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Proceedings of 
       Consultation Workshop for Preparing Ganga River Basin Management Plan by IITs 
                  Saturday, August 28, 2010 at Out Reach Complex, IIT Kanpur 
 
Inaugural Session  (Chair: Shri Jairam Ramesh, MEF, GoI, New Delhi) 
The  IIT  Team  (Vinod  Tare,  IIT  Kanpur;  A  K  Gosain,  IIT  Delhi,  and  T  V  Prabhakar,  IIT  Kanpur)  made  a 
presentation giving briefly overview of the proposal, creation of data centre and data requirement, and 
launch of communication portal Gangapedia. Copy of the presentation is at Annexure I.  NGRBA expert 
members, officials of the state and central government were invited to give comments and suggestions.  
 
Rajendra Singh, Expert Member, NGRBA 
 Policy of the Ganga River Basin Management Plan should have been stated in the presentation. 
 Just do not keep on harping on the success, that brings in arrogance; accept failure of GAP that will 
    bring in more transparency. 
 All  stake  holders  of  Ganga  system  have  not  been  made  responsible;  assign  the  role  and 
    responsibility to all stake holders: Farmers, Panda’s, Poojari’s, Sadhu/Sanyasi, Boatmen, Fishermen, 
    etc. 
 Study and use the rich Indian Ganga System Knowledge.  
 Link civil society along both sides of Ganga; the Ganga riparian society. 
 Setting of NGRBA is a good opportunity for all of us; give responsibility to all stake holders. GRBMP 
    must state roles and responsibility of the society. 

Rama Rauta, Expert Member, NGRBA 
 Scientists and engineers at BHU seminar promised that they can clean Ganga in 3 years if they are 
   given the responsibility; the responsibility has been given to you now. Clean in at least 5 years if not 
   in 3 years. 

R H Siddiqui, Expert Member, NGRBA 
 Over use of Ganga water; think on how to improve habits of farmers. 
 It is assumed that there is excess flow in the basin over and above the e‐flow requirement of the 
    river. 
 Methods of irrigation need to be changed, very difficult work. 
 Very difficult to have success of GRBMP. 
 If society can be linked as Rajendra Singh Jee says, that will be good. 

Ravi Chopra, Expert Member, NGRBA 
 Preparing GRBMP is very challenging as the plan has to be acceptable to the people of India; It is an 
   ultimate test of IITs. However, I feel confident after listening to the presentation made by IITs. 
 MoU Document needs to be modified. It does not recognize physical impairment of the Ganga river. 
 Main stream of Ganga must be maintained close to its pristine and natural state as it is a National 
   River.  Plan  must  tell  us  how  the  river  would  moves  towards  natural  state  in  next  5,  10,  15  or  50 
   years. 
 NGRBA is missing in Organizational Chart 
K J Nath, Expert Member, NGRBA 
 State governments are preparing projects without getting any communications from IITs.  
 State governments are not aware of the IITs thinking of not using the assimilative capacity concept; 
    it is very ambitious, should be very careful.  
 State government should be taken into confidence 
 How to collate and integrate scattered available data and information; again it is very challenging. 
 Principles and premise of road map for GRBMP should be clear. 
 Capacity of ULBs is almost nil as of now. What will you suggest to GoI to improve ULBs capacity? 
 Some initial guidelines from IITs to state governments should be sent to prepare proposals 

A K Srivastav, UP Jal Nigam 
 Technical aspects, mainly STPs were considered; now we know many aspects have to be considered. 

Debashish Sen, Principal Secretary, Urban Development, West Bengal 
 The third tier of governance needs to be integrated into the system i.e the panchayats. Along with 
   this, the state governments and civil society should also be taken into account under GRBMP.  
 How can the river be used as a source of revenue generation for the very poor people who live on 
   the  banks  of  the  river?  This  question  must  be  addressed.  Now  if  we  cannot  provide  an  economic 
   improvement activity perhaps it would not lead to desired outcomes.  
 Importance  of  Solid  Waste  Management:  We  are  concentrating  on  sewage  interception  methods 
   and on the other hand everyday what you and I throw in the kitchen accumulates on the riversides.  
   SWM at household level must be considered and planned for.  
 There  should  be  a  program  on  teaching  the  importance  of  environmental  cleanliness  and 
   conservation  right  from  the  school  level  onwards.  Programs  on  how  to  keep  Ganga  clean  and 
   integrate it in the curriculum. This should be a small part of the study.  
 Once  everything  is  over  Operation  &  Maintenance  comes  into  picture.  When  the  project  is 
   completed, it would be unrealistic to expect municipality to spend its sparse resources (money) in 
   keeping the river clean. There should be a thought of revenue flow from the beginning.  
 At Farakka when Ganga diverges into Bangladesh, there is a huge problem of hydrological flow due 
   to  the treaty  between  India  &  Bangladesh.  This  happens  during summers  and  is quite  a big  issue. 
   This could be addressed later.  

Mr Gupta, Uttarakhand 
 Funds are constraints. Sharing of 70:30 between Centre and States should be changed to 90:10 as 
   O&M and land costs are born by the states, which effectively makes it to 50:50.  
 Uttarakhand incurs lots of expenditure  on  Kumbh  Mela, Char Dham Yatra,  etc.,  and  we have very 
   less revenue generation. 

Manoj Kumar Singh, Bihar Pollution Control 
 Agriculture  and  other  practices  along  the  river  side  bring  in  lots  of  pollution  over  and  above  the 
   sewage and industrial effluents. 
 Public awareness has to increase. 
Rajiv Gauba, Joint Secretary, MEF 
 Good beginning, but just the beginning. With this workshop, IITs have involved all stakeholders. 
 Submit reports regularly which should reflect the views of all stake holders. 
 Nirmal + Aviral objective is OK, we expect the road map for achieving this from IITs. 

S P Gautam, Chairman, CPCB, New Delhi 
 CPCB  will  take  strict  action  against  violating  industries  in  Kannauj‐Varanasi  stretch.  CPCB  is  also 
    working  on  implementation  of  new  technologies,  for  e.g.  Salt‐less  hides,  distilleries  to  go  on  zero 
    discharge  (use  condensate  in  cement  industries).  We  expect  to  solve  tannery  effluent  problems 
    within six months. 
 CPCB standard of 30 mg/L permissible effluent BOD is of 1984, and is minimum standard. Location 
    specific stringent standards can be enforced. Now we will have to have more stringent standards. 
    Some places we are already implementing 6 mg/L effluent BOD standard. 

D K Gupta, Irrigation Department, UP 
 Central Soil and Water Conservation Unit, Dehradoon has worked on sediment yield and water yield 
    in Himalayan region under Support Bank Project. They have worked on vegetation and bio‐measures 
    for control of sediment and water flow. 
 Magh  mela  at  Allahabad:  We  used  to  release  300  cusec  water  from  Narora  in  Jan‐Feb  and  could 
    provide clean water even in Kumbh mela. Situation was generally acceptable. This arrangement was 
    in place for a decade. Now we are releasing 2500‐2600 cusec water from Narora, yet the situation is 
    not acceptable. Pollution is the main problem. I am for Zero Discharge concept. If we ask people to 
    mix 1 liter sewage and 9 liter fresh water and take bath, no one will accept. But by adopting dilution 
    we  are  essentially  forcing  people  to  take  bath  in  such  sewage  mixed  water.  Also  by  discharging 
    sewage into river we waste nutrients like phosphorous and potassium. Almost 75 % of phosphorous 
    and  100  %  of  potassium  we  are  importing,  and  it  is  not  a  good  idea  to  waste  by  disposing  in  the 
    river. 
 There is a canal and  drainage act which does not allow  discharge of wastewater. In  IPC there  is a 
    provision which says that if any one adversely affects the water quality, it is punishable offense. Ever 
    since  water  act  has  come,  which  allows  disposal  of  waste  in  water/on  land,  has  created  more 
    problem.  
 We are releasing 2500‐2600 cusec water but that is not reaching Kanpur, not to talk of Allahabad. 
    There  are  losses  in  the  river;  river  is  consuming  the  water  because  of  depletion  of  ground  water 
    table. On the other hand we are incurring 35 crores of losses in terms of agriculture production due 
    to this release of water. 

Jairam Ramesh 
 The  intent  of  this  workshop  was  to  involve  NGRBA  expert  members  and  others  stake  holders  in 
    preparation of GRBMP by IITs. 
 To wait for 18 months for the plan to be ready, is not acceptable. We would like to have working 
    paper every 3‐4 months. 
   To start with we must have database of all present and future projects. Decision on future projects 
    should be based on analysis that comes out of this study and should not be the way we had to take 
    decision to scrap some projects after so much expenditure has already been made. 
   Objectives of GRBMP should be very clear. As of now we don’t seem to have complete clarity.  
   Difference  between  GAP  I,  GAP  II  and  NGRBA  approach  is  the  consideration  of  Aviral  Dhara  and 
    strategy for Nirmal Dhara. How to manage basin considering Aviral Dhara? 
   IITs  should  tell  us  on  Nirmal  Dhara;  we  should  have  technologies  which  are  less  land/energy 
    intensive. STPs will be necessary, I don’t agree with those saying STPs are not required. 
   Public  participation  (Ganga  Maha  Panchayat)  and  involvement  of  youth/school/colleges  is 
    necessary, but this will not come in this Basin Management Plan. It is our responsibility to make the 
    GRBMP a public document 
   IITs have made a very detailed proposal. It also has some socio‐economic‐cultural component but it 
    is also our responsibility to tell you what we want. MEF and IITs should work together on this. 
   Training of next generation (M Techs and Ph Ds) is very important. It is very crucial to have some 100 
    young experts for river basin management. It is an opportunity for human resources development. 
    We will give more money if required, we will make civil engineering/water resources management 
    more attractive profession for attracting young talent. 
   I am happy to see all 7 IITs working together. We will meet every 3 months with NGRBA experts at 
    different IITs.  
   We have a new office of NGRBA, delinked with MEF. 12 people are already working. 
   On pollution:  About 75  % is  domestic waste and only  25 %  industrial  waste,  but the later is  more 
    intense.  CPCB should issue notices  under  Section 5A to violating  industries in Kannauj to Varanasi 
    stretch. Nobody takes NGRBA seriously. People want to see results on ground. Action under Section 
    5 on industries can yield immediate results. Intent to be different is there but we must be different 
    on ground also. 
   Make  the  Hindi  version  of  the  proposal.  Also  have  the  website  bi‐lingual.  Local  people  should  be 
    associated from the beginning. 
   Associate  all  NGRBA  expert  members  in  different  aspects  of  the  preparation  of  the  plan.  It  is 
    important to give sense of involvement and ownership to NGRBA expert members, and also state 
    governments. 
   Forestry,  catchment  area  protection  and  treatment,  deforestation  are  very  important  issues. 
    Forestry  people should  be  integral  part  of  the  preparation  of  the  GRBMP.  IITs  should  also  involve 
    NBRI, CLRI, ITRC, etc. as suggested by Rama Rauta ji. 
   Such consultation workshops should be organized every three months. 

                                    
Interactive Sessions  
The  three  interactive  sessions  were  merged  into  one  session  after  the  lunch.  The  agenda  and  the 
preliminary  points  for  discussion  on  SWOT  Analysis  of  GAP  were  presented  by  Dr  Vinod  Tare,  Project 
Coordinator (Refer Annexure I). Following are the comments/suggestions made. 

 
S P Gautam, CPCB, New Delhi 
     As  somebody  mentioned  solid  waste  is  dumped  in  the  drains.  This  also  leads  to  wastewater 
       discharge  in  river.  We  should  go  for  total  recycling  of  solid  waste  (i.e.  waste  having  calorific 
       value) such plants are self sustaining if long term assurance is given to a private entrepreneur. 
       No public/ULB money is required. 

Rajiv Gauba, NRCD, MoEF: 
     Solid  Waste  Management  falls  in  the  domain  of  other  ministries.  We  should  not  lose  sight  of 
        what is practical.  
     We will have to put some similar/corresponding institutional structure at operational level for 
        other ministries. 
     Whatever we recommend, we should have a plan for translating on ground. ULBs ability to do 
        O&M  depends  on  their  capacity.  This  is  not  going  to  improve  overnight.  This  is  linked  to  the 
        overall  capacity  building,  which  again  is  linked  to  the  reforms  of  much  larger  canvas  than  the 
        scope of River Conservation. How do we do that? There should be some mechanism for utilizing 
        the  assets  created  even  when  the  capacity  building  of  ULBs  is  going  on  which  will  take  quiet 
        sometime. IIT Team should think on these aspects.  
     To make the job of state government and local bodies easier to select technology for STP some 
        guideline should be available. We need to be more focused on this. 

K J Nath, NGRBA 
     Is solid waste management also part of your plan? If yes, then there should be a separate bullet 
        for this. Addressing SWM is necessary. 
     State  government  may  prepare  reports  and  that  may  not  be  in  line  of  thinking  of  IITs.  Basic 
        premise of the plan should be given. 
     What are you going to suggest for various types of towns – Big/ Small etc? 
     On  one  side  you  are  saying  no  assimilating  capacity  but  state  governments,  pollution  control 
        boards rely on assimilative capacity 
     If you are thinking of phasing treatment then timeline is very important.  
     It is 2010, if the State Government submit proposal for preliminary now, when they will submit 
        for secondary, tertiary etc? Target for clean Ganga is 2020. 
     Involve  all  stake  holders.  You  have  educated  us,  but  time  bound  action  plan  should  be 
        suggested. 

 

 
Ujjal K Mukhopadhyay, WBPCB: 
     If  you  are  phasing  out  treatment  then  in  the  initial  period  what  will  happen  to  the  treated 
         wastewater? All options for reusing of water need to be looked at rather than disposing into the 
         river. 
     Is  your  plan  considering  clusterization,  appropriate  localization  of  industries,  underground 
         recharges, underground polluted water, etc.  
     Are you doing anything about the groundwater, alternate cropping pattern? 
     My point  is about industrial pollution coming  in a diffused way,  may be through underground 
         recharges and so are you considering clusterization, relocation of industries, etc., which lead to 
         innumerable underground sources of pollution into the river. 
     Strategy  for  constructing  ponds,  recharge  structures  may  be  different  for  different  places. 
         Finding the land for ponds is difficult at least in west Bengal, where the population density is as 
         high as 909 persons per sq km against the national average of 300 persons per sq km. We have 
         to  have  proper  policy  for  this  in  terms  of  revenue  sharing  making  use  of  some  of  the  paleo 
         channels. 
     We don’t need any more legislation. We have smart laws, implement them before intervention 
         of High Court, Supreme Court, etc.  

Debashish Sen, Urban Development, West Bengal 
    The study can also involve the stakeholders of Ganga at present. Such as boatman, fish habitat 
       etc. They also have to be integrated in the plan. The survey of their socio‐economic condition 
       should be done to make a meaningful plan.  

Rajendra Singh, Tarun Bharat Sangh, Jaipur 
     When we are looking at technical solutions we must be very clear in terms of what status we 
       want to give to the river. Class A, Class B or Class C. Accordingly we talk about ecology, e‐flows, 
       etc. 
     Whosoever calls himself a custodian of the river, he should work like a custodian.  
     Today sometime we must decide what status we want to give to river Ganga. MEF has already 
       decided to give A Class status. Then we must work on that. River and sewer must be separated. 
     We should not do dirty politics for waste. Clean politics is don’t pollute.  
     River  is  of  the  Nation  not  only  of  Irrigation  department.  Owner  of  river  is  panchayat,  nagar 
       nigam, etc.  
     It is necessary to make society responsible. The first step is to make Ganga panchayat of riparian 
       users.  They  will  stop  all  nallas.  How  much  of  this  is  possible  I  do  not  know  but  at  least  CPCB 
       should stop discharge of all industrial effluents. CPCB should start the fire, people will argue how 
       development will take place. For that some solution will come out. So your this plan must start 
       the fire.  

 
 
 
D K Gupta, Irrigation Department, UP 
     Proper instruments must be developed to ensure the issue of connection to the sewer line and 
       issues related to design of sewer lines and chocking must be properly addressed.  
     Is  it  only  a  management  plan  or  development  is  also  included?  If  it  is  both  then  you  should 
       mention it. 
     Development should be included so that we make a total plan. 
     Nallas  are  storm  water  drains  and  should  not  be  intercepted.  No  STP  should  be  planned  on 
       these nallas or rivers. When STPs don’t work it will be discharged into the river. 
     Drought  is  due  to  kharif  crop  and  not  rabi  crop.  River  may  dry  like  Sai  River  if  groundwater 
       exploitation is more. 
     Kharif channel concept for recharging is good.  
     Narrow channels all around ponds can also be used for recharging.  
     You can have minimum flow during the dry period only when you store the excess water during 
       the monsoon which otherwise caus floods. 

B B Burman, NRCD, MoEF: 
     If we are talking about critical stretch and ZERO discharge only for critical stretch then we are 
       not doing justice. Industries in the upstream are responsible for making it critical stretch. 

Ravindra Kumar, SWaRA, Lucknow: 
    There was talk about forestry role. Planning commission has done some studies they also have 
       some rolling funds. Environment grants are available if some states adopt good water resources 
       augmentation practices and this should be included in the plan. 
    Greening to retain water, increase organic content to enhance moisture retaining capacity, etc. 
       or practices which can augment water resources, must be looked at while making GRBMP. 
    Why CWC has taken back seat. 
    State bodies such as SWaRA should also be associated. Officially we are not involved. 
    What will be the reference condition? Before the Upper Ganga Canal, i.e. 1840 or so. The flow at 
       that time in Haridwar was 8000 cusec. And against that Canal of 6000 cusec was proposed. 
    Today we are receiving more than 15000 cusec in Haridwar and diverting about 14000 cusec. So 
       this way the flow can be increased and we should think on these lines.  
    Basin  management  does  not  mean  only  the  flow  in  the  river.  We  also  have  to  think  about 
       managing groundwater and that is related to the pricing policy for electricity, etc. Land use and 
       land cover has to be managed. All these aspects have to be included in the basin management.  

Sejal Worah, WWF‐India: 
     How do we interact with IIT Team?  We have done several studies and we would like to share 
       our findings and will be happy if some of our studies are incorporated in the GRBMP.  

 
 
 
 
Ravi Chopra, PSI, Dehradoon: 
    The  bigger  issue  is  how  much  water  should  keep  flowing  in  the  river.  At  the  end  we  should 
       target for natural state in terms of quality and quantity. 
    Some rivers in the world have been restored to their original state once it was realized.  These 
       are small rivers and Ganga is a much bigger river. Once it was realized that it should be done, 
       they took it as a mission and achieved it. For Ganga we have to do this, if we call it a National 
       river.  If  we  can  return  as  close  as  possible  to  its  natural,  pristine  state,  that  is  better.  Aviral 
       Dhara, if we can call it e‐flow, then for A class river there should be no obstacle. 
    For natural flow take 100 years data and take average, and that is what we will mimic in future. 
       Do not look at restricted flow. Look at rain fall, hydrology and compute flows. 
    The higher water demand comes from our present cropping pattern. May be the time will come 
       when we change the cropping pattern and probably also the food habits.  
    We have to change food habits. That is growing more nutritious crops and crops which consume 
       less water. Today our farmers are not growing these crops because of the pricing policy.  
    All this things are possible provided we apply our mind. Are we applying our mind? Something 
       will happen in 10 years, something will be possible in another 20 years, somthing will happen in 
       50 years. We must fix a goal that Ganga flows as close as possible to its natural state in 50 years 
       or whatever. That is what we should do. 

T V Prabhakar, IIT Kanpur: 
     Do we need more laws or each one of us is behaving in irresponsible way.  
     Lack of cleanness is due to lack of governance. No report, no scientific study or technology can 
        help unless it is implemented seriously.  

Sandeep Behera, WWF‐India: 
    The Ecology‐Biodiversity and socio‐cultural aspects are not reflected in your initial action plan. 
      How are you going to address this? 
    Can we add some immediate action plan based on the information available with us? 

Closing Remarks on behalf of the IIT Team 
     We have received very constructive and useful comments. Some of the comments/suggestions 
        are  already  addressed/incorporated  in our  detailed proposal  (available  on  www.gangapedia.in 
        and  also  at  www.iitk.ac.in/eem/grbmp/Proposal.pdf  which  we  could  not  dealt  with  in  our 
        presentation due to paucity  of  time, and the  fact that we wanted to give time to experts and 
        other stakeholders to give comments/suggestions. All suggestions have been noted (as above), 
        and will be considered by various thematic groups. 
     We  will  approach  to  all  individuals/organizations  who  have  done  substantial  work  on  various 
        aspects of Ganga Basin and take their studies/plans forward. 
     We will constitute a special task group for e‐flows, and some other such special tasks. 
     Hindi  version  of  the  Gangapedia  will  be  launched  soon,  and  attempt  will  be  made  to  make 
        documents/reports in Hindi. 
     We  agree  that  we  need  to  involve  society,  and  fix  responsibility  and  define  the  role  of  the 
        society. 
9/11/2010




                                                                                                   Annexure I
                                                                                             Consultation Workshop
                                                                                           Saturday, August 28, 2010         Challenge
                                                                                                          IIT Kanpur




                                                                                                                              Protecting the river system
                                                                                                                                    Continuously flow (              )
                                                                                                                                    Un-polluted Flow (            )
                               Preparation of
                                                                                                                                    Longitudinal, lateral and vertical connectivity
                     Ganga Ri B i M
                     G     River Basin Management Plan
                                                t Pl
                                                                                                                                    Adequate space for various river functions
                                                                                                                                    Ecological entity

                                                                                                                                     Adequate provision for soil, water and
                                                                                                                                                   energy
                                                                                                          Coordinator: 
                                                                                               Dr Vinod Tare, Professor                Growing population, urbanization,
                                                                   Environmental Engineering and Management Programme
                                                                                     Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
                                                                                                            KANPUR ‐ INDIA              industrialization and agriculture




Our Philosophy                                                                                                               Scope

  Can not afford to Experiment with River Like Ganga!
                                                                                                                                                    Maintain
                                                                                                                                 Adequate flow and Appropriate Quality in the River
         Precautionary Principles must apply wherever
            knowledge gaps and uncertainties exist
                                                                                                                             •       Water Resources Planning at the Basin Level
                                                                                                                             •       Influence of Agriculture, Industrialization,
 Apply modern science and new technologies but with                                                                                  Urbanization, etc.
                 traditional wisdom
                                   Gyan Dhara + Jana Gyan


    Supportive Capacity and Assimilative Capacity




Our Approach                                                                                                                 Our Approach


                                         Geomorphological Changes:
                                    Erosion, Sediment Transport/Deposition
                                                 And Floods




 River with unique                                                                  Water Resource Management
  Ecosystem and
    Biodiversity              Gangotri                                                                                                           Gangotri




                                                                      Ganga Sagar                                                                                         Ganga Sagar



                                                                                             Environmental Quality
         Socio-Cultural Heritage                                                                 and Pollution




                                                                                                                                                                                               1
9/11/2010




    Fluvial Geomorphology                                                                                       Trajectories
                                                                                                                 of change                                            Intact

                                                                                                              Turning point                                                    Restored

                                                                                                                                        Intact
                                                                                                                                                  Restored
                                                                                                                                                  condition




                                                                                                              Degraded                                                          Created

                                                                                                                                                               Created
                                                                                                                                                              condition
                                                                                                                                            Turning points




                                                                                                                                       Degraded




  The Mantra:                                                                                                  GRBMP – Some Issues
                                                                                                              • Annual Water Availability (Present and future including climate change
                                                                                                                scenarios) V/S Water Demand (Present and Future)
                                                                                                              • Adequate Storage – On the River, Off the River
                                                                                                                Ponds/Reservoirs/Ground Water Recharge
                                                                                                              • Supportive Capacity
                                                                                                              • E Flow Only in the River, at least up to Varanasi
Thirteen actions are prohibited on approaching the scared waters of the Ganga, namely:
                     p              pp       g                             g ,      y                         • Dilution is not the solution to pollution
      Defecation                                                                                                – Point Sources to be completely eliminated and Catchment Protection
      Ablutions
      Discharge of wastewater                                                                                      Strategy to Control Diffused Pollution/Non Point Pollution
      Throwing of used floral offerings
      Rubbing of filth                                                                                       • Demand Management –
      Body shampooing
      Frolicking                                                                                                – Agriculture/Industrial/Domestic
      Acceptance of donations
      Obscenity                                                                                              • GAP – Issues  Technology but PLG!
      Offering of inappropriate praises or even hymns in a
       incorrect way                                                                                             – Local Bodies – Low priority for Waste Management!
      Discarding of garments
                                                                                                                 – River Pollution Control Authority
    Beating and
    Swimming across, in particular                                                                           • Engagement with Stakeholders - Transparency




E-Flow Concept : WWF, India
                                                                                                               Data Requirements
                                               Flood
                                               Year
                                                                                                                •   Basin Characteristics
                                         Normal Year                                                            •   Hydro-meteorological Data
                                                                                                                •   Projects Data
              charge




                                                                                        E-Flow, Normal
                                                                                                  Year          •   Data on Pollution
           Disc




                                         Drought
                                                                                            E-Flow, Drought     •   Demographic Data
                                            Year
                       Jan




                                                       Jun
                             Feb




                                                              Jul



                                                                          Sep
                                                                    Aug




                                                                                              Dec
                                                                                Oct

                                                                                      Nov
                                         Apr

                                                May
                                   Mar




                                                                                                                                                                                            2
9/11/2010




Basin Characteristics                                                              Hydro-meteorological Data
                                                                                    • Meteorological data - IMD
• Basin delineation                                                                 • Flow data at gauging sites - CWC and State
                                                                                      Water Resources Departments
• Drainage system – SRTM
                                                                                    • Sediment data; volume and characterization –
• Landuse/Landcover
                                                                                      CWC/State Govt. agencies
• Soil
  S il properties of th catchments – Gl b l and
             ti    f the t h    t    Global d
                                                                                    • Ground water fluctuation data – CGWB/State
  National data sources
                                                                                      GW Boards
• River cross-section data
                                                                                    • Flow cross sections and rating curves at
                                                                                      various stream gauging sites - CWC and State
                                                                                      Water Resources Departments




Percentage share of major water balance in
Ganga Basin components w.r.t. precipitation                                        Projects Data

                                                                                    • Data on water utilizations for
                                            Deep Aq Recharge
                                                  2%
                                                                                      – Agricultural
           Shallow Groundwater 
                 recharge                                                             – Domestic
                   24%
                                                                                      – Industrial and other uses
                                                                       Actual ET
                                                                       A t l ET
                                                                         43%
                                                                                    • Data on water resources projects including
                                                                                      reservoirs and diversion facilities
            Lateral Flow
                3%
                                                                                      – Existing
                                                                                      – Under implementation
                                                                                      – Proposed
                           Surface Runoff
                                28%


                             Scenario 1: Baseline ‐ Virgin Condition




    Storage Projects in Ganga Basin                                                Data on Pollution


                                                                                    • Point sources
                                                                                      – Domestic sewage
                                                                                      – Industrial
                                                                                    • Non-point sources
                                                                                      –DData on use of fertilizers
                                                                                                     f f ili
                                                                                      – Pesticides
                                                                                    • Data on water quality observations
                                                                                      – Surface
                                                                                      – Ground water
                                                                                      – CPCB, CWC, CGWB, State Pollution Control
                                                                                        Boards, MOEF




                                                                                                                                            3
9/11/2010




Demographic & Socio-economic Data

•   Livelihoods
•   Land holdings
•   Population
•   Ecological hotspots
    E l i lh t       t
•   Water pricing




Geospatial Database
                                                       What is gangapedia?
Management

• For integration of information across domains        • Landing page for GRBMP
    –   Processing raw data                            • Expected to
    –   Managing generated information                   – Host project deliverables
    –   Storage                                          – Act as a platform for project management
    –   Retrieval                                        – Act as a social co-created repository for Ganga lore
• Analysis to generate                                   – Act as a platform for public debate on issues related to
    – Scenarios for different developmental pathways       the Ganga River Basin
    – Sharable information with all the stakeholders     – Jana Gyan + Gyan Dhara




                                                              Gangapedia Home Page: www.gangapedia.in
Technologically speaking

• Content management system
    – Semantically tagged
•   Wiki
•   Blog
•   Chat
                                     Web 3 0
                                     W b 3.0
•   Forums
•   Project Management
    – Email, SMS, Voice




                                                                                                                         4
9/11/2010




Interactive Session I                                              Interactive Session II

                                                                  • Water Resources Management
Issues Related to
                                                                     – Storage of water is essential
• Continuously flow (                  )                             – On the river/off the river/restoring ponds/constructing
• Ecology and Biodiversity                                             artificial ponds
• Socio Cultural Livelihood
  Socio-Cultural-Livelihood                                          – E pand Canal Net ork – Kharif Canals  Gro nd
                                                                       Expand           Network                     Ground
                                                                       water recharge and conjunctive use
                                                                     – Demand Management  Irrigation efficiency/Organic
                                                                       farming/Managing agricultural waste and Distillery
                                                                       Effluents  Large scale organic manure production
                                                                     – Demand Management  Recycle/Reuse  Industrial
                                                                       and Non-drinking demands to be met by only recycled
                                                                       water




Interactive Session III – SWOT of                                  Interactive Session III – SWOT of
GAP                                                                GAP
                                                                  Implementation
• Well laid broad objectives, accordingly:
                                                                  • The objective, at the time of launching the Ganga
      • To abate pollution and improve water quality
                                                                    Action Plan in 1985, was to improve the water
      • To conserve biodiversity
                                                                    quality of Ganga to acceptable standards by
      • To develop an integrated river basin management
        approach                                                    preventing the pollution l d f
                                                                            ti th     ll ti load from reaching th
                                                                                                            hi the
      • To conduct comprehensive research to further these          river.
        objectives                                                • Later, in 1987, on the recommendations of the
      • To gain experience for implementing similar river clean     Monitoring Committee of GAP, the objective of the
        up programs in other polluted rivers in India.              Plan was modified to restoring the river water
                                                                    quality to the Designated Best Use class of
                                                                    Ganga, which is “Bathing Class” (Class B).




Review of Ganga Action Plan                                        Review of Ganga Action Plan
                                                                  Weaknesses
Strengths:                                                        • Failure of GAP to improve the river water quality sufficiently
                                                                    due to various reasons, i.e., non-functioning of wastewater
• A start has been made. Some wastewater collection and
                                                                    collection and pumping infrastructure, non-functional
  treatment infrastructure has been created.
                                                                    wastewater treatment plants, insufficient wastewater
• Civil society, politicians and other decision makers are now      collection and treatment infrastructure, etc.
  aware of the issues concerning water quality of rivers in the
                                                                  • Lack of clarity regarding wastewater treatment technologies
  Ganga basin.
                                                                    to be adopted, e.g., anaerobic versus aerobic technologies.
• There is a consensus for strong action to improve river water
                                                                  • The plan for operation and maintenance of assets created
  quality in Ganga river basin.
                                                                    was flawed, e.g., lack of trained personnel, funds, and
• There is clarity regarding wastewater treatment technologies      electricity for operating wastewater treatment plants, capacity
  to be adopted.                                                    and priority of local bodies
• Availability of Data and Information                            • Quality of Data and accessibility of data/information and
                                                                    analysis




                                                                                                                                         5
9/11/2010




Review of Ganga Action Plan                                Review of Ganga Action Plan
Opportunities                                              Threats
• There is sufficient expertise in the country for         • Failure to learn the lessons from technological and
  formulating and implementing large river basin             policy failures encountered during GAP
  management plans.
                                                           • Sanctioning of projects in an unplanned manner
• There is clarity regarding reasons behind                  without clearly specified objectives.
                                                                            y p          j
  failure/sub-optimal performance of a majority of
  f il / b        i l     f           f     j i    f
                                                           • Not having clearly specified mid-term
  projects sanctioned under GAP
                                                             goals/benchmarks to judge the progress of the
• 73rd & 74th Amendment – Strengthening Local
                                                             plan.
  Government
                                                           • Chlorination of treated sewage is proposed or
• There is clarity regarding policy gaps/failures during
                                                             carried out to comply with effluent discharge
  implementation of GAP
                                                             standards of MPN. DBPs thus introduced are not
• River monitoring & performance evaluation of STPs          removed in conventional water treatment plant.




Action in the interim period, i.e.,                        Action in the interim period, i.e.,
before a GRBMP is in place                                 before a GRBMP is in place
• Creation of wastewater diversion infrastructure,         • Preparation of comprehensive wastewater
  i.e., construction of intercepting sewers, nala            management plans for urban centers with a time
  interception, pumping, etc. These projects shall           horizon of 50 years. Such plans must clearly
  ensure that a) there is NO wastewater disposal
                 )                             p             specify how all wastewater g
                                                               p   y                    generated in urban
  (treated or untreated) to rivers in certain critical       centers over the next 50 years will be collected
  stretches, and (b) all wastewater generated in             treated and disposed/reused/recycled.
  urban centers can be collected for treatment.




Action in the interim period, i.e.,                        Action in the interim period, i.e.,
before a GRBMP is in place                                 before a GRBMP is in place
• Strengthen Panchayatiraj Institutions                    • Achieve Zero Discharge Concept at Key places 
• Complete collection, interception and diversion            Haridwar/Rishikesha; Garhmukteshwar; Kanpur;
  (Close coordination with MoUD)                             Allahabad and Varanasi
• Acquisition of Land considering 50 Years planning        • Best Available Practices for Industries discharging
  period                                                     in Ramganga, Kali, and directly in Ganga (Kanpur)
• Excellent Preliminary and Primary Treatment
  including sludge management
• Secondary Treatment
• Tertiary Treatment




                                                                                                                       6

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Proceedings of GRBMP Consultation Workshop

  • 1. Proceedings of  Consultation Workshop for Preparing Ganga River Basin Management Plan by IITs  Saturday, August 28, 2010 at Out Reach Complex, IIT Kanpur    Inaugural Session  (Chair: Shri Jairam Ramesh, MEF, GoI, New Delhi)  The  IIT  Team  (Vinod  Tare,  IIT  Kanpur;  A  K  Gosain,  IIT  Delhi,  and  T  V  Prabhakar,  IIT  Kanpur)  made  a  presentation giving briefly overview of the proposal, creation of data centre and data requirement, and  launch of communication portal Gangapedia. Copy of the presentation is at Annexure I.  NGRBA expert  members, officials of the state and central government were invited to give comments and suggestions.     Rajendra Singh, Expert Member, NGRBA   Policy of the Ganga River Basin Management Plan should have been stated in the presentation.   Just do not keep on harping on the success, that brings in arrogance; accept failure of GAP that will  bring in more transparency.   All  stake  holders  of  Ganga  system  have  not  been  made  responsible;  assign  the  role  and  responsibility to all stake holders: Farmers, Panda’s, Poojari’s, Sadhu/Sanyasi, Boatmen, Fishermen,  etc.   Study and use the rich Indian Ganga System Knowledge.    Link civil society along both sides of Ganga; the Ganga riparian society.   Setting of NGRBA is a good opportunity for all of us; give responsibility to all stake holders. GRBMP  must state roles and responsibility of the society.  Rama Rauta, Expert Member, NGRBA   Scientists and engineers at BHU seminar promised that they can clean Ganga in 3 years if they are  given the responsibility; the responsibility has been given to you now. Clean in at least 5 years if not  in 3 years.  R H Siddiqui, Expert Member, NGRBA   Over use of Ganga water; think on how to improve habits of farmers.   It is assumed that there is excess flow in the basin over and above the e‐flow requirement of the  river.   Methods of irrigation need to be changed, very difficult work.   Very difficult to have success of GRBMP.   If society can be linked as Rajendra Singh Jee says, that will be good.  Ravi Chopra, Expert Member, NGRBA   Preparing GRBMP is very challenging as the plan has to be acceptable to the people of India; It is an  ultimate test of IITs. However, I feel confident after listening to the presentation made by IITs.   MoU Document needs to be modified. It does not recognize physical impairment of the Ganga river.   Main stream of Ganga must be maintained close to its pristine and natural state as it is a National  River.  Plan  must  tell  us  how  the  river  would  moves  towards  natural  state  in  next  5,  10,  15  or  50  years.   NGRBA is missing in Organizational Chart 
  • 2. K J Nath, Expert Member, NGRBA   State governments are preparing projects without getting any communications from IITs.    State governments are not aware of the IITs thinking of not using the assimilative capacity concept;  it is very ambitious, should be very careful.    State government should be taken into confidence   How to collate and integrate scattered available data and information; again it is very challenging.   Principles and premise of road map for GRBMP should be clear.   Capacity of ULBs is almost nil as of now. What will you suggest to GoI to improve ULBs capacity?   Some initial guidelines from IITs to state governments should be sent to prepare proposals  A K Srivastav, UP Jal Nigam   Technical aspects, mainly STPs were considered; now we know many aspects have to be considered.  Debashish Sen, Principal Secretary, Urban Development, West Bengal   The third tier of governance needs to be integrated into the system i.e the panchayats. Along with  this, the state governments and civil society should also be taken into account under GRBMP.    How can the river be used as a source of revenue generation for the very poor people who live on  the  banks  of  the  river?  This  question  must  be  addressed.  Now  if  we  cannot  provide  an  economic  improvement activity perhaps it would not lead to desired outcomes.    Importance  of  Solid  Waste  Management:  We  are  concentrating  on  sewage  interception  methods  and on the other hand everyday what you and I throw in the kitchen accumulates on the riversides.   SWM at household level must be considered and planned for.    There  should  be  a  program  on  teaching  the  importance  of  environmental  cleanliness  and  conservation  right  from  the  school  level  onwards.  Programs  on  how  to  keep  Ganga  clean  and  integrate it in the curriculum. This should be a small part of the study.    Once  everything  is  over  Operation  &  Maintenance  comes  into  picture.  When  the  project  is  completed, it would be unrealistic to expect municipality to spend its sparse resources (money) in  keeping the river clean. There should be a thought of revenue flow from the beginning.    At Farakka when Ganga diverges into Bangladesh, there is a huge problem of hydrological flow due  to  the treaty  between  India  &  Bangladesh.  This  happens  during summers  and  is quite  a big  issue.  This could be addressed later.   Mr Gupta, Uttarakhand   Funds are constraints. Sharing of 70:30 between Centre and States should be changed to 90:10 as  O&M and land costs are born by the states, which effectively makes it to 50:50.    Uttarakhand incurs lots of expenditure  on  Kumbh  Mela, Char Dham Yatra,  etc.,  and  we have very  less revenue generation.  Manoj Kumar Singh, Bihar Pollution Control   Agriculture  and  other  practices  along  the  river  side  bring  in  lots  of  pollution  over  and  above  the  sewage and industrial effluents.   Public awareness has to increase. 
  • 3. Rajiv Gauba, Joint Secretary, MEF   Good beginning, but just the beginning. With this workshop, IITs have involved all stakeholders.   Submit reports regularly which should reflect the views of all stake holders.   Nirmal + Aviral objective is OK, we expect the road map for achieving this from IITs.  S P Gautam, Chairman, CPCB, New Delhi   CPCB  will  take  strict  action  against  violating  industries  in  Kannauj‐Varanasi  stretch.  CPCB  is  also  working  on  implementation  of  new  technologies,  for  e.g.  Salt‐less  hides,  distilleries  to  go  on  zero  discharge  (use  condensate  in  cement  industries).  We  expect  to  solve  tannery  effluent  problems  within six months.   CPCB standard of 30 mg/L permissible effluent BOD is of 1984, and is minimum standard. Location  specific stringent standards can be enforced. Now we will have to have more stringent standards.  Some places we are already implementing 6 mg/L effluent BOD standard.  D K Gupta, Irrigation Department, UP   Central Soil and Water Conservation Unit, Dehradoon has worked on sediment yield and water yield  in Himalayan region under Support Bank Project. They have worked on vegetation and bio‐measures  for control of sediment and water flow.   Magh  mela  at  Allahabad:  We  used  to  release  300  cusec  water  from  Narora  in  Jan‐Feb  and  could  provide clean water even in Kumbh mela. Situation was generally acceptable. This arrangement was  in place for a decade. Now we are releasing 2500‐2600 cusec water from Narora, yet the situation is  not acceptable. Pollution is the main problem. I am for Zero Discharge concept. If we ask people to  mix 1 liter sewage and 9 liter fresh water and take bath, no one will accept. But by adopting dilution  we  are  essentially  forcing  people  to  take  bath  in  such  sewage  mixed  water.  Also  by  discharging  sewage into river we waste nutrients like phosphorous and potassium. Almost 75 % of phosphorous  and  100  %  of  potassium  we  are  importing,  and  it  is  not  a  good  idea  to  waste  by  disposing  in  the  river.   There is a canal and  drainage act which does not allow  discharge of wastewater. In  IPC there  is a  provision which says that if any one adversely affects the water quality, it is punishable offense. Ever  since  water  act  has  come,  which  allows  disposal  of  waste  in  water/on  land,  has  created  more  problem.    We are releasing 2500‐2600 cusec water but that is not reaching Kanpur, not to talk of Allahabad.  There  are  losses  in  the  river;  river  is  consuming  the  water  because  of  depletion  of  ground  water  table. On the other hand we are incurring 35 crores of losses in terms of agriculture production due  to this release of water.  Jairam Ramesh   The  intent  of  this  workshop  was  to  involve  NGRBA  expert  members  and  others  stake  holders  in  preparation of GRBMP by IITs.   To wait for 18 months for the plan to be ready, is not acceptable. We would like to have working  paper every 3‐4 months. 
  • 4. To start with we must have database of all present and future projects. Decision on future projects  should be based on analysis that comes out of this study and should not be the way we had to take  decision to scrap some projects after so much expenditure has already been made.   Objectives of GRBMP should be very clear. As of now we don’t seem to have complete clarity.    Difference  between  GAP  I,  GAP  II  and  NGRBA  approach  is  the  consideration  of  Aviral  Dhara  and  strategy for Nirmal Dhara. How to manage basin considering Aviral Dhara?   IITs  should  tell  us  on  Nirmal  Dhara;  we  should  have  technologies  which  are  less  land/energy  intensive. STPs will be necessary, I don’t agree with those saying STPs are not required.   Public  participation  (Ganga  Maha  Panchayat)  and  involvement  of  youth/school/colleges  is  necessary, but this will not come in this Basin Management Plan. It is our responsibility to make the  GRBMP a public document   IITs have made a very detailed proposal. It also has some socio‐economic‐cultural component but it  is also our responsibility to tell you what we want. MEF and IITs should work together on this.   Training of next generation (M Techs and Ph Ds) is very important. It is very crucial to have some 100  young experts for river basin management. It is an opportunity for human resources development.  We will give more money if required, we will make civil engineering/water resources management  more attractive profession for attracting young talent.   I am happy to see all 7 IITs working together. We will meet every 3 months with NGRBA experts at  different IITs.    We have a new office of NGRBA, delinked with MEF. 12 people are already working.   On pollution:  About 75  % is  domestic waste and only  25 %  industrial  waste,  but the later is  more  intense.  CPCB should issue notices  under  Section 5A to violating  industries in Kannauj to Varanasi  stretch. Nobody takes NGRBA seriously. People want to see results on ground. Action under Section  5 on industries can yield immediate results. Intent to be different is there but we must be different  on ground also.   Make  the  Hindi  version  of  the  proposal.  Also  have  the  website  bi‐lingual.  Local  people  should  be  associated from the beginning.   Associate  all  NGRBA  expert  members  in  different  aspects  of  the  preparation  of  the  plan.  It  is  important to give sense of involvement and ownership to NGRBA expert members, and also state  governments.   Forestry,  catchment  area  protection  and  treatment,  deforestation  are  very  important  issues.  Forestry  people should  be  integral  part  of  the  preparation  of  the  GRBMP.  IITs  should  also  involve  NBRI, CLRI, ITRC, etc. as suggested by Rama Rauta ji.   Such consultation workshops should be organized every three months.     
  • 5. Interactive Sessions   The  three  interactive  sessions  were  merged  into  one  session  after  the  lunch.  The  agenda  and  the  preliminary  points  for  discussion  on  SWOT  Analysis  of  GAP  were  presented  by  Dr  Vinod  Tare,  Project  Coordinator (Refer Annexure I). Following are the comments/suggestions made.    S P Gautam, CPCB, New Delhi   As  somebody  mentioned  solid  waste  is  dumped  in  the  drains.  This  also  leads  to  wastewater  discharge  in  river.  We  should  go  for  total  recycling  of  solid  waste  (i.e.  waste  having  calorific  value) such plants are self sustaining if long term assurance is given to a private entrepreneur.  No public/ULB money is required.  Rajiv Gauba, NRCD, MoEF:   Solid  Waste  Management  falls  in  the  domain  of  other  ministries.  We  should  not  lose  sight  of  what is practical.    We will have to put some similar/corresponding institutional structure at operational level for  other ministries.   Whatever we recommend, we should have a plan for translating on ground. ULBs ability to do  O&M  depends  on  their  capacity.  This  is  not  going  to  improve  overnight.  This  is  linked  to  the  overall  capacity  building,  which  again  is  linked  to  the  reforms  of  much  larger  canvas  than  the  scope of River Conservation. How do we do that? There should be some mechanism for utilizing  the  assets  created  even  when  the  capacity  building  of  ULBs  is  going  on  which  will  take  quiet  sometime. IIT Team should think on these aspects.    To make the job of state government and local bodies easier to select technology for STP some  guideline should be available. We need to be more focused on this.  K J Nath, NGRBA   Is solid waste management also part of your plan? If yes, then there should be a separate bullet  for this. Addressing SWM is necessary.   State  government  may  prepare  reports  and  that  may  not  be  in  line  of  thinking  of  IITs.  Basic  premise of the plan should be given.   What are you going to suggest for various types of towns – Big/ Small etc?   On  one  side  you  are  saying  no  assimilating  capacity  but  state  governments,  pollution  control  boards rely on assimilative capacity   If you are thinking of phasing treatment then timeline is very important.    It is 2010, if the State Government submit proposal for preliminary now, when they will submit  for secondary, tertiary etc? Target for clean Ganga is 2020.   Involve  all  stake  holders.  You  have  educated  us,  but  time  bound  action  plan  should  be  suggested.     
  • 6. Ujjal K Mukhopadhyay, WBPCB:   If  you  are  phasing  out  treatment  then  in  the  initial  period  what  will  happen  to  the  treated  wastewater? All options for reusing of water need to be looked at rather than disposing into the  river.   Is  your  plan  considering  clusterization,  appropriate  localization  of  industries,  underground  recharges, underground polluted water, etc.    Are you doing anything about the groundwater, alternate cropping pattern?   My point  is about industrial pollution coming  in a diffused way,  may be through underground  recharges and so are you considering clusterization, relocation of industries, etc., which lead to  innumerable underground sources of pollution into the river.   Strategy  for  constructing  ponds,  recharge  structures  may  be  different  for  different  places.  Finding the land for ponds is difficult at least in west Bengal, where the population density is as  high as 909 persons per sq km against the national average of 300 persons per sq km. We have  to  have  proper  policy  for  this  in  terms  of  revenue  sharing  making  use  of  some  of  the  paleo  channels.   We don’t need any more legislation. We have smart laws, implement them before intervention  of High Court, Supreme Court, etc.   Debashish Sen, Urban Development, West Bengal   The study can also involve the stakeholders of Ganga at present. Such as boatman, fish habitat  etc. They also have to be integrated in the plan. The survey of their socio‐economic condition  should be done to make a meaningful plan.   Rajendra Singh, Tarun Bharat Sangh, Jaipur   When we are looking at technical solutions we must be very clear in terms of what status we  want to give to the river. Class A, Class B or Class C. Accordingly we talk about ecology, e‐flows,  etc.   Whosoever calls himself a custodian of the river, he should work like a custodian.    Today sometime we must decide what status we want to give to river Ganga. MEF has already  decided to give A Class status. Then we must work on that. River and sewer must be separated.   We should not do dirty politics for waste. Clean politics is don’t pollute.    River  is  of  the  Nation  not  only  of  Irrigation  department.  Owner  of  river  is  panchayat,  nagar  nigam, etc.    It is necessary to make society responsible. The first step is to make Ganga panchayat of riparian  users.  They  will  stop  all  nallas.  How  much  of  this  is  possible  I  do  not  know  but  at  least  CPCB  should stop discharge of all industrial effluents. CPCB should start the fire, people will argue how  development will take place. For that some solution will come out. So your this plan must start  the fire.        
  • 7. D K Gupta, Irrigation Department, UP   Proper instruments must be developed to ensure the issue of connection to the sewer line and  issues related to design of sewer lines and chocking must be properly addressed.    Is  it  only  a  management  plan  or  development  is  also  included?  If  it  is  both  then  you  should  mention it.   Development should be included so that we make a total plan.   Nallas  are  storm  water  drains  and  should  not  be  intercepted.  No  STP  should  be  planned  on  these nallas or rivers. When STPs don’t work it will be discharged into the river.   Drought  is  due  to  kharif  crop  and  not  rabi  crop.  River  may  dry  like  Sai  River  if  groundwater  exploitation is more.   Kharif channel concept for recharging is good.    Narrow channels all around ponds can also be used for recharging.    You can have minimum flow during the dry period only when you store the excess water during  the monsoon which otherwise caus floods.  B B Burman, NRCD, MoEF:   If we are talking about critical stretch and ZERO discharge only for critical stretch then we are  not doing justice. Industries in the upstream are responsible for making it critical stretch.  Ravindra Kumar, SWaRA, Lucknow:   There was talk about forestry role. Planning commission has done some studies they also have  some rolling funds. Environment grants are available if some states adopt good water resources  augmentation practices and this should be included in the plan.   Greening to retain water, increase organic content to enhance moisture retaining capacity, etc.  or practices which can augment water resources, must be looked at while making GRBMP.   Why CWC has taken back seat.   State bodies such as SWaRA should also be associated. Officially we are not involved.   What will be the reference condition? Before the Upper Ganga Canal, i.e. 1840 or so. The flow at  that time in Haridwar was 8000 cusec. And against that Canal of 6000 cusec was proposed.   Today we are receiving more than 15000 cusec in Haridwar and diverting about 14000 cusec. So  this way the flow can be increased and we should think on these lines.    Basin  management  does  not  mean  only  the  flow  in  the  river.  We  also  have  to  think  about  managing groundwater and that is related to the pricing policy for electricity, etc. Land use and  land cover has to be managed. All these aspects have to be included in the basin management.   Sejal Worah, WWF‐India:   How do we interact with IIT Team?  We have done several studies and we would like to share  our findings and will be happy if some of our studies are incorporated in the GRBMP.          
  • 8. Ravi Chopra, PSI, Dehradoon:   The  bigger  issue  is  how  much  water  should  keep  flowing  in  the  river.  At  the  end  we  should  target for natural state in terms of quality and quantity.   Some rivers in the world have been restored to their original state once it was realized.  These  are small rivers and Ganga is a much bigger river. Once it was realized that it should be done,  they took it as a mission and achieved it. For Ganga we have to do this, if we call it a National  river.  If  we  can  return  as  close  as  possible  to  its  natural,  pristine  state,  that  is  better.  Aviral  Dhara, if we can call it e‐flow, then for A class river there should be no obstacle.   For natural flow take 100 years data and take average, and that is what we will mimic in future.  Do not look at restricted flow. Look at rain fall, hydrology and compute flows.   The higher water demand comes from our present cropping pattern. May be the time will come  when we change the cropping pattern and probably also the food habits.    We have to change food habits. That is growing more nutritious crops and crops which consume  less water. Today our farmers are not growing these crops because of the pricing policy.    All this things are possible provided we apply our mind. Are we applying our mind? Something  will happen in 10 years, something will be possible in another 20 years, somthing will happen in  50 years. We must fix a goal that Ganga flows as close as possible to its natural state in 50 years  or whatever. That is what we should do.  T V Prabhakar, IIT Kanpur:   Do we need more laws or each one of us is behaving in irresponsible way.    Lack of cleanness is due to lack of governance. No report, no scientific study or technology can  help unless it is implemented seriously.   Sandeep Behera, WWF‐India:   The Ecology‐Biodiversity and socio‐cultural aspects are not reflected in your initial action plan.  How are you going to address this?   Can we add some immediate action plan based on the information available with us?  Closing Remarks on behalf of the IIT Team   We have received very constructive and useful comments. Some of the comments/suggestions  are  already  addressed/incorporated  in our  detailed proposal  (available  on  www.gangapedia.in  and  also  at  www.iitk.ac.in/eem/grbmp/Proposal.pdf  which  we  could  not  dealt  with  in  our  presentation due to paucity  of  time, and the  fact that we wanted to give time to experts and  other stakeholders to give comments/suggestions. All suggestions have been noted (as above),  and will be considered by various thematic groups.   We  will  approach  to  all  individuals/organizations  who  have  done  substantial  work  on  various  aspects of Ganga Basin and take their studies/plans forward.   We will constitute a special task group for e‐flows, and some other such special tasks.   Hindi  version  of  the  Gangapedia  will  be  launched  soon,  and  attempt  will  be  made  to  make  documents/reports in Hindi.   We  agree  that  we  need  to  involve  society,  and  fix  responsibility  and  define  the  role  of  the  society. 
  • 9. 9/11/2010 Annexure I Consultation Workshop Saturday, August 28, 2010 Challenge IIT Kanpur Protecting the river system  Continuously flow ( )  Un-polluted Flow ( ) Preparation of  Longitudinal, lateral and vertical connectivity Ganga Ri B i M G River Basin Management Plan t Pl  Adequate space for various river functions  Ecological entity Adequate provision for soil, water and energy Coordinator:  Dr Vinod Tare, Professor Growing population, urbanization, Environmental Engineering and Management Programme Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur KANPUR ‐ INDIA industrialization and agriculture Our Philosophy Scope Can not afford to Experiment with River Like Ganga! Maintain Adequate flow and Appropriate Quality in the River Precautionary Principles must apply wherever knowledge gaps and uncertainties exist • Water Resources Planning at the Basin Level • Influence of Agriculture, Industrialization, Apply modern science and new technologies but with Urbanization, etc. traditional wisdom Gyan Dhara + Jana Gyan Supportive Capacity and Assimilative Capacity Our Approach Our Approach Geomorphological Changes: Erosion, Sediment Transport/Deposition And Floods River with unique Water Resource Management Ecosystem and Biodiversity Gangotri Gangotri Ganga Sagar Ganga Sagar Environmental Quality Socio-Cultural Heritage and Pollution 1
  • 10. 9/11/2010 Fluvial Geomorphology Trajectories of change Intact Turning point Restored Intact Restored condition Degraded Created Created condition Turning points Degraded The Mantra: GRBMP – Some Issues • Annual Water Availability (Present and future including climate change scenarios) V/S Water Demand (Present and Future) • Adequate Storage – On the River, Off the River Ponds/Reservoirs/Ground Water Recharge • Supportive Capacity • E Flow Only in the River, at least up to Varanasi Thirteen actions are prohibited on approaching the scared waters of the Ganga, namely: p pp g g , y • Dilution is not the solution to pollution  Defecation – Point Sources to be completely eliminated and Catchment Protection  Ablutions  Discharge of wastewater Strategy to Control Diffused Pollution/Non Point Pollution  Throwing of used floral offerings  Rubbing of filth • Demand Management –  Body shampooing  Frolicking – Agriculture/Industrial/Domestic  Acceptance of donations  Obscenity • GAP – Issues  Technology but PLG!  Offering of inappropriate praises or even hymns in a incorrect way – Local Bodies – Low priority for Waste Management!  Discarding of garments – River Pollution Control Authority  Beating and  Swimming across, in particular • Engagement with Stakeholders - Transparency E-Flow Concept : WWF, India Data Requirements Flood Year • Basin Characteristics Normal Year • Hydro-meteorological Data • Projects Data charge E-Flow, Normal Year • Data on Pollution Disc Drought E-Flow, Drought • Demographic Data Year Jan Jun Feb Jul Sep Aug Dec Oct Nov Apr May Mar 2
  • 11. 9/11/2010 Basin Characteristics Hydro-meteorological Data • Meteorological data - IMD • Basin delineation • Flow data at gauging sites - CWC and State Water Resources Departments • Drainage system – SRTM • Sediment data; volume and characterization – • Landuse/Landcover CWC/State Govt. agencies • Soil S il properties of th catchments – Gl b l and ti f the t h t Global d • Ground water fluctuation data – CGWB/State National data sources GW Boards • River cross-section data • Flow cross sections and rating curves at various stream gauging sites - CWC and State Water Resources Departments Percentage share of major water balance in Ganga Basin components w.r.t. precipitation Projects Data • Data on water utilizations for Deep Aq Recharge 2% – Agricultural Shallow Groundwater  recharge – Domestic 24% – Industrial and other uses Actual ET A t l ET 43% • Data on water resources projects including reservoirs and diversion facilities Lateral Flow 3% – Existing – Under implementation – Proposed Surface Runoff 28% Scenario 1: Baseline ‐ Virgin Condition Storage Projects in Ganga Basin Data on Pollution • Point sources – Domestic sewage – Industrial • Non-point sources –DData on use of fertilizers f f ili – Pesticides • Data on water quality observations – Surface – Ground water – CPCB, CWC, CGWB, State Pollution Control Boards, MOEF 3
  • 12. 9/11/2010 Demographic & Socio-economic Data • Livelihoods • Land holdings • Population • Ecological hotspots E l i lh t t • Water pricing Geospatial Database What is gangapedia? Management • For integration of information across domains • Landing page for GRBMP – Processing raw data • Expected to – Managing generated information – Host project deliverables – Storage – Act as a platform for project management – Retrieval – Act as a social co-created repository for Ganga lore • Analysis to generate – Act as a platform for public debate on issues related to – Scenarios for different developmental pathways the Ganga River Basin – Sharable information with all the stakeholders – Jana Gyan + Gyan Dhara Gangapedia Home Page: www.gangapedia.in Technologically speaking • Content management system – Semantically tagged • Wiki • Blog • Chat Web 3 0 W b 3.0 • Forums • Project Management – Email, SMS, Voice 4
  • 13. 9/11/2010 Interactive Session I Interactive Session II • Water Resources Management Issues Related to – Storage of water is essential • Continuously flow ( ) – On the river/off the river/restoring ponds/constructing • Ecology and Biodiversity artificial ponds • Socio Cultural Livelihood Socio-Cultural-Livelihood – E pand Canal Net ork – Kharif Canals  Gro nd Expand Network Ground water recharge and conjunctive use – Demand Management  Irrigation efficiency/Organic farming/Managing agricultural waste and Distillery Effluents  Large scale organic manure production – Demand Management  Recycle/Reuse  Industrial and Non-drinking demands to be met by only recycled water Interactive Session III – SWOT of Interactive Session III – SWOT of GAP GAP Implementation • Well laid broad objectives, accordingly: • The objective, at the time of launching the Ganga • To abate pollution and improve water quality Action Plan in 1985, was to improve the water • To conserve biodiversity quality of Ganga to acceptable standards by • To develop an integrated river basin management approach preventing the pollution l d f ti th ll ti load from reaching th hi the • To conduct comprehensive research to further these river. objectives • Later, in 1987, on the recommendations of the • To gain experience for implementing similar river clean Monitoring Committee of GAP, the objective of the up programs in other polluted rivers in India. Plan was modified to restoring the river water quality to the Designated Best Use class of Ganga, which is “Bathing Class” (Class B). Review of Ganga Action Plan Review of Ganga Action Plan Weaknesses Strengths: • Failure of GAP to improve the river water quality sufficiently due to various reasons, i.e., non-functioning of wastewater • A start has been made. Some wastewater collection and collection and pumping infrastructure, non-functional treatment infrastructure has been created. wastewater treatment plants, insufficient wastewater • Civil society, politicians and other decision makers are now collection and treatment infrastructure, etc. aware of the issues concerning water quality of rivers in the • Lack of clarity regarding wastewater treatment technologies Ganga basin. to be adopted, e.g., anaerobic versus aerobic technologies. • There is a consensus for strong action to improve river water • The plan for operation and maintenance of assets created quality in Ganga river basin. was flawed, e.g., lack of trained personnel, funds, and • There is clarity regarding wastewater treatment technologies electricity for operating wastewater treatment plants, capacity to be adopted. and priority of local bodies • Availability of Data and Information • Quality of Data and accessibility of data/information and analysis 5
  • 14. 9/11/2010 Review of Ganga Action Plan Review of Ganga Action Plan Opportunities Threats • There is sufficient expertise in the country for • Failure to learn the lessons from technological and formulating and implementing large river basin policy failures encountered during GAP management plans. • Sanctioning of projects in an unplanned manner • There is clarity regarding reasons behind without clearly specified objectives. y p j failure/sub-optimal performance of a majority of f il / b i l f f j i f • Not having clearly specified mid-term projects sanctioned under GAP goals/benchmarks to judge the progress of the • 73rd & 74th Amendment – Strengthening Local plan. Government • Chlorination of treated sewage is proposed or • There is clarity regarding policy gaps/failures during carried out to comply with effluent discharge implementation of GAP standards of MPN. DBPs thus introduced are not • River monitoring & performance evaluation of STPs removed in conventional water treatment plant. Action in the interim period, i.e., Action in the interim period, i.e., before a GRBMP is in place before a GRBMP is in place • Creation of wastewater diversion infrastructure, • Preparation of comprehensive wastewater i.e., construction of intercepting sewers, nala management plans for urban centers with a time interception, pumping, etc. These projects shall horizon of 50 years. Such plans must clearly ensure that a) there is NO wastewater disposal ) p specify how all wastewater g p y generated in urban (treated or untreated) to rivers in certain critical centers over the next 50 years will be collected stretches, and (b) all wastewater generated in treated and disposed/reused/recycled. urban centers can be collected for treatment. Action in the interim period, i.e., Action in the interim period, i.e., before a GRBMP is in place before a GRBMP is in place • Strengthen Panchayatiraj Institutions • Achieve Zero Discharge Concept at Key places  • Complete collection, interception and diversion Haridwar/Rishikesha; Garhmukteshwar; Kanpur; (Close coordination with MoUD) Allahabad and Varanasi • Acquisition of Land considering 50 Years planning • Best Available Practices for Industries discharging period in Ramganga, Kali, and directly in Ganga (Kanpur) • Excellent Preliminary and Primary Treatment including sludge management • Secondary Treatment • Tertiary Treatment 6