SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 16
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
CHAPTER 4
PLANNING
INTRODUCTION
 Planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do. It is
one of the basic managerial functions.
 Before doing something, the manager must formulate an idea of
how to work on a particular task.
 Thus, planning is closely connected with creativity and
Innovation.
 But the manager would first have to set objectives, only then
will a manager know where he has to go.
 Planning seeks to bridge the gap between where we are and
where we want to go. Planning is what managers at all levels do.
It requires taking decisions since it involves making a choice
from alternative courses of action.
MEANING
• Deciding in advance what to do& how to do it. It is one
of the basic managerial functions.
• It involves 2 aspects:
Setting of aims and objectives of the organization +
Selecting and developing an appropriate course of
action to achieve these objectives.
• Koontz and O‘Donnell – ―Planning is deciding in
advance what to do, how to do, when to do, and who
to do it. Planning bridges the gap from where we are
to where we want to go. It makes it possible for things
to occur which would not otherwise happen.
IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
1. Planning provides directions: By stating in advance how the work
is to be done planning provides direction for action. If there was
no planning, employees would be working in different directions
and the organization would not be able to achieve its goals
efficiently.
2. Planning reduces the risk of uncertainty: Planning is an activity
which helps the manager to look ahead, expect change and make
plans to face it.
3. Planning reduces wasteful activities: It bring together efforts of
all departments reduces wastage and duplication.
4. Planning promotes innovative ideas: Managers get the
opportunity to develop new ideas and new ideas
5. Planning facilities decision making: Under planning targets are
laid down. The manager has to evaluate/ assess each option and
select the most suitable option.
6. Planning establishes standards for controlling: Planning provides
basis for controlling. In order to control anything the manager
needs to plan first.
FEATURES OF PLANNING
FEATURES OF PLANNING
 1. Planning focuses on achieving objectives: Planning helps to achieve
general goals and specific goals.
 2. Planning is a primary function of management: Planning lays down the
base for other functions of management.
 3. Planning is pervasive: Planning is required at all levels of management as
well as in all departments of the organisation. The scope of planning is
different at different levels and for different departments.
 4. Planning is continuous: Planning is not an one time activity it is
continuous. (FRAME A PLAN- IMPLEMENT IT- RE –PLAN )
 5. Planning is futuristic: The purpose of planning is to meet future events and
help the organisation. Planning involves predicting future events and
conditions and making the plans accordingly.
 6. Planning involves decision making: An organisation has multiple ways of
doing a job , and in that various alternatives , Planning helps to choose the
best and decide.
 7. Planning is a mental exercise: Planning requires application of the mind
involving foresight. Planning is an intellectual activity, which requires logical
and systematic thinking rather than guess work.
LIMITATIONS OF PLANNING
1. Planning leads to rigidity: Planning discourages individual’s initiative
&creativity. The managers do not make changes according to changing
business environment. They stop taking or giving suggestions and new
ideas.
2. Planning may not work in dynamic environment:=Environment keeps on
changing hence, plans also should be changing
3. Planning involves huge costs: When plans are drawn up, huge cost is
involved in their formulation.
4. Planning is time consuming: Planning takes a lot of time
5. Planning does not guarantee success: The success of an enterprise is
possible only when plans are implemented. Sometimes even after making a
good plan it may not be successful.
6. Planning reduces creativity: The top management delegates work to
Middle management hence the creativity of other levels of management
reduces since they only follow orders.
PROCESS OF PLANNING
1. SETTING OBJECTIVES:
 Objectives specify what the organization wants to achieve.
 Goals can be set for the whole organisation or for each department.
 After the goals has been set, it has to be communicated to all department & employees.
 Objective of the company, has to be understood clearly by the employees.
 For Ex- The objective of Mysore Sandal Company is to start a new Production
Department for producing of 10000 Mysore Sandal Perfumes.
2. DEVELOPING PREMISES:
 The Business managers cannot predict the future, though they are uncertain of future the
business cannot stop its work, hence the managers should make some plans by assuming some
things.
 These assumptions, which provide the basis for planning, are called premises.
 Managers can assume changes Internally & Externally such as -
• Internal premises: Changes in Capital, New Machinery, Increase in Sales
• External premises: Changes in technology, population growth, competition, government
policies etc
Ex- Mysore Sandal has decided to start production of Perfume bottles, and the business manager has
observed that the Government has stopped the permission for Importing perfumes from foreign
countries.
Hence the Manager has assumed that there can be Increase in Demand for Perfumes so the production
department decides to produce 20000 perfume bottles.- Based on Premises
STEPS IN PLANNING/PLANNING PROCESS
STEPS IN PLANNING/PLANNING PROCESS
3. IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION:
After setting the objectives, managers should make a list of options/alternatives available to
them to achieve its objectives.
To achieve an objective there are many ways, and the manager should identify all of it.
Ex- Mysore Sandal has started to produce 20000 perfume bottles, in order to achieve its
objectives it has multiple options such as –
 Buying New Machinery
 Hiring New Employees
 Making the existing employees work for Extra Time - OT
4. EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION
After making a list of options available to achieve the objectives, the Manager should asses or
calculate the positive & negative points of each option and its feasibility.
Ex- Mysore Sandal has multiple options to increase their production such as -
 Buying New Machinery - if this method is chosen it is costly & negative
 Hiring New Employees – appointing new employees & training them is time consuming &
costly.
 Making the existing employees work for Extra Time – OT – Making current employees work
over time is a positive option because it is less costly.
STEPS IN PLANNING/PLANNING PROCESS
5. SELECTING THE BEST ALTERNATIVE
It is a point of decision-making, in this stage the Best plan has to be adopted and
implemented. The plan that is most profitable should be selected.
Ex- Mysore Sandal has decided that in order to produce 20000 perfumes it has
chosen the option of making existing employees work for Extra Time
6. IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN- Is a process of putting the plan into action. For
implementing the plans, managers start organizing & assembling resources for it
Ex- Mysore Sandal Company has started the production then then additional
labour & machinery will be required. Hence it has to make necessary
arrangements for it.
7. Follow Up Action
– This involves monitoring the plans and ensuring that activities are performed
according to the schedule.
– Whenever there are deviations from plans, immediate action has to be taken to
bring implementation according to the plan or make changes in the plan
Ex- The production manager of Mysore Sandal has to monitor if the production is
carried out as per planned, and he has observed that instead of 20000 perfumes it
has produced only 18,000 due to Machinery breakdown. Hence he has to arrange
for the Machinery repair and immediately produce the 2000 perfumes.
TYPES OF PLAN
SINGLE USE PLAN
Is developed for a
one-time event, these
plans are not
repetitive.
It refers to plan
developed for a one-
time project or event
that has one specific
objective.
STANDING PLAN
Are used over and
over again because
they focus on
organizational
situations that occur
repeatedly.
They are also called
repeated use plans.
TYPES OF PLAN
• PROGRAMME
• BUDGETSINGLE
USE
• OBJECTIVES
• STRATEGY
• POLICY
• PROCEDURE
• RULE
• METHOD
STANDING
PLAN
SINGLE USE PLAN
1. PROGRAMME •A programme is a single use plan
•It contains detailed statements about a project
outlining
• The project details such as objectives, policies,
procedures, rules, physical and human resources.
For example- Parle-G has started a new
advertisement programme for promoting Wheat
Breads. This is a short tem activity and not
repeated.
2. BUDGET A budget is an estimated or approximate
statement of expected result expressed in
numerical terms for a definite period of time in the
future.
For Example- Parle –G production team prepares a
Budget to estimate the cost of production for
producing 10,000 kgs of biscuits. It includes cost
such as – Raw Materials, Power Supply, Labor
Wages, Rent etc.
STANDING PLAN
1. Objective – is a plan, that is
repeated, once an objective is
achieved – a new objective is set.
• Objectives are the goals of the
organization.
• Ex- Parle-G wants to increase the
sales of the company by 20%
2. STRATEGY- Is a tactic or an idea of an
organisation used by it to achieve its
objectives,
For Ex- If Parle-G wants to increase its sales
by 20% then the strategy to increase sales is
to market the products in Social Media – Face
book, Instagram etc
3. POLICY- are guidelines &
instructions.
•They guide, assist & direct the
managers to carry out the task.
•Ex- The policy of Parle is to make
Cash sales only no Cards or digital
payments.
4. PROCEDURE- They indicate how a work
has to be done in a systematic manner and
step by step.
Ex- If Parle G has to produce Bread it has to
first arrange for Wheat Flour, Baking Powder,
Machinery, Labour, Oven, & Packing
materials.
5. RULE: specific statement that tells
what is to be done and what not to be
done in a specified situation.
Ex- Parle-G production department
employees should wear gloves, head
cap & mask during the time of
production
6. METHOD: Methods are standardized ways
or manner in which a particular task has to be
performed
Ex- Parle can produce the Breads by manual
method or by using Machine.
END OF CHAPTER

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Grade 12 Chapter 4 Planning .pptx
Grade 12 Chapter 4  Planning .pptxGrade 12 Chapter 4  Planning .pptx
Grade 12 Chapter 4 Planning .pptxShanthini28
 
Accounting for partnership part 1
Accounting for partnership part 1Accounting for partnership part 1
Accounting for partnership part 1akaynation
 
Nature and significance of management
Nature and significance of managementNature and significance of management
Nature and significance of managementARS Talent Academy
 
Accounting concepts and convention
Accounting concepts and conventionAccounting concepts and convention
Accounting concepts and conventionrahul kapoliya
 
A PROJECT WORK BASED ON MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES CLASS - 12
A PROJECT WORK BASED ON MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES CLASS - 12A PROJECT WORK BASED ON MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES CLASS - 12
A PROJECT WORK BASED ON MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES CLASS - 12Rishabh Shah
 
conrolling process and management business studies
conrolling process and management business studiesconrolling process and management business studies
conrolling process and management business studiesanant agarwal
 
Government budget and the economy
Government budget and the economyGovernment budget and the economy
Government budget and the economyAnjana P.V.Nair
 
Nature and significance of management
Nature and significance of managementNature and significance of management
Nature and significance of managementPreksha Mehta
 
CH: 1 INDIAN ECONOMY ON EVE OF INDEPENDENCE
CH: 1 INDIAN ECONOMY ON EVE OF INDEPENDENCECH: 1 INDIAN ECONOMY ON EVE OF INDEPENDENCE
CH: 1 INDIAN ECONOMY ON EVE OF INDEPENDENCECS. Sohil Gajjar
 
Staffing class 12 Business
Staffing class 12 BusinessStaffing class 12 Business
Staffing class 12 BusinessNeha Singh
 
Principles of Management
Principles of Management Principles of Management
Principles of Management Preksha Mehta
 
Nature and scope of business
Nature and scope of businessNature and scope of business
Nature and scope of businessindianeducation
 
Management nature and significance
Management nature and significanceManagement nature and significance
Management nature and significancegeeta mogle
 
human Capital formation
 human Capital formation human Capital formation
human Capital formationmadan kumar
 
Cash Flow and Fund Flow Statements - Importance and Limitations, Distinction
Cash Flow and Fund Flow Statements - Importance and Limitations, DistinctionCash Flow and Fund Flow Statements - Importance and Limitations, Distinction
Cash Flow and Fund Flow Statements - Importance and Limitations, DistinctionAnila Titus
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

ORGANISING
ORGANISINGORGANISING
ORGANISING
 
Grade 12 Chapter 4 Planning .pptx
Grade 12 Chapter 4  Planning .pptxGrade 12 Chapter 4  Planning .pptx
Grade 12 Chapter 4 Planning .pptx
 
Chapter 5 Organising
Chapter   5 OrganisingChapter   5 Organising
Chapter 5 Organising
 
Accounting for partnership part 1
Accounting for partnership part 1Accounting for partnership part 1
Accounting for partnership part 1
 
Nature and significance of management
Nature and significance of managementNature and significance of management
Nature and significance of management
 
Accounting concepts and convention
Accounting concepts and conventionAccounting concepts and convention
Accounting concepts and convention
 
A PROJECT WORK BASED ON MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES CLASS - 12
A PROJECT WORK BASED ON MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES CLASS - 12A PROJECT WORK BASED ON MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES CLASS - 12
A PROJECT WORK BASED ON MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES CLASS - 12
 
Controlling 2 ppt
Controlling 2 pptControlling 2 ppt
Controlling 2 ppt
 
conrolling process and management business studies
conrolling process and management business studiesconrolling process and management business studies
conrolling process and management business studies
 
Government budget and the economy
Government budget and the economyGovernment budget and the economy
Government budget and the economy
 
Economic reforms in india
Economic reforms in indiaEconomic reforms in india
Economic reforms in india
 
Nature and significance of management
Nature and significance of managementNature and significance of management
Nature and significance of management
 
CH: 1 INDIAN ECONOMY ON EVE OF INDEPENDENCE
CH: 1 INDIAN ECONOMY ON EVE OF INDEPENDENCECH: 1 INDIAN ECONOMY ON EVE OF INDEPENDENCE
CH: 1 INDIAN ECONOMY ON EVE OF INDEPENDENCE
 
Staffing class 12 Business
Staffing class 12 BusinessStaffing class 12 Business
Staffing class 12 Business
 
government budget
government budgetgovernment budget
government budget
 
Principles of Management
Principles of Management Principles of Management
Principles of Management
 
Nature and scope of business
Nature and scope of businessNature and scope of business
Nature and scope of business
 
Management nature and significance
Management nature and significanceManagement nature and significance
Management nature and significance
 
human Capital formation
 human Capital formation human Capital formation
human Capital formation
 
Cash Flow and Fund Flow Statements - Importance and Limitations, Distinction
Cash Flow and Fund Flow Statements - Importance and Limitations, DistinctionCash Flow and Fund Flow Statements - Importance and Limitations, Distinction
Cash Flow and Fund Flow Statements - Importance and Limitations, Distinction
 

Ähnlich wie Planning ppt class 12 business studies

pdf_20230623_152706_0000.pdf
pdf_20230623_152706_0000.pdfpdf_20230623_152706_0000.pdf
pdf_20230623_152706_0000.pdfNikhil603440
 
Presentation pom
Presentation pomPresentation pom
Presentation pomRaj vardhan
 
Planning and decision making
Planning and decision making Planning and decision making
Planning and decision making Preeti Bhaskar
 
Unit II Planning.pptx
Unit II Planning.pptxUnit II Planning.pptx
Unit II Planning.pptxarivu123
 
case studies with answers.docx
case studies with answers.docxcase studies with answers.docx
case studies with answers.docxlalithasuresh6
 
Pedagogy I Commerce.pptx
Pedagogy I Commerce.pptxPedagogy I Commerce.pptx
Pedagogy I Commerce.pptxMitthan Lal
 
Ch 4 Planning Bst .pptx.................
Ch 4 Planning Bst .pptx.................Ch 4 Planning Bst .pptx.................
Ch 4 Planning Bst .pptx.................Anoopsaini20
 
Semester 1 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Chapter 2 PLANNING
Semester 1 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT  Chapter 2 PLANNINGSemester 1 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT  Chapter 2 PLANNING
Semester 1 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Chapter 2 PLANNINGMAHUA MUKHERJEE
 
Principle of Management Unit 2.pptx
Principle of Management Unit 2.pptxPrinciple of Management Unit 2.pptx
Principle of Management Unit 2.pptxNgN Menakan
 
Chapter 3 - Planning MGT420
Chapter 3 - Planning MGT420Chapter 3 - Planning MGT420
Chapter 3 - Planning MGT420Ismi Hawa Ahmad
 
Session 3 A PLANNING.pptx
Session 3 A PLANNING.pptxSession 3 A PLANNING.pptx
Session 3 A PLANNING.pptxArchanaPoonia1
 
22_BCM53_2020112904583290.pdf
22_BCM53_2020112904583290.pdf22_BCM53_2020112904583290.pdf
22_BCM53_2020112904583290.pdfAmarchandJi
 

Ähnlich wie Planning ppt class 12 business studies (20)

pdf_20230623_152706_0000.pdf
pdf_20230623_152706_0000.pdfpdf_20230623_152706_0000.pdf
pdf_20230623_152706_0000.pdf
 
PLANNING.pptx
PLANNING.pptxPLANNING.pptx
PLANNING.pptx
 
Presentation pom
Presentation pomPresentation pom
Presentation pom
 
Chapter - Planning
Chapter - PlanningChapter - Planning
Chapter - Planning
 
Planning and decision making
Planning and decision making Planning and decision making
Planning and decision making
 
Unit II Planning.pptx
Unit II Planning.pptxUnit II Planning.pptx
Unit II Planning.pptx
 
Planning management process
Planning   management processPlanning   management process
Planning management process
 
case studies with answers.docx
case studies with answers.docxcase studies with answers.docx
case studies with answers.docx
 
Planning
PlanningPlanning
Planning
 
Pedagogy I Commerce.pptx
Pedagogy I Commerce.pptxPedagogy I Commerce.pptx
Pedagogy I Commerce.pptx
 
Topic for Organization and Management 'Planning'
Topic for Organization and Management 'Planning'Topic for Organization and Management 'Planning'
Topic for Organization and Management 'Planning'
 
Planning
Planning Planning
Planning
 
Ch 4 Planning Bst .pptx.................
Ch 4 Planning Bst .pptx.................Ch 4 Planning Bst .pptx.................
Ch 4 Planning Bst .pptx.................
 
Semester 1 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Chapter 2 PLANNING
Semester 1 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT  Chapter 2 PLANNINGSemester 1 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT  Chapter 2 PLANNING
Semester 1 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Chapter 2 PLANNING
 
Principle of Management Unit 2.pptx
Principle of Management Unit 2.pptxPrinciple of Management Unit 2.pptx
Principle of Management Unit 2.pptx
 
Planning
PlanningPlanning
Planning
 
Unit 3 pom
Unit 3  pomUnit 3  pom
Unit 3 pom
 
Chapter 3 - Planning MGT420
Chapter 3 - Planning MGT420Chapter 3 - Planning MGT420
Chapter 3 - Planning MGT420
 
Session 3 A PLANNING.pptx
Session 3 A PLANNING.pptxSession 3 A PLANNING.pptx
Session 3 A PLANNING.pptx
 
22_BCM53_2020112904583290.pdf
22_BCM53_2020112904583290.pdf22_BCM53_2020112904583290.pdf
22_BCM53_2020112904583290.pdf
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 

Planning ppt class 12 business studies

  • 2. INTRODUCTION  Planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do. It is one of the basic managerial functions.  Before doing something, the manager must formulate an idea of how to work on a particular task.  Thus, planning is closely connected with creativity and Innovation.  But the manager would first have to set objectives, only then will a manager know where he has to go.  Planning seeks to bridge the gap between where we are and where we want to go. Planning is what managers at all levels do. It requires taking decisions since it involves making a choice from alternative courses of action.
  • 3. MEANING • Deciding in advance what to do& how to do it. It is one of the basic managerial functions. • It involves 2 aspects: Setting of aims and objectives of the organization + Selecting and developing an appropriate course of action to achieve these objectives. • Koontz and O‘Donnell – ―Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, when to do, and who to do it. Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go. It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise happen.
  • 4. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING 1. Planning provides directions: By stating in advance how the work is to be done planning provides direction for action. If there was no planning, employees would be working in different directions and the organization would not be able to achieve its goals efficiently. 2. Planning reduces the risk of uncertainty: Planning is an activity which helps the manager to look ahead, expect change and make plans to face it. 3. Planning reduces wasteful activities: It bring together efforts of all departments reduces wastage and duplication. 4. Planning promotes innovative ideas: Managers get the opportunity to develop new ideas and new ideas 5. Planning facilities decision making: Under planning targets are laid down. The manager has to evaluate/ assess each option and select the most suitable option. 6. Planning establishes standards for controlling: Planning provides basis for controlling. In order to control anything the manager needs to plan first.
  • 6. FEATURES OF PLANNING  1. Planning focuses on achieving objectives: Planning helps to achieve general goals and specific goals.  2. Planning is a primary function of management: Planning lays down the base for other functions of management.  3. Planning is pervasive: Planning is required at all levels of management as well as in all departments of the organisation. The scope of planning is different at different levels and for different departments.  4. Planning is continuous: Planning is not an one time activity it is continuous. (FRAME A PLAN- IMPLEMENT IT- RE –PLAN )  5. Planning is futuristic: The purpose of planning is to meet future events and help the organisation. Planning involves predicting future events and conditions and making the plans accordingly.  6. Planning involves decision making: An organisation has multiple ways of doing a job , and in that various alternatives , Planning helps to choose the best and decide.  7. Planning is a mental exercise: Planning requires application of the mind involving foresight. Planning is an intellectual activity, which requires logical and systematic thinking rather than guess work.
  • 7. LIMITATIONS OF PLANNING 1. Planning leads to rigidity: Planning discourages individual’s initiative &creativity. The managers do not make changes according to changing business environment. They stop taking or giving suggestions and new ideas. 2. Planning may not work in dynamic environment:=Environment keeps on changing hence, plans also should be changing 3. Planning involves huge costs: When plans are drawn up, huge cost is involved in their formulation. 4. Planning is time consuming: Planning takes a lot of time 5. Planning does not guarantee success: The success of an enterprise is possible only when plans are implemented. Sometimes even after making a good plan it may not be successful. 6. Planning reduces creativity: The top management delegates work to Middle management hence the creativity of other levels of management reduces since they only follow orders.
  • 9. 1. SETTING OBJECTIVES:  Objectives specify what the organization wants to achieve.  Goals can be set for the whole organisation or for each department.  After the goals has been set, it has to be communicated to all department & employees.  Objective of the company, has to be understood clearly by the employees.  For Ex- The objective of Mysore Sandal Company is to start a new Production Department for producing of 10000 Mysore Sandal Perfumes. 2. DEVELOPING PREMISES:  The Business managers cannot predict the future, though they are uncertain of future the business cannot stop its work, hence the managers should make some plans by assuming some things.  These assumptions, which provide the basis for planning, are called premises.  Managers can assume changes Internally & Externally such as - • Internal premises: Changes in Capital, New Machinery, Increase in Sales • External premises: Changes in technology, population growth, competition, government policies etc Ex- Mysore Sandal has decided to start production of Perfume bottles, and the business manager has observed that the Government has stopped the permission for Importing perfumes from foreign countries. Hence the Manager has assumed that there can be Increase in Demand for Perfumes so the production department decides to produce 20000 perfume bottles.- Based on Premises STEPS IN PLANNING/PLANNING PROCESS
  • 10. STEPS IN PLANNING/PLANNING PROCESS 3. IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION: After setting the objectives, managers should make a list of options/alternatives available to them to achieve its objectives. To achieve an objective there are many ways, and the manager should identify all of it. Ex- Mysore Sandal has started to produce 20000 perfume bottles, in order to achieve its objectives it has multiple options such as –  Buying New Machinery  Hiring New Employees  Making the existing employees work for Extra Time - OT 4. EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION After making a list of options available to achieve the objectives, the Manager should asses or calculate the positive & negative points of each option and its feasibility. Ex- Mysore Sandal has multiple options to increase their production such as -  Buying New Machinery - if this method is chosen it is costly & negative  Hiring New Employees – appointing new employees & training them is time consuming & costly.  Making the existing employees work for Extra Time – OT – Making current employees work over time is a positive option because it is less costly.
  • 11. STEPS IN PLANNING/PLANNING PROCESS 5. SELECTING THE BEST ALTERNATIVE It is a point of decision-making, in this stage the Best plan has to be adopted and implemented. The plan that is most profitable should be selected. Ex- Mysore Sandal has decided that in order to produce 20000 perfumes it has chosen the option of making existing employees work for Extra Time 6. IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN- Is a process of putting the plan into action. For implementing the plans, managers start organizing & assembling resources for it Ex- Mysore Sandal Company has started the production then then additional labour & machinery will be required. Hence it has to make necessary arrangements for it. 7. Follow Up Action – This involves monitoring the plans and ensuring that activities are performed according to the schedule. – Whenever there are deviations from plans, immediate action has to be taken to bring implementation according to the plan or make changes in the plan Ex- The production manager of Mysore Sandal has to monitor if the production is carried out as per planned, and he has observed that instead of 20000 perfumes it has produced only 18,000 due to Machinery breakdown. Hence he has to arrange for the Machinery repair and immediately produce the 2000 perfumes.
  • 12. TYPES OF PLAN SINGLE USE PLAN Is developed for a one-time event, these plans are not repetitive. It refers to plan developed for a one- time project or event that has one specific objective. STANDING PLAN Are used over and over again because they focus on organizational situations that occur repeatedly. They are also called repeated use plans.
  • 13. TYPES OF PLAN • PROGRAMME • BUDGETSINGLE USE • OBJECTIVES • STRATEGY • POLICY • PROCEDURE • RULE • METHOD STANDING PLAN
  • 14. SINGLE USE PLAN 1. PROGRAMME •A programme is a single use plan •It contains detailed statements about a project outlining • The project details such as objectives, policies, procedures, rules, physical and human resources. For example- Parle-G has started a new advertisement programme for promoting Wheat Breads. This is a short tem activity and not repeated. 2. BUDGET A budget is an estimated or approximate statement of expected result expressed in numerical terms for a definite period of time in the future. For Example- Parle –G production team prepares a Budget to estimate the cost of production for producing 10,000 kgs of biscuits. It includes cost such as – Raw Materials, Power Supply, Labor Wages, Rent etc.
  • 15. STANDING PLAN 1. Objective – is a plan, that is repeated, once an objective is achieved – a new objective is set. • Objectives are the goals of the organization. • Ex- Parle-G wants to increase the sales of the company by 20% 2. STRATEGY- Is a tactic or an idea of an organisation used by it to achieve its objectives, For Ex- If Parle-G wants to increase its sales by 20% then the strategy to increase sales is to market the products in Social Media – Face book, Instagram etc 3. POLICY- are guidelines & instructions. •They guide, assist & direct the managers to carry out the task. •Ex- The policy of Parle is to make Cash sales only no Cards or digital payments. 4. PROCEDURE- They indicate how a work has to be done in a systematic manner and step by step. Ex- If Parle G has to produce Bread it has to first arrange for Wheat Flour, Baking Powder, Machinery, Labour, Oven, & Packing materials. 5. RULE: specific statement that tells what is to be done and what not to be done in a specified situation. Ex- Parle-G production department employees should wear gloves, head cap & mask during the time of production 6. METHOD: Methods are standardized ways or manner in which a particular task has to be performed Ex- Parle can produce the Breads by manual method or by using Machine.