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Anatomi Fisiologi 
Sistem Urinari 
Ciputat, 19 November 2014 
Prastuti Waraharini, dr
Sistem Urinari 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
• Pengatur keseimbangan air  volume dan 
tekanan darah 
• Pengatur konsentrasi garam (natrium, kalium, 
klorida, dan ion lain) dalam darah 
• Stabilisasi pH darah 
• Mempertahankan nutrisi yang masih diperlukan 
tubuh 
• Detoksifikasi racun (bersama liver) 
2
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
Organisasi Sistem Urinari 
1. Ginjal 
2. Ureter 
3. Vesika urinaria 
4. Uretra 
3
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
Posisi dan Ukuran Ginjal 
4 
 Retroperitoneum 
 Vertebrae T12-L3 
 Ginjal kanan lebih rendah 
 Panjang 6-7,5 cm 
 Tebal 1,5-2,5 cm 
 Berat + 140gram 
http://cnx.org/content/m46429/latest/?collection=col11496/latest
Struktur Ginjal 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
5
Nefron 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
6 
• Unit struktural dan 
fungsional ginjal 
• Filtrasi, reabsorpsi, sekresi 
• Besarnya jumlah aliran 
darah  memastikan 
darah tersaring dg baik
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
7 
http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/67582/flashcards/670169/png/nephron.png
Filtrasi Ginjal 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
8 
• Di glomerulus 
• Arteriol aferen  kapiler 
glomerulus  arteriol 
eferen 
• Kapiler sangat permeabel 
 10% plasma disaring 
ke ruang interstisial 
• Sel darah dan protein 
tidak mengalami 
penyaringan
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
Reabsorpsi Selektif dan Sekresi Ginjal 
• Di tubulus ginjal 
• Dipengaruhi kerja hormon 
 Paratiroid dan kalsitonin 
 Anti diuretic hormone (ADH) 
 Aldosteron 
9
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
10
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
• Filtrat mencapai pelvis ginjal dan ureter sebagai 
urin 
11 
Disaring Dikeluarkan 
Air 150 L 1,5 L 
Garam 700 gram 15 gram 
Glukosa 170 gram - 
Urea 50 gram 30 gram
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
Amazing Facts… 
• The kidneys function as a pair of filters through 
which about one litre of blood circulates each 
minute  the entire blood in the body passes 
through them in 5 - 6 minutes 
• In a day it filters 1800 litres of blood which is 400 
times the blood volume 
• The human kidney contains >1.2 million nephrons 
• A normal adult excretes 1 - 1.8 litres of urine per day 
• When a kidney is damaged or diseased, the other 
kidney is able to compensate for it 
• An artificial kidney (dialysing machine) is used for 
dialysis 
12
Ureter 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
• Superior 
▫ Lanjutan pelvis 
renalis 
• Inferior 
▫ Melalui ronggal 
abdomen 
▫ Di belakang 
peritoneum 
▫ Di depan m. psoas 
▫ Ke rongga pelvis, 
masuk kandung 
kemih melalui 
dinding posteriornya 
• 35-40 cm 
13 
http://www.urologyhealth.org/urology/articles/images 
/anatomy_KidneySupUreter_anterior.jpg
Ureter- Cross Section 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
• 3 layers of tissue 
▫ Outer layer 
 Fibrous tissue 
▫ Middle layer 
 Muscle 
▫ Inner layer 
 Epithelium 
14
Vesica Urinaria 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
• 3 layers 
▫ Outer layer 
 Loose connective tissue 
▫ Middle layer 
 Smooth muscle and 
elastic fibres 
▫ Inner layer 
 Lined with transitional 
epithelium 
15 
http://www.urologyhealth.org/urology/articles/images 
/anatomy_UretersBladder_coronal.jpg
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
16
Urethra 
• Extends from the 
base of the bladder to 
the outside world. 
• Anatomical 
differences mean that 
male and female 
urethras are different. 
▫ Female: 4cm long 
▫ Male: 14cm long 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
17
Urethra- structure of 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
• Muscle layer 
• Submucosa layer 
• Mucosa 
18
Mikturisi 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
• Peristiwa pembuangan urine 
• Dipicu penambahan tekanan di vesika urinaria 
(170-230 ml cairan) 
• Gerak refleks, dapat dikendalikan pusat syaraf 
• Hasil dari kontraksi otot abdomen dan organ 
lain yang menekan vesika 
19
Urine Normal 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
• 1-2 liter/hari 
• Tergantung asupan cairan dan protein 
• Bening tanpa endapan 
• pH rata-rata 6 
• Berat jenis 1010-1025 mg/dL 
• Komposisi 
▫ Air – 96% 
▫ Ureum (hasil metabolisme protein) – 2% 
▫ Metabolit lain – 2% 
 Asam urat 
 Kreatinin (produk metabolisme otot) 
 Purin, oksalat, sulfat, dll 
 Elektrolit (Na, K, Cl) 
20
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
Agar tak sekedar diucapkan… 
• Allahumma inni a’udzubika minal khubutsi wal khabaits 
• Alhamdulillahilladzi adzhaba ‘anil adza wa ‘afanii 
21
Kondisi Klinis 
• Peradangan saluran kemih 
• Batu saluran kemih 
• Gangguan mikturisi 
• Gagal ginjal 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
22
Alhamdulillah… 
drPhi - Urinary - 191114 
• Evelyn C Pearce. Anatomi dan Fisiologi untuk 
Paramedis 
• Elizabeth J Corwin. Buku Saku Patofisiologi 
• And some cool links… 
▫ http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/ 
excretion-and-osmoregulation/excretion-osmoregulation- 
man.php 
▫ http://health.rush.edu/HealthInformation/BodyGuid 
e/reftext/html/urin_sys_fin.html 
▫ http://cnx.org/content/m44809/latest/?collection=co 
l11448/latest 
23

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Anatomi Fisiologi Sistem Perkemihan

  • 1. Anatomi Fisiologi Sistem Urinari Ciputat, 19 November 2014 Prastuti Waraharini, dr
  • 2. Sistem Urinari drPhi - Urinary - 191114 • Pengatur keseimbangan air  volume dan tekanan darah • Pengatur konsentrasi garam (natrium, kalium, klorida, dan ion lain) dalam darah • Stabilisasi pH darah • Mempertahankan nutrisi yang masih diperlukan tubuh • Detoksifikasi racun (bersama liver) 2
  • 3. drPhi - Urinary - 191114 Organisasi Sistem Urinari 1. Ginjal 2. Ureter 3. Vesika urinaria 4. Uretra 3
  • 4. drPhi - Urinary - 191114 Posisi dan Ukuran Ginjal 4  Retroperitoneum  Vertebrae T12-L3  Ginjal kanan lebih rendah  Panjang 6-7,5 cm  Tebal 1,5-2,5 cm  Berat + 140gram http://cnx.org/content/m46429/latest/?collection=col11496/latest
  • 5. Struktur Ginjal drPhi - Urinary - 191114 5
  • 6. Nefron drPhi - Urinary - 191114 6 • Unit struktural dan fungsional ginjal • Filtrasi, reabsorpsi, sekresi • Besarnya jumlah aliran darah  memastikan darah tersaring dg baik
  • 7. drPhi - Urinary - 191114 7 http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/67582/flashcards/670169/png/nephron.png
  • 8. Filtrasi Ginjal drPhi - Urinary - 191114 8 • Di glomerulus • Arteriol aferen  kapiler glomerulus  arteriol eferen • Kapiler sangat permeabel  10% plasma disaring ke ruang interstisial • Sel darah dan protein tidak mengalami penyaringan
  • 9. drPhi - Urinary - 191114 Reabsorpsi Selektif dan Sekresi Ginjal • Di tubulus ginjal • Dipengaruhi kerja hormon  Paratiroid dan kalsitonin  Anti diuretic hormone (ADH)  Aldosteron 9
  • 10. drPhi - Urinary - 191114 10
  • 11. drPhi - Urinary - 191114 • Filtrat mencapai pelvis ginjal dan ureter sebagai urin 11 Disaring Dikeluarkan Air 150 L 1,5 L Garam 700 gram 15 gram Glukosa 170 gram - Urea 50 gram 30 gram
  • 12. drPhi - Urinary - 191114 Amazing Facts… • The kidneys function as a pair of filters through which about one litre of blood circulates each minute  the entire blood in the body passes through them in 5 - 6 minutes • In a day it filters 1800 litres of blood which is 400 times the blood volume • The human kidney contains >1.2 million nephrons • A normal adult excretes 1 - 1.8 litres of urine per day • When a kidney is damaged or diseased, the other kidney is able to compensate for it • An artificial kidney (dialysing machine) is used for dialysis 12
  • 13. Ureter drPhi - Urinary - 191114 • Superior ▫ Lanjutan pelvis renalis • Inferior ▫ Melalui ronggal abdomen ▫ Di belakang peritoneum ▫ Di depan m. psoas ▫ Ke rongga pelvis, masuk kandung kemih melalui dinding posteriornya • 35-40 cm 13 http://www.urologyhealth.org/urology/articles/images /anatomy_KidneySupUreter_anterior.jpg
  • 14. Ureter- Cross Section drPhi - Urinary - 191114 • 3 layers of tissue ▫ Outer layer  Fibrous tissue ▫ Middle layer  Muscle ▫ Inner layer  Epithelium 14
  • 15. Vesica Urinaria drPhi - Urinary - 191114 • 3 layers ▫ Outer layer  Loose connective tissue ▫ Middle layer  Smooth muscle and elastic fibres ▫ Inner layer  Lined with transitional epithelium 15 http://www.urologyhealth.org/urology/articles/images /anatomy_UretersBladder_coronal.jpg
  • 16. drPhi - Urinary - 191114 16
  • 17. Urethra • Extends from the base of the bladder to the outside world. • Anatomical differences mean that male and female urethras are different. ▫ Female: 4cm long ▫ Male: 14cm long drPhi - Urinary - 191114 17
  • 18. Urethra- structure of drPhi - Urinary - 191114 • Muscle layer • Submucosa layer • Mucosa 18
  • 19. Mikturisi drPhi - Urinary - 191114 • Peristiwa pembuangan urine • Dipicu penambahan tekanan di vesika urinaria (170-230 ml cairan) • Gerak refleks, dapat dikendalikan pusat syaraf • Hasil dari kontraksi otot abdomen dan organ lain yang menekan vesika 19
  • 20. Urine Normal drPhi - Urinary - 191114 • 1-2 liter/hari • Tergantung asupan cairan dan protein • Bening tanpa endapan • pH rata-rata 6 • Berat jenis 1010-1025 mg/dL • Komposisi ▫ Air – 96% ▫ Ureum (hasil metabolisme protein) – 2% ▫ Metabolit lain – 2%  Asam urat  Kreatinin (produk metabolisme otot)  Purin, oksalat, sulfat, dll  Elektrolit (Na, K, Cl) 20
  • 21. drPhi - Urinary - 191114 Agar tak sekedar diucapkan… • Allahumma inni a’udzubika minal khubutsi wal khabaits • Alhamdulillahilladzi adzhaba ‘anil adza wa ‘afanii 21
  • 22. Kondisi Klinis • Peradangan saluran kemih • Batu saluran kemih • Gangguan mikturisi • Gagal ginjal drPhi - Urinary - 191114 22
  • 23. Alhamdulillah… drPhi - Urinary - 191114 • Evelyn C Pearce. Anatomi dan Fisiologi untuk Paramedis • Elizabeth J Corwin. Buku Saku Patofisiologi • And some cool links… ▫ http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/ excretion-and-osmoregulation/excretion-osmoregulation- man.php ▫ http://health.rush.edu/HealthInformation/BodyGuid e/reftext/html/urin_sys_fin.html ▫ http://cnx.org/content/m44809/latest/?collection=co l11448/latest 23