1. H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Shirpur
Presented By:
Pratik Anil Sonar
M. Pharm 1st year
(Dept. of P’ceutics)
Guided By :
Dr. P. K. Deshmukh
(Dept. of P’ceutics)
“Phytosomes”
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2. Content:
1. Introduction
2. Structure of phytosomes
3. Strength of phytosomes
4. Advantages
5. Disadvantages
6. Method of preparation
7. Evaluation parameter
8. Application
9. Conclusion
10.References
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3. Introduction[1]
• The term “phyto” suggests that plant whereas “somes”
suggests that cellular or cell like structure.
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4. Introduction cont…
• The Phytosome technology, developed by Indena S.P.A. of Italy.
• Phytosome is a patented technology (U.S. Patent).
• better absorbed and produces better results.
• Phytosomes are more bioavailable.
• Phytosome is novel drug delivery system is a that combines
hydrophilic bioactive phytoconstituents of herbal extracts and
bound by phospholipids.
(e.g. soybean phospholipids ,lecithin)
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5. Structure of phytosomes
• PC (Phosphatidylcholine) is a bifunctional compound. Specifically
the choline head (hydrophilic) binds to these compounds while the
phosphatidyl portion (lipophilic) comprising the body and tail which
then envelopes the choline bound material and forms phyto-
phospholipid complex.
• Phosphatidyl-choline - phospholipid
• Phosphatidyl moiety - lipophilic
• Choline moiety - Hydrophilic
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6. Strength of phytosomes[2]
• Strength of phytosomes Phytosomes show better stability as chemical bond is
formed between phospholipid molecule and phytoconstituent(s).
• Dose of phytoconstituents is reduced due to more bioavailability of the
phytoconstituents in the complex form. Duration of action is increased.
• Phytoconstituents complex with phospholipids are more stable in gastric sections
and resist the action of gut bacteria. Enhanced permeability of phytoconstituents
across the biological membranes.
• Absorption of lipid insoluble polar phytoconstituents through different routes
shows better absorption, hence shows significantly higher therapeutic effects.
• Phoshatidylcholine used in the formation of phytosomes, besides acting as a
carrier also possess several therapeutic properties, hence gives the synergistic
effect when particular substance is given.
• Drug entrapment is not a problem with phytosome as the complex is
biodegradable.
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7. Advantages of Phytosomes[2]
1. Better bioavailability.
2. Reduced dose.
3. Enhanced absorption of herbal constituents.
4. Better stability profile.
5. Greater therapeutics benefit.
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8. Disadvantages of phytosomes[2]
1. Phytoconstituent from phytosomes are rapidly eliminated.
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9. Method of preparation of phytosomes[1]
1. Solvent evaporation methods
2. Rotary evaporation technique
3. Anti-solvent Precipitation Technique
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10. 1)Solvent evaporation methods
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Drug, polymer and Phospholipids
Take in RBF
Reflux with specific solvent at temp 50-60ºC
Mixture may be conc.To 5-10ml to get ppt
Filtered and collected
Stored in amber colored glass bottle at RT.

11. 2)Rotary evaporation technique
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Drug, polymer and Phospholipids
Dissolve in specific solvent in a rotary spherical bottom
flask followed by stirring for 3 hrs. at temp 40ºC.
Thin film of sample obtained, in which n- hexane added
and stirred continuously by magnetic stirrer
Ppt phytosome collected and stored in amber colored glass
bottle at RT

12. 3)Anti-solvent Precipitation Technique
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Drug, polymer and Phospholipids
Taken in RBF & reflux with specific solvent at temp. not
exceeding 60◦C
Mixture can conc. to 5-10 ml
Add n-hexane carefully with continuous stirring
To get ppt, filtered & collected, stored in vacuum desiccators
The dried ppt. crushed in mortar & sieved through #100 meshes
The dried ppt, phytosome loaded placed in amber colored bottle at
RT

13. Evaluation of Phytosomes[3]
• Visualization: Visualization of phytosomes can be achieved
using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by
scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
• Vesicle size and zeta potential: The particle size and zeta
potential can be determined by dynamic light scattering
(DLS) using a computerized inspection system.
• Entrapment efficiency: The entrapment efficiency of a
drug by phytosomes can be measured by the
ultracentrifugation technique .
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14. • Transition temperature: The transition temperature of the
vesicular lipid systems can be determined by differential
scanning calorimeter (DSC).
• Surface tension activity measurement: The surface
tension activity of the drug in aqueous solution can be
measured by the ring method in a Du Nouy ring tensiometer.
• Drug content: The amount of drug can quantified by a
suitable spectroscopic method.
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15. • FTIR: The spectroscopic evaluation of the formed
complex can be confirmed by FTIR simply by comparing
the spectrum of the complex and the individual
components.
• In vitro and in vivo evaluations: Models of in‐vitro and
in‐vivo evaluations are selected on the basis of the
expected therapeutic activity of biologically active
phytoconstituents present in the phytosomes.
• Spectroscopic evaluations:
• 1HNMR
• 13CNMR
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16. Application[4]
• Enhancing Bioavalability:Evodiamine,a quinoline alkaloid,
these pytosomes reduce the first-pass metabolism by passing
liver and therefore avoiding the contact of the hepatic
metabolism enzymes.
• Antioxidant properties: A phytosomal formulation of
Quercetin was prepared with higher encapsulation efficiency and
physical stability to improve its efficacy in intestinal absorption
and its preservation from oxidation in foodstuffs.
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17. • Hepato-Protective: Andrographolide(AN) obtained from
Andrographis paniculata linn include treatment of
hepatic impairment.
• Cancer treatment: Silybin (silibum marianum)is a
natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-cancer
properties which bloks estrogen receptor which are over
expresses in breast cancer.
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18. • Wound healing: Ethanolic extract of wrightia arborea
leaves and its phytosomes.the phytosome exhibited
about 90.40%healing while the ethanolic extract alone
could heal only 65.63%of the wound.
• Transdermal application: the phytosomal colpex of
saponins and plant extracts (panax ginseng M)more
active in protection against UV radiation.
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19. Conclusion:
Phytosomes forms a bridge between the conventional
delivery system and novel delivery system. Phytosomes
exhibit better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
profile than conventional herbal extracts. Phytosomes is
used to increase the solubility as well as permeability of
the phytoconstituents present in part of the plant.
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20. References:
1. R. P. Singh, H. V. Gangadharappa, K. Mruthunjaya; Phytosome Novel Herbal
Drug Delivery System : A Review, International Research Journal Of
Pharmacy; 2016, Vol 7, Issue 6.
2. Amith Kumar B, Prasanna Habbu, Thimmasetty, Lakshman, Prabha Hullatti,
Ravi Kumar S, Phytosomes as Novel Drug Delivery System for Herbal
Medicine –A Review; Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, Jan-Dec, 2017, Vol 8,
Issue 1, 5-7.
3. M. Sravanthi and J. Shiva Krishna, PHYTOSOMES: A Novel Drug Delivery
For Herbal Extracts – A Review; International journal of Pharmaceutical
science and research; 2013, Vol. 4, Issue 3, 949-959.
4. Chivte Prajkta, Pardhi Vinal, Joshi Vineeta, Ajitha Rani R; A REVIEW ON
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF PHYTOSOMES; Journal of Drug
Delivery and Therapeutics2017; 7(5):17-21
5. Josef kareparamban,a pravin novel revolution in herbal drugs ,IJRPC
2012,2(2)
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21. Thank
you
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