about pencils history

1. K.RAGAVI,MCA
Anna University, Chennai.
PENCIL

2. AGENDA
Introduction
History Of Pencil
Conrad Gesner And His Pencil
Nicholas Jacques Conte
Pencil Manufacturing
Types Of Pencil
Grading And Classification Of Pencils
Conclusion
References

3. PENCIL:
A pencil is a writing implement or art
medium constructed of a narrow,
solid pigment core inside a protective casing
which prevents the core from being broken or
leaving marks on the user’s hand during use.

4. HISTORY OF PENCIL
1564- This is where the story of the graphite pencil
begins.
The first pencil was invented by “Conrad Gesner”.
The Gesner pencil was called as “lead pencils”.
This "Gesner pencil" has a special history because
some people believe it was used by Shakespeare.
In Gesner pencil they use only pure graphite, so it is
very difficult to use, because the graphite was very soft
When people handle this pencil it will be broken.

5. CONRAD GESNER AND HIS PENCIL

6.  In 1795, Nicholas-Jacques Conte of France
discovered the process of mixing graphite with
clay.
This mixture was then placed in a kiln fire,
which produced a superior writing material.
After the kiln fire, strips were cut and placed
into wood.

7. Nicholas-Jacques Conte

8. Pencil Manufacturing
The top sequence
shows the old
method that
required pieces of
graphite to be cut to
size;
 the lower
sequence is the new,
current method
using rods of
graphite and clay.

9. MANUFACTURE
 The pencil is actually a mix of finely grinded graphite and
clay powders.
 Before the two substances are mixed, they are separately
cleaned and dried in a manner that creates large square
cakes.
 Once the cakes have fully dried, the graphite and the clay
squares are mixed together using water.
 The amount of clay and graphite decides the pencil hardness
 And the amount of time spent on grinding the mixture
determines the quality of the lead.
 The mixture is then shaped, cut, and then tempered in
a kiln.
 The resulting strings are dipped in oil or molten wax, this
final process used for smooth writing ability of the pencil.

10. Types Of Pencil
By marking material:-
Graphite pencils
Solid graphite pencils
Charcoal pencils
Carbon pencils
Colored pencils, or pencil crayons
Grease pencils
Watercolor pencils
Erasable color pencils

11. SHAPE & SIZE
SHAPE:-
Triangular
Hexagonal
Round
Bendable (flexible plastic)
SIZE:-
Typical(19 cm[7.5inch])
Biggest[(23 m) long]it is world record.

12. BY MANUFACTURE
Mechanical Pencils

13. Plastic Pencils

14. Pop a Point Pencils

15. ERASER ATTACHED PENCILS
On 30 March 1858, the first patent
was introduced.
For attaching an eraser to the end
of a pencil.

16. Grading and Classification
 H ("hardness")
B ("blackness")
 F ("fineness")
The standard
writing pencil is
graded HB.

17. CONCLUSION
Pencils are so useful and so common in our daily lives
Pencils truly are one of the greatest technological
inventions of all-time.
One pencil has the potential to draw a line 35 miles
long, write an average of 45,000 words, absorb 17
sharpening, delete its own errors.

18. REFERENCES
https://pencils.com/the-story-of-pencils/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil
http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~jaszczak/borrowdale.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/th
umb/f/fa/PencilGradingChart.png/220px-
PencilGradingChart.png
https://encrypted-
tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTz3zKIHp3DS
XeufIxXdWoD_G2PnSb5N203bauf2eV5YPENwPEWE
Q

19. THANKYOU……