1.
Rock ,Rock cycle And
Formation

2.
What is rock?
• The definition of rock is a naturally occurring solid material composed of minerals, usually minerals of silicate
composition. Formed through geological processes.
• It forms the Earth’s crust and is the building block of many of the world’s natural landscapes. Rocks can vary in
composition, texture, and color depending on the minerals they contain and the condition under which they are
formed. The study of rocks, their formation, and their characteristics are called petrology; and is an important field
of geology that provides insight into the earth’s history and structure.
What are the types of rocks?
There are three types of rocks:
• Igneous Rock: It is Formed from cooled and solidified lava or magma.
• Sedimentary Rock: It is Formed from the accumulation and compression of sediment, such as minerals, organic
matter, and shell fragments.
• Metamorphic Rock: It is Formed from the alteration of existing rock under high pressure, temperature, and/or
chemical conditions.

3.
What is the rock cycle?
The rock cycle is a natural process by which rocks of one type change into rocks of another type through
geological processes, including cooling, melting, heat and pressure, and erosion.
• The rock cycle involves the formation, breakdown, and reformation of rocks in the Earth's crust. This cyclical
process is driven by two main processes: weathering and erosion. Weathering involves physical and chemical
changes to rocks caused by exposure to wind, water, and temperature. Erosion is the process of wearing away at
the Earth's surface due to the movement of water, wind, and ice.

4.
The rock cycle begins with the formation of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are those that form due to the cooling
and solidification of molten material, such as lava, magma, and ash. These rocks can be either intrusive, which, is
from below the Earth's surface, or extrusive, which forms above the surface. After formation, the rocks undergo
weathering and erosion, which break them down into smaller pieces. The pieces are then transported by wind,
water, and ice to new locations, where they are deposited and form sedimentary rocks. These rocks are composed
of smaller particles that have been compacted and cemented together. The sedimentary rocks can then be
compacted and heated, forming metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been altered due to
extreme pressure and temperature.

5.
• The rock cycle begins with the formation of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks
are those that form due to the cooling and solidification of molten material,
such as lava, magma, and ash. These rocks can be either intrusive, which, is
from below the Earth's surface, or extrusive, which forms above the
surface. After formation, the rocks undergo weathering and erosion, which
break them down into smaller pieces. The pieces are then transported by
wind, water, and ice to new locations, where they are deposited and form
sedimentary rocks. These rocks are composed of smaller particles that have
been compacted and cemented together. The sedimentary rocks can then be
compacted and heated, forming metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks are
rocks that have been altered due to extreme pressure and temperature
I

6.
• Rock is an important resource that can be used in a variety of ways. The
rock cycle explains how rock is used, and how it is eventually recycled.
Rock is first mined from the ground. This process can involve using heavy
machinery to extract the rock, or it can be mined using explosives. Once
the rock has been extracted, it is usually transported to a processing plant.
Here, it is crushed or ground into smaller pieces so that it can be used in
other ways.
• Rock has many uses, including construction materials, landscaping
products, and fuel. It is also used to make glass and other objects. In fact,
rock is one of the most common materials used in the manufacturing
process. The rock cycle is a vital part of the world economy. It helps to
ensure that rock is always available for use; and that it is recycled.