1.
CERVICAL CANCER
Dr. Kalpana Dixit

2.
Cervical Cancer
• Cancer in the cervix of the uterus is cervical cancer
• Cells change from normal to pre-cancer (dysplasia)
and then to cancer
• Mainly occur in transitional zone
• Every year 452,000 new cases are detected (WHO)

3.
Causes
1. Human Papilloma Virus
Infection with HPV is the cause of
approximately 90% of all cervical cancer
About half of the sexually transmitted HPVs
are associated with cervical cancer

4.
2. Sexual History
Multiple sexual partner
Start sexual relations before the age of 18
Has a partner who has had contact with the
cervical cancer patient

5.
RISK FACTORS
• Smoking
• Weakened immune response
• Several pregnancies
• Become a mother at early age
• Long term use of contraceptives
• Family History
• NOT GETTING SCREENED

6.
Cervical Cancer Screening
• Screening is testing to find cancer, or other
diseases, early in people who have no symptoms
• Screening can help find cancers when they are
small and have not spread – when they have a
better chance of being cured
• Screening can also find pre-cancerous changes
that can be treated to prevent cancer from
developing.

7.
Pap test
• A test which collects cells from the surface of the
cervix to check for any abnormal cells
• Abnormal cells can be removed or treated
before cervical cancer develops.
• When cancer is detected early, it is easier to
treat.
• A pelvic exam is NOT a Pap test; ONLY a Pap
test can find early cervical cancer or pre-cancer.

8.
Pap tests

9.
HPV tests

10.
ACS Guidelines for Cervical Cancer
Screening
• Women age 21 to 29
• Pap test every 3 years
• HPV testing should NOT be used unless needed
as follow-up after an abnormal Pap test result
• Women under age 21 should not be screened.
Starting at age 30: Preferred screening is Pap
test WITH an HPV test every 5 years (co-testing)
until age 65
• Another option is just a Pap test every 3 years
until age 65

11.
What you can do
• Certain types of sexual behavior increase a
woman's risk of getting genital HPV infection,
such as having sex at an early age and having
many sexual partners.
• Condoms (" rubbers") provide some protection
against HPV.
• Avoid being exposed to HPV.
• Avoid smoke.
• Get vaccinated.

12.
HPV Vaccines
• Safe and effective
• Recommended for all
girls and boys ages 11-
12
• Requires 3 injections
• Covered by insurance,
but still not being given

13.
• About 42% girls and 22% boys are getting
vaccinated
• Protect against cervical and many other
cancers linked to HPV infection
• Routine cervical cancer screening is still
necessary for women who have been
vaccinated HPV

14.
Dietary management
• Flavonoids

15.
Folate

16.
Vitamin A

17.
 Healthy dietary
habits & life style
 Few sexual
partners

18.
•
• 1-800-667-0017 to know about the Pap
Test clinic
• www.saskcancer.ca

19.
• These are the well-proven way to
prevent cervical cancer and find
pre-cancers.
• If a pre-cancer is found it can be
treated, stopping cervical cancer
before it really starts.

20.
If you wish to learn more
Websites :
• www.cancer.org
• http://emedicine.medscape.com
• http://www.cancer.ca
• http://www.medicinenet.com
• http://www.cancer.net