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Evidence Based Medicine
1. Dr. Nisreen A. Jastaniah
Assist Prof KSAU-HS
Consultant Geriatric Medicine KAMC-J
2. Problem solving methods
other …
• Hani ( 47 years) software programmer
Thinking about early retirement …. (retirement and
health) Discussion
3. Problem solving methods
Scientific…( searching for evidence)
• HANI ( 47 years) software programmer
Thinking about early retirement ….
Discussion , retirement and health
9. Needs
• We need evidence (about the accuracy of diagnostic
tests, the power of prognostic markers, the
comparative efficacy and safety of interventions,
etc.)
• about 5 times for every in-patient (and twice for
every 3 out-patients).
• We get less than a third of it
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10. Why Evidence Based Health Care?
• Too many patients
• Too many problems
• Too many journals
• Information overload
• No time to read
• Read what I am familiar with
• Avoid difficult issues
10
13. Requirements of new
treatment
• The drug must have a defined mode of action
• It must be tested on a well defined disease
• The time of action must be observed
• The effect of the drug must be seen to occur
constantly in many cases
• The experimentation must be done with the
human body for testing a drug on a lion or a
horse might not prove anything about its effect
on man
Ibn Sina 981-1037
13
14. When did EBM begin ?
• Dr. Archie Cochrane
(British epidemiologist and a leading EBM
theoretician, estimated a decade ago
that only 15-20% of all medical practice is
based on scientific, statistically sound
research.
14
16. Steps of evidence based
medicine
1)Ask a question
2)Acquire some articles
3)Appraise the evidence
4)Apply the findings
5)Assess our performance
17
17. Steps of evidence based medicine
Step 1: formulating an answerable question
Patient or Problem
Intervention
Comparison Intervention
Outcome.
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18. Steps of evidence based medicine
Step 2: Tracking down the best available evidence
Tracking down the best evidence with which to
answer that question.( diagnosis, therapy
,prognosis…)
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19. Steps of evidence based medicine
Step 2: Tracking down the best available evidence
study design
Primary studies (therapy ,diagnosis ,harm &prognosis
).
Integrative studies (overview ,practice guidelines..).
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.
20. Steps of evidence based medicine
Step3: Critically appraising that evidence
validity (closeness to the truth),
impact (size of the effect) the results, and
applicability.
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21. Steps of evidence based medicine
Step4: Integrating of the best available
evidence to our patients
our patient's unique biology, values and
circumstances.
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22. Steps of evidence based medicine
Step 4: Integrating of the best available
evidence to our patients
The evidence
Clinical experiencePatient values
23
23. Steps of evidence based medicine
Step5: Evaluating our effectiveness
in executing Steps 1-4 and seeking ways to improve
them both for next time.
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24. Steps of evidence based medicine
• Do We need always carry out all 5 steps to provide E-
B Care ?
Searching & appraising”
o provides E B care, but is expensive in time and
resources
“Searching only”
o much, quicker, and if carried out among E B
resources, can provide E B care.
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25. POEMs & DOEs
POEM
Patient
Oriented
Evidence that
Matters
26
DOE
Disease
Oriented
Evidence
HRQL (Health Related Quality of life) for
example, mobility, self-care, and physical,
emotional, and social function).
26. Relevance: Type of Evidence
• DOE: Disease-oriented evidence
o pathophysiology, pharmacology, etiology
• POE: Patient-oriented evidence
o mortality, morbidity, quality of life, satisfaction
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27. Study design & Evidence based
clinical practice
Different questions study design
• Prevalence or frequency of factor Cross sectional study
•Hypotheses about possible Harm (or causes) Case-control
• Harm or Causes or risk factors Cohort
• Experience of illness Qualitative
• Effectiveness Randomized controlled trial
30. 31
1)Ask a question
2)Acquire some articles
3)Appraise the evidence
OR
use appraised evidence
4)Apply the findings
5)Assess our performance
?
Steps of evidence based medicine
31. Types of health care
professional
32
Evidence
Finders
Evidence Users
Evidence
generator
Evidence Ignorer
33. 34
1)Ask a question
2)Acquire some articles
3)Appraise the evidence
OR
use appraised evidence
4)Apply the findings
5)Assess our performance
?
Steps of evidence based medicine