 5 6
2 3 7
1 8 3
21 98 ?
A. 94 B. 76 C. 73 D. 16
5.
5 6 7
3 4 5
9 10 11
345 460 ?
A. 535 B.575 C. 755 D. 775
6.
6 6 8
5 7 5
4 3 ?
120 126 320
A. 4B. 8C. 12D. 16
7.
13 12 5
17 15 8
25 24 ?
29 21 20
A. 7 B. 9 C. 11 D. 15
8.
6 9 15
81220
4 6 ?
A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 21
9.
6 1125
8 6 16
12 5 ?
A. 18 B. 16 C. 12 D. 10
10.
1 3 7
5 12 14
25 ? 28
12519256
A. 64 B. 56 C. 48 D. 40
11.
.
A. Q B. P C. R D. S
12.
A. 2280B. 2180 C.2360 D. 2260
3 6 8
5 8 4
4 7 ?
28 60 48
5 6 7
17 30 27
7 ? 16

Insert the Missing Character 20
13.
1 7 9
2 14 ?
3 105 117
A. 26 B. 20 C. 16 D. 12
14.
A. 25 B. 30 C. 35 D. 40
15.
A. 136 B. 139 C. 146 D.152
16.
A. 25 B. 15 C. 5 D. 10
17.
A. 5 B. 1 C. 8 D.9
18.
A. 25 B. 27 C. 32 D. 37
19.
A. 7 B. 9 C. 11 D. 15
20.
A. 15 B. 18 C. 19 D. 20

Input output
The questions based on Input-Output are being the easiest topic in reasoning aptitude.
The questions based on Input-Output aims to judge how quickly one can identify the rule applied
in the arrangement of given Input Line of words or numbers cited as sample.
In these type of question students are need to find out the specific pattern in the given
arrangement and then determine the desired output step.
These problems are not very difficult but they are time consuming if individual is not aware of
the short tricks.
Students can attain expertise in this type of questions through adequate practice.
In the topic of input output there are primarily four types of operation that can be asked in a
particular question. The four operations are as follows:
1. Ordering input according to given criteria, e.g. alphabetically, in increasing/decreasing order
etc.
2. Mathematical Manipulations on the output which would in this case obviously be numerical.
The operations could be doubling, squaring, adding.
3. Shifting or Interchanging positions of characters/alphabets/words etc., in the input
a o di g to uestio s e.g. shift st ha a te to last o i te ha ge st & last et .
4. Others like making an alphabet capital, replacing alphabet by corresponding number
etc.
So, which out of these is being used can be decided as:
If words (of the input) do not change in the output after an operation, the operations is
either reordering or shifting. In this case check for rearrangement first, if it is not the
operations performed then check for shifting next.
If words (of the input) do change in the output, the operation is either Mathematical (if
numbers are used) or fall into category of other operations (if alphanumeric data is used).
Example 1:
A computer rearranges a particular input using some operations 01, 02, 03, and 04.
Input : I have long waited for your arrival.
Step 01: arrival long have waited for your I
Step 02: long arrival waited have for I your
Step 03: Your waited arrival have for I long
Step 04: Waited your have arrival for long I
Q)If step gi es I k o you ill ot o e a k hat step ill ha e you a k I o e
ot ill k o ?
Solution:
Since words remain unchanged here, so this is case of either rearrangement or shifting.
So, let us number each word
I = 1, have = 2, long = 3, waited = 4, for = 5, your = 6, arrival = 7
Input: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Step 01: 7 3 2 4 5 6 1
Step 02: 3 7 4 2 5 1 6
Step 03: 6 4 7 2 5 1 3

Input - Output 22
Since after two steps operations again repeat and hence you can guess the 5th, 6th, 7th steps.
Step 04: I know you will not come back
Step 05: back you know will not come I
Step 06: You back will know not I come
Step 07: Come will back know not I you
Step 08: Will come know back not you I
Step 09: I know come back not you will
Step 10: Know I back come not will you
Step 11: You back I come not will know
Hence step 11 is the answer.
Step 04: 4 6 2 7 5 3 1
So, the logic being following is as follows:-
Step 01 = Swap 1st & last; 2nd & 3rd
Step 02 = Swap 1st & 2nd, last two & 3rd and 4th
Step 03 = Swap 1st & last, 2nd & 3rd.
Step 04 = 1st & 2nd, last two, & 3rd and 4th.
Practice questions:
Directions (Q. 1 – 5 ) : Study the following information carefully and answer the questions
given below :
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and number
rearranges them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and
rearrangement :
Input : gain 96 63 forest 38 78 deep house
Step I :deep gain 96 63 forest 38 78 house
Step II :deep 38 rain 96 63 forest 78 house
Step III: deep 38 forest gain 96 63 78 house
Step IV:deep 38 forest 63 gain 96 78 house
Step V : deep 38 house 63 gain 78 96 house
Step VI :deep 38 forest 63 gain 78 house 96
And Step VI is the last step of the rearrangement of the above input .
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the following questions the
appropriate step for the given input.
1. Input : train 59 47 25 over burden 63 sky
Which of the following steps will be the last but one ?
(a) VI (b) V (c) IV (d) VII (e) None of these
2. Input : service 46 58 96 over there desk 15
Which of the following will be step VI ?
(a) desk 15 over service 46 58 96 there
(b) desk 15 over 46 service there 58 96
(c) desk 15 over 46 service 58 there 96
(d) desk 15 over 46 service 58 96 there
(e) There will be no such step.

Input - Output 23
3. Step II of an input is : below 12 93 house floor 69 57 task
Which of the following will definitely be the input ?
(a) 93 house 89 57 below task floor 12
(b) 93 house below 69 57 task floor 12
(c) 93 house floor 69 57 task below 12
(d) Cannot be determined
(e) None of these
4. Step III of an input is : art 24 day 83 71 54 star power
Which of the following steps will be the last
(a)V (b) VIII (c)IX (d) VII (e) None of these
5. Step II of an input is : Cold 17 wave 69 never desk 52 43
How many more steps will be required to complete the rearrangement
(a) Six (b) Five (c) Four (d) Three (e) None of these
Direction for Q6 to Q11:
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers, rearranges them
following a particular rule in each step. The following is the illustration of input and rearrangement.
Input: by Now 25 72 sight 37 15 home
Step I: sight By now 25 72 37 15 home
Step II: sight 15 by now 25 72 37 home
Step III: sight 15 now by 25 72 37 home
Step IV: sight 15 now 25 by 72 37 home
Step V: sight 15 now 25 home by 72 37
Step VI: sight 15 now 25 home 37 by 72
And Step VI is the last step of the rearrangement.
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the following questions the appropriate step
for the given input.
Input : ask For me 49 32 64 and 24
6.Which of the following will be Step III for the above input?
(a) me 24 ask For 49 32 64 And
(b) me 24 for Ask 49 32 64 And
(c) me 24 for 32 ask 49 64 And
(d) me 24 for 32 ask 49 And 64
Input : go now and Come 72 34 57 25
7.How many steps will be required to complete the rearrangement?
(a) Four (b) Five (c) Six (d) Seven
8.Step III of an input is : yellow 12 tire 92 84 36 goal life
How many more steps will be required to complete the rearrangement?
(a) Three (b) Four (c) Five (d) Six
9.Step IV of an input is : now 17 mother 23 can know 47 31
How many more steps will be required to complete the rearrangement?
(a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d) Five
10.Step II of an input is : victory 19 22 34 age bear high 24

Input - Output 24
Which of the following will be Step VII?
(a) There will be no Step VII (c) victory 19 high 22 bear 34 age 24
(b) victory 19 high 22 34 age bear 24 (d) victory 19 high 22 bear 24 34 age
Direction for Q11 to Q13: Study the following information to answer the questions given below.
A number arrangement machine when given an input of numbers rearranges them following a particular rule in
each step. The following is an illustration of input and steps of rearrangement.
Input : 48 245 182 26 99 542 378 297
Step I : 542 48 245 182 26 99 378 297
Step II : 542 26 48 245 182 99 378 297
Step III : 542 26 378 48 245 182 99 297
Step IV : 542 26 378 48 297 245 182 99
Step V : 542 26 378 48 297 99 245 182
This is the final arrangement and step 5 is the last step for this input.
11.What will be the fourth step for an input whose second step is given below?
Step II 765 42 183 289 542 65 110 350
(a) 765 42 542 65 183 289 110 350
(b) 765 42 542 350 183 289 65 110
(c) 765 42 542 65 110 183 289 350
12.How many steps will be required to get the final output from the following input?
Input 39 88 162 450 386 72 29
(a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d) None of these
.If the fi st step of a i put is , the hi h of the follo i g steps ill e
?
(a) Second (b) Third (c) Fourth (d) Fifth
Direction for Q14 to Q17: Study the following information carefully to answer these questions:
A number sorting machine when given an input of numbers, rearranges them in a particular manner step-by-
step as indicated below till all the numbers are arranged. Given below is an illustration of this arrangement.
Input : 39 121 48 18 76 112 14 45 63 96
Step I : 14 39 121 48 18 76 112 45 63 96
Step II : 14 39 48 18 76 112 45 63 96 121
Step III : 14 18 39 48 76 112 45 63 96 121
Step IV : 14 18 39 48 76 45 63 96 112 121
Step V : 14 18 39 45 48 76 63 96 112 121
Step VI : 14 18 39 45 48 63 76 96 112 121
And step VI is the last step for this input.
14.What will be Step III for the following input?
Input : 68 182 39 93 129 46 21 58
(a) 21 39 68 129 93 46 58 182 (b) 21 39 68 93 129 46 58 182
(c) 21 68 39 93 129 46 58 182 (d)None of these
15.Given below is the fifth step of an input. What will be the third step?
Step V : 17 32 43 82 69 93 49 56 99 106
(a) 17 32 82 43 69 93 49 56 99 106 (b) 17 32 82 69 43 93 49 56 99 106

Input - Output 25
(c) 32 82 69 93 43 49 56 99 106 (d) Cannot be determined
16.What will be the last step for the following input?
Input : 138 63 49 93 89 122 32 71
(a) 32 49 63 71 89 93 122 138 b) 32 49 71 63 89 93 122 138
(c) 32 49 63 71 93 89 122 138 (d) Cannot be determined
17.How many steps will be required for getting the final output for the following input?
Input : 101 85 66 49 73 39 142 25 115 74
(a) Five (b) Six (c) Seven (d) Eight
Directions Q18 to Q20:
A word arrangement machine when given an input line of words, rearranges them following a particular rule
in each step. The following is an illustration of the input and the steps of rearrangement
Input : but going for crept te light sir
Step I : Crept but going for te light sir
Step II : Crept going light but for te sir
Step III : Crept going light but for sir te
Step III is the last step for this input
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in the given questions the appropriate step for the given
input
18. If the i put is t ue se eto e uke y like , hi h of the following will be step IV?
(a) Like nuke true veto be se my
(b) be my like se true veto nuke
(c) be my se like true veto nuke
(d) Veto true nuke like so be my
19. Input : more fight cats cough sough acts idea
Which of the following steps would be the last step for this input?
(a) III (b) IV (c) V (d) VI
20. If the se o d step of a i put is le e e a d i do sales at h tige e e , hi h of the follo i g ill
be its sixth step?
(a) window remand clever sales batch tiger never
(b) clever remand window batch sales tiger never
(c) batch never sales tiger clever remand window
(d) It cannot have sixth step
Direction for Q22 to Q24: Read the following information carefully to answer the given questions:
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers,
rearranges them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and
rearrangement.
Input : goal 63 57 home five task 82 17
Step I : 82 goal 63 57 home five task 17
Step II : 82 five Goal 63 57 home task 17
Step III : 82 five 63 goal home task 17

Input - Output 26
Step IV : 82 five 63 goal home 17 Task
And step IV is the last output.
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the following questions the
appropriate step for the given input.
22. (A) Input : host 15 32 page 43 over mother 92
Which of the following steps will be the last but one?
(a) IV (b) V (c) VI (d) VII
22. (B) Step II of an input is : 67 cat 12 25 dog fight man 42
Which of the following will be Step V?
(a) 67 cat 42 dog 25 fight 12 man (b) 67 cat 42 dog 25 12 fight man
(c) 67 cat 42 dog 25 fight 12 man (d) None of these
23. If step II of an input is "cut 97 38 end for 29 46 down", which of the following will be the last step?
(a) V b) VI C) IV d) None
24. Step III of an input is : 81 boat 73 wheel spike dancer 32 59
How many more steps are required to complete the rearrangement?
(a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d) Five
(25 – 29):An electronic device rearranges numbers step –by-step in a particular order according to a set of
rules. The device stops when the final result is obtained .In this case the device stops at step V.
Input : 85 16 36 04 19 97 63 09
Step I : 97 85 16 36 04 19 63 09
Step II: 97 85 63 16 36 04 19 09
Step III: 97 85 63 36 16 04 19 09
Step IV: 97 85 63 36 19 16 04 09
Step V: 97 85 63 36 19 16 09 04
Study the above arrangement carefully and then answer the following questions.
25. Which of the following will be Step III for the given input ?
Input :- 09 25 16 30 32 19 17 06
(a) 32 30 25 09 16 18 17 06 (c) 32 09 25 16 30 18 17 06
(b) 32 30 09 25 16 18 17 06 (d) 32 30 09 25 16 19 17 06
26.Which is the last step for the input below?
Input: 16 09 25 27 06 05
(a) Step II (b) Step III (c) Step IV (d) None of these
27.What is the output of step V for the input below?
Input: 25 08 35 11 88 67 23
(a) 08 11 23 25 35 67 88 (b) 88 67 35 25 23 11 08 (c) 88 67 35 25 23 08 11
(d) None of these
28.Which one of the following would be the last step for the input below?
Input: 03 31 43 22 11 09
(a) Step II (b) Step III (c) Step IV (d) None of these
29.If the output of step IV is as given below, What was the input?

Input - Output 27
Step IV: 92 86 71 69 15 19 06 63 58
(a) 15 19 06 63 58 86 92 69 71 (b) 15 86 19 22 06 69 63 58 71 (c) 86 92 69 71 15 19 06 63
58 (d) Cannot be determined
(30-34)Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below –
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of word and numbers rearranges
them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of an input and
rearrangement .
Input : 17 put show on 39 27 85 gold
Step I: Show 17 put on 39 27 85 gold
Step II: Show 85. 17 put on 39 27 gold
Step III : Show 85 put 17 39 on 27 gold
Step IV : Show 85 put 39 17 on 27 gold
Step V: Show 85 put 39 on 27 17 gold
Step VI : Show 85 put 39 on 27 17 gold
Step VII: Show 85 put 39 on 27 gold 17
and step VII is the last step of the rearrangement of the above input
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the following questions the appropriate
step for the given input .
30.Input : glass full 15 37 water now 85 67
Which of the following will be step VI of the above input ?
(a) water 85 now 67 full glass 15 37
(b) water 85 now 67 glass full 15 37
(c) water 85 now 67 glass 37 full 15
(d) There will be no such step
(e) None of these
31.Step II of an input is : ultra 73 12 16 mail sort 39 kite
Which of the following steps will be the last but one ?
(a) VIII (b) IX (c) VII (d) VI (e) None of these
32.Step III of an input is : win 75 voice 15 39 store gap 26
Which of the following is definitely the input
(a) Voice 15 win 75 39 store gap 26
(b) Voice win 75 15 39 store gap 26
(c) 15 75 win voice store gap 26
(e) None of these
33.Step II of an input is : tube 83 49 34 garden flower rat 56
How many steps will be required to complete the rearrangement ?
(a) Four (b) Five (c) Six (d) Three (e) None of these

Input - Output 28
34.Input : hunt for 94 37 good 39 48 book
How many steps will be required to complete the rearrangement
(a) Four (b) Five (c) Six (d) Seven (d) None of these
(35-38) )Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below –
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of word and numbers rearranges
them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of an input and
rearrangement
Input: why is 25 bigger than 14 but smaller than 32
Step 1:than 14 why is 25 bigger but smaller than 32
Step 2: than 14 is 25 why bigger but smaller than 32
Step 3: than 14 is 25 than 32 why bigger but smaller
Step 4: than 14 is 25 than32 why smaller bigger but
Step 5: than 14 is 25 than32 why smaller but bigger
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the following questions the appropriate
step for the given input .
Input: any number less than 30 and more than 20 does not equal 40
35. Which step number would be the following input?
than 20 any number less than 30 and more does not equal 40
(a) III (b) IV (c) V (d) VI (e) None of these
36. How many steps would be needed to complete the arrangement?
(a) X(b)VIII (c) IX (d) VII (e) None of these
37. Which of the following will be Step IV?
(a) than 20 than 30 equal 40 any number less and more does not
(b)than 20 any number less than 30 and more does not equal 40
(c)20 30 40 than equal number any less and more does not
(d)20 than 30 than 40 equal number any less and more does not
(e) None of these
38. Which of the following would be Step II?
(a) 2o than 30 than any number less and more does not equal 40
(b) than 20 than 30 equal 40 any numberless and more does not
(c) than 20 than 30 any number less and more does not equal 40
(d) than 20 than 30 any number less and does more not equal 40
(e) None of these
39. Which word/number would be on the 8th
position from left side in Step V?
(a) any (b) not (c) 40 (d) number (e) None of these

Course of Action:
These questions are a bit different from conventional reasoning type questions. The main feature of
these types of questions is that they are designed in such a way that the Decision Making Ability of
the candidates can be scrutinized. In simple words, these questions test your ability to judge a
problem and thus find a suitable course of action for it.
You have to read the statement, analyse it and identify its cause and thus finally deciding an apt
action that should be taken at that situation. Course of Action should be practical and relate with the
realistic aspect of life. It has 2 parts:
Part 1: Statement
As the name suggests, there will be a statement. The statement in itself will signify the problem. You
have to read the statement and understand the underlying problem in it.
Part 2: Course of Action
Course of Action is a decision that you suggest in reference to the problem stated in the statement.
Types of Questions asked
If we analyse the questions asked in the examinations till now, we can classify the question into two
patterns or types.
1. Problem and Solution based:
In these types of problems, the prescribed course of action can be followed only when it satisfies
two criteria. Firstly it solves (or considerably reduces) that problem and Secondly it is practically
possible in the real world.
The statement given in the Question talks of a problem and the prescribed course of action talk of its
solution. We have to keep in mind that a prescribed course of action that solves the problem, but is
not practically possible is of no use and must definitely be rejected.
Example:
Directions: In each question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action
numbered I and II. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken for
improvement, follow up, or further action in regard to the problem, policy etc. On the basis of the
information given in the statement. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, and
then decide which of the two given suggested courses of action logically follows for pursuing.
Give answer:
(a) If only I follows
(b) If only II follows
(c) If either I or II follows
(d) If neither I nor II follows
(e) If both I and II follow
Statement:
A large number of people in Rampur city are diagnosed to be suffering from a dengue.
Courses of Action:
I. The city municipal authority should take immediate steps to carry out extensive fumigation in
Rampur.
II. The citizens of Rampur should be advised to take proper steps to prevent mosquito bites.
Answer
Clearly,
I. Elimination of mosquitoes II. Prevention from mosquitoes
Both the two Courses of Action will prevent dengue and reduce the problem. So, both the courses
follow and answer is option (e)
2. Fact and Improvement based: In these types of problems, the prescribed course of action can be
followed only when it satisfies two criteria. Firstly it identifies whether the fact or situation will

Course of Action 30
improve due to the course of action mentioned. Secondly it is practically possible in the real world
.The statement given in the Question talks of a simple fact (not a problem, just a situation) and the
prescribed course of action suggest ways of improvement
Example:
Statement:
The teenager was arrested by police for taking drugs
Courses of Action:
I. The teenager should be imposed with a fine of 50000 Rupees..
II. The teenager should be sent to a drug rehabilitation centre
Answer: Clearly,
I. Imposing fine is not an assurance that teenager will stop drugs.
II. Sending to rehabilitation centre is the right action
So, only second follows and answer is option (b)
Hints to solve Course of Action based Questions
1. Always go for impartial and personal thinking.
2. Make decisions in sync with the way the system and public departments function
3. Our decisions and views should be impartial and act according to the rules of any organization.
4. Do t ake your i di idual per eptio .
5. Try to find the cause of the problem
6. Extreme or strict action is not valid course of action.
7. The actions should always be a positive.
8. It should solve the problem rather than complicating it.
9. You can analyse the course of action whether it is a Universal truth, Personal experience or a
defined Logic Check out for practical course of action.
10. If in any situation, more than one course of action are possible (but are dependent on each
other), the your a s er should al ays e oth follo a d ot either of the follo s .
Practice questions:
1. Statement: The meteorological department
has issued a notification forecasting less
rainfall during next year's monsoon.
Courses of action: I. The farmers should be
advised to be ready for the eventuality.
II. The government should make arrangement
to provide water to the affected areas.
2. Statement :There is an unprecedented
increase in migration of villagers to urban
areas as repeated crop failure has put them
into precarious financial situation.
Courses of action: I. The villagers Should be
provided with alternate source of income in
their villages which will make them stay put
II. The migrated villagers should be provided
with jobs in the urban areas to help them
survive.
3. Statement: Due to inadequate rainfall this
monsoon there is a sharp decline in food grain
production.
Courses of action: I. The government should
increase the procurement price of food grains
to support farmers
II. The government should subsidies further
the prices of seeds and fertilizers for the next
season.
4. Statement: Majority of the students in many
schools do not pass in the final examination.
Courses of action: I. These schools should be
dosed down as these have become
unproductive.

Course of Action 31
II. The teachers of these schools should
immediately be retrenched.
5. Statement: The alert villagers collectively
caught a group of dreaded dacoits armed with
murderous weapons.
Courses of action :I. The villagers should be
provided sophisticated weapons
II. The villagers should be rewarded for their
courage and unity.
6. Statement: While laying pipes for one of the
utility companies a huge fire broke out due to
damage done to the pipeline.
Courses of action: I. At the licenses of the
utility company should immediately be
suspended pending enquiry into the
incidence.
II. People residing in the area should be
advised .to stay indoors to avoid burn injuries.
7. Statement: There have been a large number
of cases of Internet hacking in the recent
months, creating panic among the Internet
users.
Course of action: I. The government
machinery should make an al-out effort to
nab those who are responsible and put them
behind bars
II. The Internet users should be advised to
stay away from using Internet till the culprits
are caught.
8. Statement: After an inadequate monsoon last
year the meteorological department has
forecast scanty monsoon this year as well.
immediately set up a water authority for
proper management of water resources.
II. The water supply authorities should be
asked to implement reduction in regular
water supply to tackle the situation.
9. Statement: As many as ten coaches of a
passenger train have been derailed and have
blocked both pairs of the railway tracks.
Courses of action: I. The railway authorities
should immediately send men and equipment
to the spot to clear the railway tracks.
II. All the trains running in both directions
should be diverted to other routes.
10. Statements: There has been a significant drop
in the water level of all the lakes supplying
water to the city.
Courses of action: I. The water supply
authority should impose a partial cut in supply
to tackle the situation.
II. The government should appeal to all the
residents through mass media for minimal use
of water.
11. Statement: A very large number of students
have failed in the final high school
examination due to faulty questions in one of
the subjects.
Courses of action: I. All the student who have
failed in that subject should be allowed to
take supplementary examination.
II. As those who we responsible for the error
should be suspended and an enquiry should
be initiated to find out the facts.
12. Statement:- The vices of food grains and
vegetables have substantially increased due
to a prolonged strike call given by the truck
owners association.
Course of action: I. The government should
immediately make arrangement to ensure
adequate supply of food grains and
vegetables in the market
II. The government should take steps to cancel
the licenses of all the vehicles belonging to
the association.
13. Statement: A large number of people visiting
I dia fro ou try X ha e ee tested
positive for carrying viruses of a killer disease.
Courses of action: I. The government of India
should immediately put a complete ban on
People coming to India from country 'X'
including those Indians who are settled in
country 'X'

Course of Action 32
II. The government of India should
immediately set up detection centres at all its
airports and Seaports to identify and
quarantine those who are tested Positive.
14. Statement: There has been an unprecedented
increase to the number of requests for berths
in most of the long distance trains during the
current holiday seasons.
Courses of action: I. The railways authority
should immediately increase the capacity in
each of these trains by attaching additional
coaches.
II. The people seeking accommodation should
be advised to make their travel plan after the
holiday
15. Statement: Duo to substantial reduction in
fares by different airline services. A large
number of passengers, so far travelling by
upper classes in trans. have switched over to
airline services.
Courses of action: I. The railways should
immediately reduce the fare structure of the
upper classes substantially to retain its
passengers.
II. The railways should reduce the capacity of
upper classes in at the trains to amid loss.
16. Statement : The government has decided to
withdraw all the financial assistance it has
been providing to the institutes of higher
learning and urged them to become self-
sufficient
Courses of action: I. these institutes should
increase the number of seats substantially so
as to enable them to meet the shortfall.
II. These institutes should rationalize the fee
structure and also offer consultancy services
to meet the shortfall.
17. Statement: Most of those who study in
premier engineering colleges in India migrate
to developed nations for better prospects in
their professional penults.
Courses of action: I. All the students joining
these colleges should be asked to sign a bond
at the time of admission to the effect that
they will remain in India at least for ten years
after they complete education.
II. An those students who desire to settle in
the developed nations should be asked to pay
the entire cost of their education-which the
government subsidies.
18. Statement: A large number of people are
expected to gather at the holy site at the end
of this month and this may put strain on civic
amenities.
Courses of action: I. The civic authority should
monitor the crowd and restrict entry of the
devotees beyond a manageable number.
II. The local police authority should be put on
high alert to maintain law and order during
the congregation.
19. Statement: There has been unprecedented
increase in the Prices of essential
commodities during the past few days due to
the strike call given by the transporters
association.
immediately deploy all the govt. vehicles for
movement of essential commodities tide over
the crisis.
II. The transporters association should be
persuaded to withdraw their strike call to
bring normalcy to the Supply of essential
commodities.
20. Statement: There have been many instances
of dacoity and looting in many passenger
trains this year.
Course of action: I. The railway authority
should immediately deploy one policeman in
each compartment in all the passenger trains.
II. The passengers travelling by train should be
given training on how to tackle wish the
dacoits and looters.

Course of Action 33
21. Statement : Ministry of Tourism in its one of
the reports revealed that due to recent social
disturbances in the country, the number of
foreign tourists has decreased considerably,
which resulted in a financial loss of Rs.100
crore.
Courses of Action: I. The Government should
provide financial support to the tourism
sector.
II. Foreign tourists should be informed that
they visit the country at their risk.
22. Statement: The rates of interest on Post
Office recurring deposit accounts have been
increased with effect from 1st Oct. This has
been done to attract more deposits.
Courses of Action: I. Efforts should also be
made to make the public aware about this
increase in the rate of interest.
II. If the deposits do t i rease in next six
months, the rate of interest should be further
increased.
23. Statement: Every year, at the beginning or at
the end of the Monsoon, we have some cases
of conjunctivitis, but this year, it seems to be
a major epidemic, witnessed after nearly four
years.
Courses of Action: I. Precautionary measures
should be taken after every four years to
check the epidemic.
II. People should be advised to drink boiled
water during the Monsoon season.
24. Statement: Huge amount of resources are
required to develop tourist places in a country
like India, which is endowed with vast
coastlines, rivers, forests, temples etc.
Courses of Action:
I. More tourist resorts along the coastlines
only should be started.
II. The tourist potential of India should be
exploited.
25. Statement: Although the India economy is still
heavily dependent on agriculture, its share in
global agricultural trade is less than the share
of agricultural exports to total exports.
Courses of Action: I. Efforts should be made to
increase our agricultural production.
II. The exports of non-agricultural
commodities should be reduced.
26. Statement: The committee has criticized the
institute for its failure to implement a dozen
of regular programmes despite an increase in
the staff strength and not drawing up a firm
action plan for studies and researches.
Courses of Action: I. The broad objectives of
the institute should be redefined to
implement a practical action plan.
II. The institute should give a report on
reasons for not having implemented the
planned programmes.
27. Statement: Reports of steep and continued
decline in the inflows into the Gobindsagar
reservoir of the Bhakra Dam, coupled with a
depleted stock of steam coal with the thermal
power plants in the North, may lead to a
serious power crisis in the region.
Courses of Action: I. The supply of steam coal
to the thermal power plants needs to be
immediately stepped up by the Government.
II. The Government should set up hydraulic
power plants on other rivers in the region.
28. Statement : The experts group on Technical
Education has stressed that Computer
Education should be provided to children
from primary school itself. It should be
implemented in urban and rural schools,
simultaneously.
Courses of Action: I. Government should issue
instructions to all schools for Computer
Education.
II. At least one teacher of each school should
be trained in Computer operations for
teaching children.
29. Statement: The Chairman stressed the need
for making education system more flexible

Course of Action 34
and regretted that the curriculum has not
been revised in keeping with the pace of the
changes taking place.
Courses of Action: I. Curriculum should be
reviewed and revised periodically.
II. System of education should be made more
flexible
30. Statement: Export volumes have increased
substantially over the past decade causing
backlogs and difficulties for air cargo agents
because of increased demand for space and
service.
Courses of Action: I. Airlines and air cargo
agents should jointly work out a solution to
combat the problem.
II. The reasons for the increase in the volume
of air export should be found out.
31. Statement: There is no motivation among
today s ge eratio to joi the ar ed for es
owing to frequent transfers to risky areas.
Perhaps they are not aware of the good side
of it.
Courses of Action: I. Short term internship
should be introduced at high school level to
give students a peek into the adventurous life
of the forces and provide a more realistic job
purview.
II. The salary levels of the defence forces-
should be increased with immediate effect.
32. According to a recent report, almost 90%
students from a premier college in India end
up settling in foreign countries for nearly
thrice the salary drawn in India.
Courses of Action: I. Indian organizations
should pay salaries to students from this
college which are at par with the foreign
organizations.
II. Signing of a bond which prevents them
from taking a job in any foreign country
should be made mandatory by the
government.
33. Number of hospital beds per 1000 people in
India, which is a key indicator of healthcare
infrastructure, is much lower than many other
nations which are thought to be poorer than
India.
Courses of Action:
I. The expenditure of importing costly
medicines should be borne by the State.
II. Incentives should be given to encourage
entry of private players into building of
healthcare infrastructure.
34. Nearly 26 per cent of all engineering
graduated have been left unemployed owing
to severe recession worldwide.
Courses of Action:
I. All the unemployed students should be
advised to take up jobs in foreign countries.
II. The unemployed students should be
advised to take up jobs only after the
recession is over.
35. The government airline has been making huge
loses even as private airliners continue to
prosper and make substantial profit.
Courses of Action:
I. All the private airlines should be banned
from operation in the country.
II. The government airline should be
instructed to increase passenger fare
significantly in order to increase its profit.
36. Many private schools have been violating
government directives and have been
charging more fees than the specified limits.
Courses of Action:
I. The government should identify such
schools and take stringent actions against
them.
II. The government should not limit school
fees and keep it flexible for the schools to
decide.
37. A large number of patients admitted in a
particular hospital have been diagnosed with
a serious contagious disease.

Course of Action 35
Courses of Action:
I. These patients should be immediately
evicted from the hospital for fear of spread of
disease.
II. The hospitals should make appropriate
quarantine arrangements to control the
spread of disease.
38. Statement: Many complaints have been
registered lately by commuters regarding
unavailability of railway tickets during the
peak travelling season.
Courses of action: I. The commuters should be
advised to defer their travel plans till the peak
season gets over.
II. Railways should try to accommodate as
many commuters as possible by adding extra
coaches to the trains.
39. Statement : Leader of a tribal community
residing near a proposed highway project has
given an application expressing his
o u ity s oppositio to o stru tio of the
highway through their residential area.
Courses of Action: I. Government should
convince the tribal community stating the fact
that building of the highway would bring
development in their area.
II. Government should immediately stall the
highway project in response to the resistance
faced by the tribal community.
40. More and more farmers have been shifting to
cultivation of export quality rice rather than
the rice eaten daily by people as export
quality rice helps them earn more profit.
Courses of Action: I. Strict action should be
taken against the farmers growing only export
quality rice in their fields.
II. Procurement price of other qualities of rice
should be increased so as to make their
cultivation a profitable venture as well.

36
CAUSE AND EFFECT
The main aim of cause and effect questions is to derive the relationship between two given statements.
The relationship that needs to be tested is whether the statements are causally related to each other. This
means we need to find out whether one of the statements is a direct cause of the other or conversely
whether one of the statements is a direct effect of the other.
Universally accepted rules for Cause and Effect are:
1. It is a scientifically proven fact that the cause leads to the effect
2. The effect should logically follow from the same cause.
Types of Causes
1. Immediate Cause: It immediately precedes the effect. This cause shares the closest proximity with the
effect with relation to time.
2. Principal Cause: The most important reason behind the effect. The immediate cause can be the principal
cause and vice versa.
3.Independent cause: There is no relationship between the cause and the given effect
Following options are given for the choice of answer:
Practice questions :
1. If statement (I) is the cause and statement (II) is
the effect.
2. If statement (II) is the cause and statement (I) is
the effect.
3. If both the statements (I) and (II) are
independent causes.
4. If both the statements (I) and (II) are effects of
some independent causes.
5. If both the statements (I) and (II) are effects of
some common cause. T
1. (i) Major part of the sugarcane crop was affected
by pests, resulting into huge loss incurred by the
farmers in the state.
(ii) The farmers in the state who were cultivating
sugarcane earlier have now switched over to
grapes cultivation this year.
2. (i) There has been a high increase in the
incidents of atrocities against women in the city
during the past few months.
(ii) The police authority has been unable to nab
the culprits who are committing crime against
women.
3. (i) The government has recently fixed the fees for
professional courses offered by the unaided
institutions which are much lower than the fees
charged last year.
(ii) The parents of the aspiring students launched
a severe agitation last year protesting against the
high fees charged by the unaided institutions.
4. (i) The Prime Minister has visited the drought-
affected areas and promised government
assistance to help the farmers.
(ii) A large number of farmers in the drought-
affected areas have been suffering due to
drought situation and are unable to feed their
family.
5. (i) All the lakes supplying water to the city
started overflowing at the end of the second
month of the monsoon
(ii) The normal life in the city has been disrupted
quite a few times in the first ten days of the
monsoon due to water-logging in various parts.
6. (i) A large number of primary schools in the rural
areas are run by only one teacher
(ii) There have been huge dropouts from the
primary schools in rural areas.
7. (i) The police resorted to lathi charge to disperse
the unruly mob from the civic headquarters.
(ii) The civic administration has recently hiked
the property tax of the residential buildings by
about 30 percent
8. (i) The government has decided to allow private
airline companies in India to operate to overseas
destinations
(ii) The national air carrier has increased its
flights to overseas destinations.
9. (i) The prices of food grains and other essential
commodities in the open market have risen
sharply during the past three months.

Cause and Effect 37
(ii) The political party in opposition has given a
call for general strike to protest against the
go er e t’s e o o i policy.
10. (i) A large number of people have fallen sick after
consuming sweets from a particular shop in the
locality.
(ii) Major part of the locality is flooded and has
become inaccessible to outsiders.
11. (i) Majority of the employees of the organization
signed the statement protesting against the
a age e t’s perso el poli .
(ii) The management of the organisation has
decided that all those employees who are above
58 years of age may opt for voluntary retirement
scheme
12. (i) The public sector telecom service provider
reduced the monthly rental substantially with
immediate effect.
(ii) All the private sector telecom service
providers have reduced their charges last week.
13. (i) The largest oil company in the private sector
decided to raise its supply of crude oil to the
government-controlled refineries with
immediate effect.
(ii) The government has recently notified all the
refineries under its control to reduce the refining
capacity in future months.
14. (i) The government has decided to make all the
information related to primary education
available to the general public.
(ii) In the past, the general public did not have
access to all these information related to primary
education available with the government.
15. (i) The local traders association urged all its
members to close down their shops for a day to
protest agai st the go er e t’s e ta poli .
(ii) Many shopkeepers decided to close down
their shops for the day and gave a day off to
their employees.
16. (i) The traffic police removed the signal post at
the intersection of two roads in a quite locality.
(ii) There have been many accidents at the
intersection involving vehicles moving at high
speed.
17. (i) The weather department has predicted heavy
rainfall in the coming week.
(ii)The stores in the local market have
introduced new types of umbrellas and rain
coats.
18. (i) Amit was not granted a visa to Europe.
(ii) A it’s flight as dela ed t e t hours.
19. (i)China became a hotspot for global
manufacturing in the late 80s, and continues to
be so till the present.
(ii)China has abundant sources of cheap
manpower and natural resources – both of which
are essential for industrial growth.
20. (i) There is a possibility of snowfall in the
next 2 days.
(ii) The handloom industries increased their
production by 50%.
21. (i) Anu was not granted a visa to the US.
(ii)A u’s flight to De er as dela ed at least
fifteen hours
22. (i) Aa ir’s o ie has rossed the rore
mark.
(ii)His movie has been nominated for the Oscars.
23. (i) The local administration announces to
block many roads of the town for one day
owing to influx of many pilgrims.
(ii) Many schools of the town declared holiday
on the day, Pilgrims come to the town.
24. (i) The prices of vegetables have reduced
considerably during the past two weeks.
(ii) The prices of food grains have reduced
considerably during the past two weeks
25. (i) The employees of an union of an
organizations have appealed to its members to
give their best to boost production in the coming
months.
(ii) The management of an organization has
announced productivity linked bonus for its
employees.
26. (i) The large shareholders of the company
decided to buy the share of small shareholders.
(ii) The company is suffering loss for the last
three quarters.
27. (i) The production of wheat during the current
year breaks all the past records.
(ii) The production of wheat in last year was a
disaster
28. (i) The prices of petrol and diesel in the
domestic market have remained unchanged for
the past few months.
(ii) The crude oil prices in the international
market have gone up substantially in the last few
months.

Cause and Effect 38
29. (i) The government has recently fixed the fees
for professional courses offered by the unaided
institutions which are much lower than the fees
charged last year.
(ii) The parents of the aspiring students launched
a severe agitation last year protesting against the
high fees charged by the unaided institutions.
30. (i) The Reserve Bank of India has recently put
restrictions on few small banks in the country.
(ii) The small banks in the private and co-
operative sector in India are not in a position to
withstand the competitions of the bigger in the
public sector.
31. (i) All the schools in the area had to be kept
closed for most part of the week.
(ii) Many parents have withdrawn their children
from the local schools.
32. (i) The police authority has recently caught a
group of house breakers.
(ii) The citizens group in the locality have started
night vigil in the area.
33. (i) Majority of the students in the college
expressed their opinion against the college
authorit ’s de isio to reak a a fro the
university and become autonomous.
(ii) The university authorities have expressed
their inability to provide grants to its constituent
colleges.

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