1. Dr Eric E. Stannard
CEO of HDMGlobal
Road Management and HDM-4

2. An Introduction to HDM-4
This presentation Will give a brief overview of the current use of
HDM-4 throughout the World before giving a short introduction to
the features of the HDM-4 software.

3. 3
• PIARC retains the copyright for HDM-4 on behalf of all the
stakeholders
• PIARC signed a concession agreement with HDMGlobal in
2005, 2010, and 2015 to provide the following HDM-4
services:
• Sales
• Technical Support
• Training, dissemination and user forums
• Software maintenance and development
HDM-4 – Background

4. 4
• Over 2,350 licences have been sold to over 110 different
countries, users include:
• Government departments
• Construction agencies
• Research institutions
• Funding/development banks
• Individual consultants
• Universities and training
organisations
• 45+ training courses and seminars given by HDMGlobal
• South America accounts for ~20% of these sales
HDM-4 Version 2 – Sales & Training

5. HDM Background
• HDM origins in Highway Cost Model studies in 1970’s
• HDM-III Structured Empirical-Mechanistic Models, 1987
• HDM-4 starts in 1994 with major sponsors and many additional
contributors
• Extensive HDM-4 development and applications by road authorities,
and other organisations and individuals
• Version 1.0 released by PIARC in 2000
• Management and development concession awarded to HDMGlobal in
2005
• Version 2.0 released in 2005
5

6. What is HDM-4?
• HDM-4 is a decision-support tool for the investigation of road
investment choices.
• It provides tools for the following planning and management
activities:
 Programming road works
 Estimating funding requirements
 Budget Allocations
 Predicting road network
performance
 Project appraisal
 Policy impact studies
6

7. HDM-4 Analytical Framework
• Based on the concept of life cycle analysis
• Predicts road network performance as a function of:
• Traffic volumes and loading
• Road pavement type and strength
• Maintenance standards
• Environment / Climate
• Quantifies benefits to road users from:
• Savings in vehicle operating costs (VOC)
• Reduced road user travel times
• Decrease in number of accidents
• Environmental effects (vehicle emissions)
7

8. Maintenance, Improvement, Investment
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Year
RoughnessinIRIm/km
Overlay at 5 IRI m/km
Mean = 3.8 IRI m/km
Overlay at 4 IRI m/km
Mean = 3.4 IRI m/km
Routine Maintenance Only
Intervention Level
8

9. Impact of Road Condition on Users
Road Condition (IRI)
RoadUserCosts($/veh-km)
Good Poor
Car
Pickup/utility
Heavy Truck
Bus
Rickshaw
9

10. Outcome: Optimising Total Transport Costs
Optimum
Total
Road
User
Road
Agency
Costs
Highway
Standard
(Low) (High)
10

11. HDM-4 Software
• Runs on Windows Operating System
• Operates in three languages: English / French /
Spanish
• Comes with:
• Example case studies to demonstrate typical
applications
• Comprehensive documentation
• Periodic software updates
• Technical support from HDMGlobal
• Online user-forums hosted on LinkedIn for user
interaction
11

12. HDM-4 Software – Data Requirements
• Configuration – used to configure and calibrate
HDM-4 to the local conditions
• Vehicle Fleet – defines the vehicles that use the
road network to be analysed
• Road Network – defines the network, or part of
the network that is to be analysed (sections)
• Maintenance Standards – defines the set of
operations you carry out on the network to
maintain it
• Improvements Standards – defines
enhancements to the network
• New Constructions – defines new sections to be
added to the network
• Analysis (Project / Programme / Strategy) –
allows the user to define alternative investment
options for the network to be analysed
12

13. HDM-4 Analysis Types
• Strategic Analysis: prepare medium to long term planning estimates of
funding needs for road network development and maintenance. The
impact of different Budget Scenarios can be estimated together with the
Asset Value of the network.
• Programme Analysis: prepare a rolling work programmes of optimum
pavement maintenance and/or road improvement projects which can
be carried out within specified budget constraints.
• Project Analysis: estimate the economic or engineering viability of
road investment projects by determining the pavement performance,
road agency and user costs, and the resulting the economic
indicators.
13

14. HDM-4 Analysis Types
• Research and Policy Studies: used to conduct a number of road
sector policy studies including:
• Funding policies for competing needs, e.g. feeder versus main roads
• Impacts of road transport policy changes on energy consumption
• Impact of axle load limits
• Pavement maintenance and rehabilitation standards
14

15. HDM-4 Applications
• Road sector policy studies
• Strategic planning of road network development, improvement &
maintenance
• Determination of funding requirements, asset value
• Evaluate impact of strategies on performance and costs
• Evaluate optimal strategies under alternative budget constraints
• Preparation of multi-year road work programmes
• Economic appraisal of individual road projects
• Research/Policy studies
15

16. Policy Formulation
• Road pricing
• road use costs
• congestion costs
• Vehicle regulations
• axle load limits
• energy consumption, vehicle emissions & noise
• Engineering Standards
• sustainable road network size
• pavement design and maintenance standards
16

17. Strategic Planning
• Forecast scenarios of revenues & available budget
• Assess current condition of assets
• Forecast traffic demands (from road network plan)
• Evaluate impact of strategies on performance and costs - using
predictive model
• Optimize strategies under alternative budget scenarios - maximize
NPV for each scenario
• Determine multi-year program allocations & performance
17

18. 2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
AverageRoughness(IRI)
$20m
$15m
$10m
Annual
Budget
Target = 3.5 IRI
Network or sub-network
Effect of Investment on Performance
18

19. 0
50
100
150
200
250
2000 2001 2002 2003
US$m/year.
Development
Improvement
Periodic
Routine
Optimal Budget Requirements
19

20. Can we believe the outputs?
• Yes – If local calibration has been undertaken!
• HDM-4 has proved suitable in a range of countries
• As with any model, need to carefully scrutinise output against
judgement
• If unexpected predictions result - problem with (a) data (b) calibration
(c) the models, or (d) your judgement
2020

21. RD & WE Models Calibration – Australian Example

22. RUE Models – Australian Example
Calibration of the parts and
labour models produced a 60% -
70% reduction in the medium
car
For the 6 axle artic truck,
the reduction is between
80% - 90%
MediumCar Maintenance Cost vRoughness
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Roughness (IRI)
Maintenancecost(Cents/km)
HDM-4Default
HDM-4Aus Cal.
HDM-IIIAus.
6Axle ArticMaintenance Cost vRoughness
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Roughness (IRI)
Maintenancecost(Cents/km)
HDM-4Default
HDM-4Aus Cal.
HDM-IIIAus.

23. Overview - Summary
• HDM-4 is based on a well established economic analysis framework
• Models derived from large scale field experiments conducted world-
wide, but local adaptation essential
• International standard tool for road sector planning and management
• Provides a common framework for analysis of road management
options
• International and regional technical support behind HDM-4
23

24. Información
Nombre
Dr Eric E. Stannard
Cargo del Relator
CEO of HDMGlobal
Empresa
HDMGlobal
Sitio web
www.hdmglobal.com
Correo Electrónico
e.e.stannard@bham.ac.uk