Tests show that olefin plants (steam crackers) can diversify to biorenewable feeds without modifying their facilities or operations. And by doing this, they will help "sequester" CO2 into plastics.
1. http://www.lct.ugent.be 1 Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Universiteit Gent 2 Syntroleum Corp., Tulsa, OK, rabhari@syntroleum.com Steam Cracking of Renewable Naphtha Kevin M. Van Geem 1 , Ramin Abhari 2 , Steven P. Pyl 1 , Marie-Françoise Reyniers 1 and Guy B. Marin 1 Ethylene Producers Conference March 22-25, 2010, San Antonio, TX, USA
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4. Bio-Synfining™ Feedstocks EPC, San Atonio, TX, 22/03/2010 U.S. sources ~ 360,000 BPD (16 million tonne/y) hydrocarbon equivalent …and increasing
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6. Chemistry EPC, San Atonio, TX, 22/03/2010 Paraffinic hydrocarbons from bio oils via hydrodeoxygenation (Eqs 1a-b) and hydrocracking (Eq 2)
7. Process EPC, San Atonio, TX, 22/03/2010 Simple, low capital cost process
16. Group type separation EPC, San Atonio, TX, 22/03/2010 C9 e: di-naphthenes f: (iso)paraffins g: mono-naphthenes n and isoparaffins aromatics naphthenes Group type separation by selecting specific ions in the Tof-MS chromatogram Visualusation of ppb amounts of components
17. Group type separation: no oxygenates EPC, San Atonio, TX, 22/03/2010 Separation based on boiling point Separation based on polarity
31. Run length simulation EPC, San Atonio, TX, 22/03/2010 TLE inlet inlet Reactor coil Type Number of reactors Number of passes Reactor length Internal reactor diameter (passes 1-4) External reactor diameter (passes 1-4) Internal reactor diameter (passes 5-6) External reactor diameter (passes 5-6) Wall thickness Naphtha flow rate per reactor coil Steam dilution CIT (a) COP (b) GK I Split coil 8 6 53.89 m 0.080 m 0.096 m 0.114 m 0.130 m 0.008 m 2785 kg h -1 0.70 kg/kg 620 °C 1.45 10 5 Pa Feedstock characteristics PINA analysis (wt%) n-praffins isoparaffins naphthenes aromatics ASTM D86 BP (wt%) IBP 50% FBP Specific density 37.0 wt% 33.0 wt% 18.0 wt% 12.0 wt% 36.0 94.5 161.0 0.706 Outlet specification Ethylene yield 28.6 wt%
32. Simulated run length with COILSIM1D EPC, San Atonio, TX, 22/03/2010 Simulated Run length : Renewable Naphtha 158 days Fossil based Naphtha 83 days (Industrial 85 days)
38. GC GC: Optimization Offline analysis EPC, San Atonio, TX, 22/03/2010 a dimethyl polysiloxane ( Restek ); b 50% phenyl polysilphenylene-siloxane ( SGE ) Detector FID, 300°C Tof-MS, 35-400 amu Injection 0.2 μl, split flow 150 ml/min, 250°C First column Rtx-1 PONA a 50 m L × 0.25 mm I.D. × 0.5 μm df Second column BPX-50 b 2 m L × 0.15 mm I.D. × 0.15 μm df Oven temperature 50°C 250°C at 3°C/min Modulation Period 4 s Carrier gas He, constant flow 2.1 ml/min He, constant flow 1.6 ml/min
39. Other GC’s EPC, San Atonio, TX, 22/03/2010 a dime thyl polysiloxane ( Restek ) PGA DHA Injection Gas injection, 55°C Gas injection, 250°C Carrier gas He He Pre-column Hayesep N (2 m L × 1/8” I.D.) - Column Carbosphere (1.8 m L × 1/8” I.D.) Rtx-1 PONA a (50 m L × 0.2 mm I.D. × 0.55 μm df) Oven temperature 55°C -40°C 40°C (5°C/min) 90°C (3°C/min) 250°C (5°C/min) Detector TCD, 160°C FID, 250°C
40. Other GC’s EPC, San Atonio, TX, 22/03/2010 a dime thyl polysiloxane ( Restek ); b Al 2 O 3 /KCl ( Restek ) RGA Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Injection Gas injection, 80°C Gas injection, 80°C Gas injection, 80°C Carrier gas He He N 2 Pre-column Rtx-1 a (15 m L × 0.53 mm I.D. × 3 μm df) Hayesep Q (0.25 m L × 1/8” I.D.) Hayesep T (1 m L × 1/8” I.D.) Column Rt-Alumina BOND b (25 m L × 0.53 mm I.D. × 15 μm df) Hayesep N (1 m L× 1/8” I.D.), Molsieve 5A (1 m L × 1/8” I.D.) Carbosphere (2 m L × 1/8” I.D.) Oven temperature 50 120°C at 5°C/min 80°C 80°C Detector FID, 200°C TCD, 160°C TCD, 160°C
Editor's Notes
The information about which components and their quantities are available is crucial to gain better insight in a side phenomenon in steam cracking, the coke formation in the reactor coil. The latter depends strongly on the quantities of these polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and hence,