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Hypersensitivity
DR. ROOPAM JAIN
PROFESSOR & HEAD,
DEPT. OF PATHOLOGY
Classification of
Hypersensitivity Diseases
• In immediate hypersensitivity (type I hypersensitivity)
• the injury is caused by TH2 cells, IgE antibodies, and mast cells
and other leukocytes.
• In antibody-mediated disorders (type II
hypersensitivity)
• secreted IgG and IgM antibodies injure cells by promoting their
phagocytosis or lysis and injure tissues by inducing
inflammation
Classification of
Hypersensitivity Diseases
• In immune complex–mediated disorders (type III
hypersensitivity)
• IgG and IgM antibodies bind antigens usually in the
circulation, and the antigen-antibody complexes deposit in
tissues and induce inflammation.
• The leukocytes that are recruited (neutrophils & monocytes)
produce tissue damage by release of lysosomal enzymes
and generation of toxic free radicals
Classification of
Hypersensitivity Diseases
• In cell-mediated immune disorders (type IV
hypersensitivity)
• sensitized T lymphocytes (TH1 and TH17 cells and CTLs) are
the cause of the tissue injury.
Mechanisms of
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Comparative features of 4 types
of hypersensitivity reactions.
Schematic
representation of
pathogenesis of 4
types of
immunological
tissue injury.
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
Sequence of events in
immediate (type I)
hypersensitivity.
Immediate hypersensitivity
reactions are initiated by the
introduction of an allergen, which
stimulates TH2 responses and IgE
production in genetically susceptible
individuals.
IgE binds to Fc receptors on mast
cells, and subsequent exposure to
the allergen activates the mast cells
to secrete the mediators that are
responsible for the pathologic
manifestations of immediate
hypersensitivity.
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
Immune complex
disease
The sequential phases in the
induction of systemic immune
complex–mediated diseases
(type III hypersensitivity)
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

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HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

  • 1. Hypersensitivity DR. ROOPAM JAIN PROFESSOR & HEAD, DEPT. OF PATHOLOGY
  • 2. Classification of Hypersensitivity Diseases • In immediate hypersensitivity (type I hypersensitivity) • the injury is caused by TH2 cells, IgE antibodies, and mast cells and other leukocytes. • In antibody-mediated disorders (type II hypersensitivity) • secreted IgG and IgM antibodies injure cells by promoting their phagocytosis or lysis and injure tissues by inducing inflammation
  • 3. Classification of Hypersensitivity Diseases • In immune complex–mediated disorders (type III hypersensitivity) • IgG and IgM antibodies bind antigens usually in the circulation, and the antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissues and induce inflammation. • The leukocytes that are recruited (neutrophils & monocytes) produce tissue damage by release of lysosomal enzymes and generation of toxic free radicals
  • 4. Classification of Hypersensitivity Diseases • In cell-mediated immune disorders (type IV hypersensitivity) • sensitized T lymphocytes (TH1 and TH17 cells and CTLs) are the cause of the tissue injury.
  • 6. Comparative features of 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions.
  • 7. Schematic representation of pathogenesis of 4 types of immunological tissue injury.
  • 9. Sequence of events in immediate (type I) hypersensitivity. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are initiated by the introduction of an allergen, which stimulates TH2 responses and IgE production in genetically susceptible individuals. IgE binds to Fc receptors on mast cells, and subsequent exposure to the allergen activates the mast cells to secrete the mediators that are responsible for the pathologic manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity.
  • 14. Immune complex disease The sequential phases in the induction of systemic immune complex–mediated diseases (type III hypersensitivity)