2. Introduction
• The place of housing is next only to food and
clothing among the primary necessities of Life.
• Man is primarily a social creature. He loves to live in a
society or community. Hence housing does not mean
a covered roof for every family. It is a social unit
planned on neighborhood and community
principles.
• Housing in general sense, is the layout and
development of residential unit in which people can
live in pleasant, peaceful and healthy surroundings
with social, Cultural, and Recreational facilities.
4. Introduction
Requirements of Good Housing Facility.
• It is not enough to provide structurally stable structure
(houses), but they must be so located and designed that they
afford convenience, amenity, health and social life to the
community.
• A house in a general sense represents the smallest unit
from where the town planning scheme emerges.
• The success and failure of all town planning scheme
rests on effective provision of Housing.
6. Requirements of Residential Building
• Height
• Location
• Orientation
• Parks
• Privacy
• Security
• Space
• Utility Services
• Ventilation and Light
7. Layout of Residential Units
The Important point to be considered in planning of
residential building are as below:
• Houses should be designed in different types with
pleasing elevations.
• Houses should be planned with harmony with the
surrounding like lake, streams, greeneries, etc.
• Houses should be properly oriented to get maximum
advantage of the sun, wind, and topography.
• Density of population should be in accordance with
the standard specified by the competent authority
• Houses for different Income group should be
grouped to geather to build the spirit of neighborhood.
9. Types of Layouts
• The general layout of the houses should
have variety, economy, and convenience of
the community. The layout differs for
different shapes of site such as square, semi-
circular, triangular, or trapezoidal. Etc.
11. Types of Layouts
• Rectangular or Grid Pattern
• The layout plan is almost square with road
meeting at right angles. This pattern is
suitable for flat country, but is not suitable
from the point of view of traffic.
13. Types of Layouts
• Cul- de-sac
• This type consisting of approach road with a
dead end is suitable for a small estate.
• In this case the houses are arranged to face a
dead end road branching from the main road
at right angle.
• At the dead end of road a roundabout is
provided so that the vehicle can go round and
return to the main road. A fountain or such
another feature can be provided at the dead end to
make it pleasing and attractive.
16. Types of Layouts
• The following point can be considered in the
layout of cul-de-sac
• The length of the cul-de-sac should not be
more than 80 to 100m to serve its purpose.
• The ground should have a rising gradient from
the main road towards dead end so that better
vista can be obtained.
• The housing blocks on either side should have
open front lawns to make them more spacious
18. Advantages of Cul-de-sac
• It affords privacy
• It affords peaceful atmosphere
• It is free from noise, bustle of the road traffic.
• It is free from dust nuisance.
• It minimizes road accidents
20. Shoe- String Development
• In this case the house are arranged around
a local road encircling a park in the centre,
It is an Improved variety of Cul-de-sac
• The houses are arranged in groups, in the
shape of shoe, around a local road encircling a
park in the centre, the main road forms string
hence the name shoe string development.
21. Shoe- String Development
• Each group is placed on the left or right side of
the local road facing the park, thus forming the
shape of ‘S’
• Advantages of Shoe-String Development
• It Provides Calm and quite atmosphere.
• It is absolutely free from noise, dust, bustle of the
city.
• It is free from traffic accidents.
• It provides better social contacts.
22. Classification of Housing
• The different types of houses are classified as
below:
• Detached House
• Semi-Detached House
• Group housing
• Apartment and flats
• Sky scrapers
• Prefabricated house.
23. Detached House
• This is entirely an independent house. Its
design depends upon the number of family
members to be accommodated in the house,
leaving sufficient front, rear margin with a
small garden in front.
• It provides privacy and lot amount of sunshine air
and breeze. It is the best form of residence for a
small village or town where land and building
material are cheap. However compared to other
types it is not economical
25. Semi-Detached House
• It consist of two houses with a common wall
as such there is considerable amount of
saving in side margin and also in plot area.
The elevation of this type of houses can be
made more attractive with the longer frontage
by keeping the similar element on either side
of the common wall. By providing common
amenities like water, drainage, line, etc
semi-detached houses can be built
economically.
27. Group Housing
• A number of houses can be grouped
together. It is proffered for low-income
group such as laborers or workers. The
houses may be single or double storeyed.
28. Apartment or flats
• A flat consist of number of storeys in which
accommodation is provided in an independent
suite of three to four rooms, such as living
room, kitchen, bath, W.C. etc, It is suitable for
better income group people and is most popular in
big cities.
• Due to influx of rural population in the cities, the
price of land have sky rocketed. Hence resort is
made to flats so as to accommodate as many unit
as possible on the same land.
30. Sky- Scrapers
• To accommodate the growing population in metropolitan cities,
the sky- scrappers or high rise buildings are being built with
multistories soaring high in the sky.
• The vertical development in the form of sky scrapers is seen to
be popular as people found it more useful by going up and down
with the help of lift then walking side-ways, even though they
are facing some problems
• One is fire problem for this proper precautions should be taken by
providing emergency staircase. Also the building should be well
equipped with first aid fire extinguishers, heat and smoke detectors,
and fixed fire protection system.
• Wind is another problem of this purpose sky scrappers are now
checked through wind tunnel test before their construction the wind
problem can be avoided by careful massing of sky scrappers
32. Pre-fabricated House
• The nation wide housing crisis is now sought in
fabrication, the process by which different parts of the
house are made in the factory and merely assembled
later.
• This is also referred by many as ‘instant’ housing, factory
built housing and in America it is called System
Building.
• The main advantage of this method are:
• High speed in construction, so saving in Time,
• Use of highly developed construction technology.
• Use of improved quality of building material manufactured
in the factory.
• Minimum use of Labour.
36. Housing in India
• The housing is an important social welfare
measure and is an integral part of the nation’s
economic development. As such housing deserves a
high priority in planning. But housing indeed
received very little attention in the past. Main reasons
can be stated as the tremendous growth in population,
scarcity of land and rise in the cost of construction
material.
38. Housing in India
• Industrial growth and employment
opportunities excellent facilities for higher
education, research, lucrative careers, social
welfare in the town & cities have acted as
powerful magnets to attract rural population.
The urban population has therefore increased by
about 30 % in the last decade.Thi has resulted in
not only over crowding and congestion inn the
towns & cities but also aggravated acute shortage
of housing.
40. Housing in India
• The planning commission had provided in the
sixth plan period an outlay of Rs 9400 crore for
Urban Housing. Despite this the backlog of
housing increases by a million units every year.
• The housing problem revolve around three
important factors such as poverty,
transportation, and low investments All this
must be accounted for in a successful urban
strategy.
42. Housing in India
• To meet the growing demand of houses for
the millions, we have not only to build
houses but also plan towns near existing
urban areas. Neighborhood units, Satellite
towns, Suburbs, Garden cities, seem to be a
reasonable solution for the housing problem.
In short we require properly planned long term
housing strategy.
44. Agencies for Housing Schemes
• The following are the agencies established with a
view to tackle housing problem under various
housing schemes:
• State Housing Board
• Co-operative Housing Society
• Private Enterprises
• Individuals
45. State Housing Board
• To undertake housing programmes, to arrange for
finance, to work in liaison between the central
agencies and the state, housing boards have been set
up in many states.
• The function of the Boards :
• To construct new houses to reduce the shortage of
houses.
• To increase the standard of the types of houses to be
constructed by other agencies.
• To implement the Housing schemes of State and
Central Government as are entrusted to it from time to
time.
47. Co-operative Housing
• It is a society or a legal body indulging in
house construction on co-operative basis.
The legal body functions according to the rule
and regulations framed by the society.
• A number of Housing Societies have come a
long way in solving the housing problem
successfully.
49. Private enterprisers
• Now a days many private enterprises have
entered the field of house construction. They
invest their own money for the construction
of houses, flats, which are later sold at fancy
prices. Usually these enterprisers are
interested to get high returns.
