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commas.ppt
- 1. Commas How to use them
- 2. Commas - , • A comma is a punctuation mark • It tells us to take a brief pause when we are reading – not as long as a full stop. • It is the most common punctuation mark but has to be used carefully.
- 3. Commas • Commas can change the meaning of a sentence • Title of book – Eats shoots and leaves. – Eats, shoots and leaves.
- 4. Changing meaning 2 • The old lady collected all sorts of things: silver, paper, hats, clocks and tablecloths. • The old lady collected all sorts of things: silver paper, hats, clocks and tablecloths. • The old lady collected all sorts of things: silver, paper hats, clocks and tablecloths.
- 5. Different Uses - 1 • When there is a list of words in a sentence – We will need hammers, nails and a saw. – She stopped, stared and ran. – Mr Cherry was a warm, hospitable man. – Sam frightened the cat, teased the dog and annoyed the neighbours.
- 6. Different Uses - 2 • Commas are used to break up longer sentences into smaller parts to make more sense. – When he saw the pirate ship on the horizon, the captain gave the alarm. – She called as loudly as she could, but no- one could hear her.
- 7. Different Uses - 3 • Commas are used to separate any extra information that is added. • The words enclosed by the commas could be left out without changing the general meaning of the sentence.
- 8. Adding information • Paul Mann, our star player, broke his leg in the match on Saturday. • Paul Mann broke his leg in the match on Saturday. • The man, who was wearing a blue hat, slid silently into the room. • The man slid silently into the room.
- 9. Other Uses • To break up groups of numbers into thousands. – 1,999,999 • When writing a date. – February 14th, 1990 • Inside speech marks. – “We are leaving tomorrow,” said Fred.
- 10. Practice , the plumber, , Jennifer, , the typist, , my hairdresser, , our teacher, is good at looking after children. blow dries my hair every week. has a son called Sam. fixed a leak in our pipes last week. works in a large office. Miss Jones Peter Mrs White Our nanny Mr Smith
- 11. Practice • When he reached the car park, • Although he was very tired, • Despite queuing for hours, • We did our homework, • I waited for my brother,
- 12. Summary - Commas • Show a brief pause within a sentence • Separate items in a list • Separate additional information • Break up longer sentences into smaller parts • Break up numbers into thousands • Inside speech marks.