cloud

1. The origin of the term cloud computing is unclear. The expression
cloud is commonly used in science to describe a large agglomeration
of objects that visually appear from a distance as a cloud and describes
any set of things whose details are not inspected further in a given
context.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
A Google search of ‘cloud computing’ resulted in 72,500,000 hits (on
Oct.3, 2013). Obviously it is one of the hottest buzz words in
computing. It is a metaphor for computers connected to the Internet
which are usually enclosed in a cloud-like boundary in figures in early
power point presentations.
V Rajaraman

2. One of the first questions asked with the introduction of a new
technology is:
“When was it invented?”
“When was it first mentioned?”
“What are the prospects for its future?” are also common.
When we think of cloud computing, we think of situations, products
and ideas that started in the 21st century. This is not exactly the whole
truth. Cloud concepts have existed for many years.
March 18, 2014 1:10 pm by Maximilliano Destefani Neto

3. Multiple users were capable of accessing a central
computer through dumb terminals, whose only function
was to provide access to the mainframe. Because of the
costs to buy and maintain mainframe computers, it was not
practical for an organization to buy and maintain one for
every employee.
Nor did the typical user need the large (at the time) storage
capacity and processing power that a mainframe provided.
Providing shared access to a single resource was the
solution that made economical sense for this sophisticated
piece of technology.

4. (Related: Back to the future: Why z/OS mainframe is the ideal cloud platform)
After some time, around 1970, the concept of virtual machines
(VMs) was created.
Using virtualization software like VMware, it became possible to
execute one or more operating systems simultaneously in an isolated
environment. Complete computers (virtual) could be executed inside
one physical hardware which in turn can run a completely different
operating system.
The VM operating system took the 1950s’ shared access mainframe to
the next level, permitting multiple distinct computing environments to
reside on one physical environment. Virtualization came to drive the
technology, and was an important catalyst in the communication and
information evolution.

5. In the 1990s, telecommunications companies started offering
virtualized private network connections.
Historically, telecommunications companies only offered single
dedicated point–to-point data connections. The newly offered
virtualized private network connections had the same service quality as
their dedicated services at a reduced cost. Instead of building out
physical infrastructure to allow for more users to have their own
connections, telecommunications companies were now able to provide
users with shared access to the same physical infrastructure.
The following list briefly explains the evolution of cloud computing:
• Grid computing: Solving large problems with parallel computing
• Utility computing: Offering computing resources as a metered service
•SaaS: Network-based subscriptions to applications
• Cloud computing: Anytime, anywhere access to IT resources delivered
dynamically as a service

6. 1959 John McCarthy’s note on the need to time-share computers.
1961 John McCarthy’s talk suggesting that computers should
become a utility similar to a telephone service1 .
1966 Douglas Parkhill publishes a book titled Challenges of the
Computer Utility 2.
1995 Amazon starts selling books using the World Wide Web.
1999 Salesforce.com provides a software service on the World Wide
Web accessible on payment.
1999 Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman publish a book titled
“The Grid: Blueprint for a new computing infrastructure and
develop Globus tool kit to create a computer grid.

7. 2004 Google starts free email service.
2006 Amazon introduces pay for use computing (Amazon Web
Services) and Elastic Cloud Computing (EC2).
2006 Google starts offering Google Apps with 2 GB free disk space
on their infrastructure.
2010 Microsoft starts providing a cloud service called Azure.
2011 IBM offers smart cloud.

8. What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud computing provides a variety of computing resources from
servers
&
storage to enterprise applications such as email, security,
backup/DR(Cloud Disaster Recovery), voice, all delivered over the
Internet. The Cloud delivers a hosting environment that is
immediate, flexible, scalable, secure, and available – while saving
corporations money, time and resources.
Ref: Cloud49

9. Cloud Flavors?
a. SaaS – Software as a Service
b. IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
c. PaaS – Platform as a Service
d. DaaS – Desktop as a Service

10. Cloud Service Models
10
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
Google
App
Engine
SalesForce CRM
LotusLive
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Grance

11. What is Software as a Service? (SaaS)
• SaaS is a software delivery methodology that
provides licensed multi-tenant access to software
and its functions remotely as a Web-based service.
Usually billed based on usage
Usually multi tenant(renter) environment
Highly scalable architecture
Scalability: Infrastructure capacity allows for traffic
spikes and minimizes delays.

13. SaaS Examples

14. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• IaaS is the delivery of technology
infrastructure as an on demand scalable
service
– Usually billed based on usage
– Usually multi tenant virtualized
environment
– Can be coupled with Managed Services for
OS and application support

15. IaaS Examples

16. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support the
complete life cycle of building and delivering web
applications and services entirely from the Internet.
– Typically applications must be developed with a
particular platform in mind
– Multi tenant environments
– Highly scalable multi tier architecture

17. PaaS Examples

18. Public cloud
• Public cloud (off-site and remote) describes cloud computing where
resources are dynamically provisioned on an on-demand, self-
service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services,
open API, from a third-party provider who bills on a utility
computing basis.
Private cloud
• A private cloud environment is often the first step for a corporation
prior to adopting a public cloud initiative. Corporations have
discovered the benefits of consolidating shared services on
virtualized hardware deployed from a primary datacenter to serve
local and remote users.
Deployment (Distribution)Models

19. Hybrid cloud
A hybrid cloud environment consists of some portion of
computing resources on-site (on premise) and off-site (public
cloud). By integrating public cloud services, users can
leverage cloud solutions for specific functions that are too
costly to maintain on-premise such as virtual server disaster
recovery, backups and test/development environments.
Community cloud
A community cloud is formed when several organizations
with similar requirements share common infrastructure.
Costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud but
more than a single tenant.

20. Where is the Cloud Going?
• IDC's updated IT Cloud Services Forecast predicts
that public cloud computing will grow from $17.4
billion worth of IT spend in 2009 to $44 billion by
2013. 1
• Additionally, Federal CIO Vivek Kundra has vowed
to spend $19 billion of U.S. government's $70
billion IT budget on cloud computing.
• The five year growth outlook remains strong,
with a five-year annual growth rate of 26% – over
six times the rate of traditional IT offerings.

21. Cloud Distribution Examined

22. Why Now?
• The acceptance and proliferation(spread or increase) of hardware
virtualization and multi-tenant applications
• The Internet has become ubiquitous(Universal) i.e an accepted
method of connecting providers with consumers
• ISPs/Telcos are offering robust, redundant and managed corporate
internet service enabling service consolidation efficiencies.
• The cost verses risk equation has tipped toward shared solutions
• Computing capabilities are being seen as a ongoing service rather
than an internal capital expense

23. The Reality
• Enterprises will be dragged kicking and
screaming through the gates of cloud
computing by the economy, consumers and
emerging markets.

24. Enterprise Cloud Solutions
1. Hybrid Cloud
– Scalability of the Public Cloud with the control and security of a
private cloud
2. Test / Development / QA Platform
– Use cloud infrastructure servers as your test and development
platform
3. Disaster Recovery
– Keep images of your servers on cloud infrastructure ready to go
in case of a disaster
4. Cloud File Storage
– Backup or Archive your company data to cloud file storage
5. Load Balancing
– Use cloud infrastructure for overflow management during peak
usage times

25. How to get started
• Evaluating the business case for public, private and
hybrid cloud models
• Developing an enterprise integration and migration
strategy towards cloud provisioning
• Review enterprise applications for SaaS candidates
• Review enterprise requirements for cloud security,
governance and standards
• Determine optimal management of your virtualized
environment and cloud implementation
• Review case studies from early adopters of SaaS, PaaS
and IaaS solutions

26. Cloud Architecture
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27. Cloud Computing Characteristics
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Common Characteristics:
Low Cost Software
Virtualization Service Orientation
Advanced Security
Homogeneity
Massive Scale Resilient Computing
Geographic Distribution
Essential Characteristics:
Resource Pooling
Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Measured Service
On Demand Self-Service
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Grance

28. What is the purpose and benefits?
• Cloud computing enables companies and
applications, which are system infrastructure
dependent, to be infrastructure-less.
• By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used
and on demand”, all of us can save in capital and
operational investment!
• Clients can:
– Put their data on the platform instead of on their own
desktop PCs and/or on their own servers.
– They can put their applications on the cloud and use the
servers within the cloud to do processing and data
manipulations etc.
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29. Cloud-Sourcing
• Why is it becoming a Big Deal:
– Using high-scale/low-cost providers,
– Any time/place access via web browser,
– Rapid scalability; incremental cost and load sharing,
– Can forget need to focus on local IT.
• Concerns:
– Performance, reliability, and SLAs,
– Control of data, and service parameters,
– Application features and choices,
– Interaction between Cloud providers,
– No standard API – mix of SOAP and REST!
– Privacy, security, compliance, trust…
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30. Some Commercial Cloud Offerings
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31. 32
Security is the Major Issue

32. Cloud Storage
• Several large Web companies are now exploiting the
fact that they have data storage capacity that can be
hired out to others.
– allows data stored remotely to be temporarily cached on
desktop computers, mobile phones or other Internet-
linked devices.
• Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple
Storage Solution (S3) are well known examples
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33. Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
• Unlimited Storage.
• Pay for what you use:
– $0.20 per GByte of data transferred,
– $0.15 per GByte-Month for storage used,
– Second Life Update:
• 1TBytes, 40,000 downloads in 24 hours - $200,
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