1. Phonetics: [p]  physical properties  phone
bilabial stop voiceless
Phonology: /p/  grammatical properties 
phoneme
structure, function/meaning
/p/ in pin  [ph] vs. bin
spin  [p-] vs. skin
stop  [pv] vs.
stock

2. Phoneme - 1
 A phoneme is a significant unit of sound
significant  distinguishing/differentiating
meaning: causing different meaning
bin vs. pin  /b/ , /p/ significant
 Allophones  insignificant units of sound
[a:] and [æ] in answer  [a:nsз:]
[ænsз:]
[a:] and [æ] are allophones of /a:/

3.  A phoneme is a set of sounds which are
phonetically similar and in complementary
distribution
a set of sounds  a phoneme has allophones
/p/  [ph] , [p-] , [pv]
phonetically similar
[ph]  bilabial stop voiceless aspirated
[p-]  bilabial stop voiceless continuant
[pv]  bilabial stop voiceless unreleased

4. Every position of phoneme in words results in
different forms of phonetic representation of one
phoneme
[ph]  bilabial stop voiceless aspirated : initial
[p-]  bilabial stop voiceless continuant : middle
[pv]  bilabial stop voiceless unreleased : final

5.  Redundant  repeated: /p/  [ph] , [p-] ,
[pv]
 Distinctive  differentiate meaning
e.g. English: [ph]
Thay : /ph/ vs. /p/

6.  To show the relationship between a
phonological representation and its
phonetic rep.
 Phonological level  abstract/ concept 
phonological representation
 Phonetic level  real speech  phonetic
representation

7. 3 types of relationships
1. A sound is available in phonological level, but not
in phonetic level,
2. A sound is available in phonetic level, but not in
phonological level,
3. A sound is available in both level
e.g. pin  /pIn/  [phIn]  /p/: phonological
segmental constraint; [ph] : phonetic segmental
constraint.