PowerPoint presentation to Oregon Master Gardeners at the OSU Master Gardener Minicollege, 2009, Corvallis, OR. This is not for distribution or reproduction.

1. Invasive Species 101: A primer for Master Gardeners Robert Emanuel Water Resources and Community Development Faculty, Tillamook and Clatsop counties

2. Introduction What are invasive species? Why should we care? Biology & management Some PNWinvaders What can gardeners do about them? Resources for more information.

3. Invasive species means an alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.

5. http://www.sustainability.uconn.edu/sustain/biodiv/05.html

7. Biological invaders destroy habitats or out-compete native plants and animals. Why should we care? Invasive species costs Americans about $143 billion/year! At least 30 new potential biological invaders enter the US every day…

9. Understanding Biological Invasions

10. Definitions: Invasive Plants “Weed” Exotics A plant growing where you do not want it. (non-native) Lots of beneficial species: Crops, pasture, forestry & ornamentals. “Noxious” A regulatory designation. “Invasive” Spreads outside of cultivation, and causes environmental& economic harm. Natives Co-evolution with other species, our natural heritage

11. What makes a plant invasive? Lack normal environmental constraints Fast growth and reproduction Highly adaptable a wide range of conditions Often can transform their environment Often encouraged by disturbance Dominance = less biodiversity

12. Key Stages in Plant Invasions Escape Lag Time Invasion Introduction Cost Area Infested Time

13. What does this mean for management? People notice them here Introduction Detection: focus resources here Prevention or Eradication(Inexpensive) Local control and management only (Expensive) Area Infested Control Costs Time

14. How do we manage invasive plants? Prevention Quarantine before introduction Monitoring & mapping Chemical treatment (herbicides) Biological controls (biocontrol) Cultural treatment (hand pulling, cutting, etc.) *

15. Invasive Species of Horticultural Origin in Oregon

16. Photo - knotweed Japanese Knotweed: Fallopiapolystachyum

17. Glenn Miller, ODA Giant Knotweed: Polygonumsachalinese

18. Photo - knotweed Knotweed: Fallopiax bohemicum

19. Photo - English ivy English Ivy: Hedera helix

20. Photos: Christine McDonald Policeman’s Helmet: Impatiens gladulifera

21. R. Emanuel, OSU Parrot feather: Myriophyllumaquaticum

22. Photo: Judy Scott, OSU Yellow Flag Iris: Iris pseudacorus

23. Lynn Ketchum, OSU EESC Common Gorse: Ulexeuropaeus

24. Photos: Michael L. Charters Spanish Broom: Spartiumjunceum

25. Scotch Broom: Cytisusscoparius

26. French Broom: Genistamonspessulana

27. Photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University Russian Olive: Elaeagnusangustifolia

28. Photo: Wikimedia Photo: EikeWulfmeyer Old Man’s Beard, Travelers Joy: Clematis vitalba

29. Old Man’s Beard: Clematis vitalba

30. Spurge Laurel: Daphne laureola

31. Photo – butterfly bush infestation in Lane Co. Butterfly Bush: Buddlejadavidii

32. Purple Loosestrife: Lythrumsalicaria

33. Tree of Heaven: Ailanthus altissima Photo: USFS

34. Fennel: Foeniculumvulgare

35. Photo: JohnathanJ. Stegeman Bachelor’s button: Centaureacyanus

36. Desert Indigobush: Amorphafruticosa

37. Myrtle spurge: Euphorbia myrsintes

38. Leafy spurge: Euphorbia esula

39. Lynn Ketchum, OSU EESC English Holly: Ilex aquilfolium

40. But wait! There’s MORE!

41. Salt Cedar: Tamarix spp.

42. Photo: University of Georgia Hydrillaverticillata

43. Photo: Kurt W. Heckeroth Petasites japonica var. giganteum

44. Photos: WA State Weed Control Board Yellow Archangel: Lamiastrumgaleobdolon

45. Photos: King County , WA Garden Loosestrife: Lysimarchiavulgaris

46. Clary Sage: Salvia sclarea

47. Photo: Robert Emanuel, OSU Fragrant Water Lilly: Nymphaeaodorata

48. Only you can prevent the invasion!

49. What can Master Gardeners do? Know thy enemy & teach others about them Grow native & non-invasive wherever possible Help others to do the same Help the public with information on treatment Monitor and report new invaders Check clothes, vehicles, pets when out & about

50. What can Master Gardeners do? Don’t share unless you know it’s not invasive Stay away from generic wildflower mixtures Watch for hitchhikers in nursery stock Use weed-free soil and mulch Watch introductions for aggressive behavior Don’t dump your yard clippings in the wild!

51. If you have a known invasive (but can’t part with it) Deadhead faithfully Use root barriers Dispose of plant material properly—bagged in the garbage or burned (completely) Please don’t share your invader with others! Contain it, control it, or cage it!

52. For Water Gardeners Always wash new introductions (think snails) Keep water garden separate from native waters Never dump water garden materials or water into native waters Research your plants for invasive potential—many commonly used aquatics are!

53. Some Resources

55. http://plants.usda.gov/java/noxiousDriver

63. Invasive Spp. Web Resources Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook: weeds.ippc.orst.edu/pnw/weeds Oregon Invasive Species Hotline:oregoninvasiveshotline.org/ National Invasive Species Clearinghouse: www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov USDA PLANTS Database: plants.usda.gov/index.html WA State Noxious Weed Board: www.nwcb.wa.gov/index.htm Idaho Weed Awareness:idahoweedawareness.net/index.html California Invasive Plant Council:www.cal-ipc.org Be Plantwise:www.beplantwise.org/

64. Questions? Robert M. Emanuel Water Resources & Community Development Tillamook & Clatsop counties 2204 Fourth Street Tillamook, OR 97141 (503) 842-5708 X 2 robert.emanuel@oregonstate.edu