2. Teaching skills are defined as a set of teacher behaviour which are specially
effective in bringing about desired changes in pupil teachers.
Instructional techniques and procedures used by the teacher in classroom
are known as teaching skills.
The activities and behaviours that facilitate learning in students are called
teaching skills.
According to N.L. Gage (1968) “ Teaching Skills are specific instructional
activities & procedure that a teacher may use in his classroom. These are
related to the various stages of teaching in the continuous flow of the
teacher performance.
3. Teaching skills have their own importance to apply any method,
approach, strategies and tactics in the classroom. These are the
primary requisite to handle the classroom activities and students.
There is a need of the knowledge of teaching skills to apply any
method and approach during teaching learning process. There are
many basic skills which are essential to bring the modification in
behaviour of the students.
4.
5.
6. • It is skill that used to judge the
present state of knowledge and skill
of students.
• It is used to create link between
introduction and main points of the
concepts.
• It is used to attract attention of the
students at the start of the lesson.
7. • Using Previous experience of the pupils
• Proper Use of Device/technique
• Maintenance of Continuity
• Relevant Verbal or Non Verbal behaviour
• Arouse Interest
• Overall impression about introducing a lesson
• Announcement of the Topic
8. • Explaining is an action skill in which the
teacher tries to satisfy student’s queries
related to any principle, condition, situation,
fact or views.
• It is used to satisfy the students queries about
any concept, phenomenon and situation.
• During teaching in a classroom, an explanation
is a set of interrelated statements elaborating
a concept being taught or learnt.
• It bridges the gap in understanding the new
knowledge by relating it to the past
experience.
10. It can be made more effective by using simple and clear language,
examples and illustration materials for better understanding and
appropriate link words for relating the concepts.
It is categorised into following:
• Interpretative Explanation- to make clear the meaning of terms,
statements, situation, concepts etc.
• Descriptive Explanation-description of objects, phenomenon, structure
and process
• Reason Giving Explanation-Principle Generalisation and causes
11. Sometimes it is observed that some abstract ideas or concepts are very
difficult to understand. In spite of their best efforts of explaining the
concepts, the teachers are unable to convey the true sense and meaning
of the concepts. This difficulty of the teacher can be solved easily if they
are able to master the skill of illustrating with examples.
12. • Formulating Simple Example.
• Formulating Relevant Example.
• Formulating Interesting Example.
• Using Appropriate Media for Example.
• Using Examples by Inducto-Deductive Approach
13. Skill of probing question Probing questions
provide a deeper understanding of a
cocept or topic. This type of question
encourages reflection.
Probing questions are ideal in a learning
environment because they encourage
students to think critically and analytically
14. • Prompting technique
• Seeking further information technique
• Redirection technique
• Refocusing technique
• Increasing critical awareness technique
15. Every responding pupil of the class needs social approval of his
behaviour. To satisfy this need, he is always eager to answer each
question known to him.
If the teacher is encouraging the pupils by statements like, “good”;
“excellent”, “awesome” etc. and give some non-verbal expressions,
such as smiling, nodding the head; and paying attention to the
responding pupil, the pupil participation in the class is maximised.
The main theme of this skill is that encouraging remarks of the teacher
increases and discouraging remarks decreases the pupil-participation in
the development of the learning process.
16. • Positive Verbal Reinforcement
• Positive Non-Verbal Reinforcement
• Negative Verbal Reinforcement
• Negative Non-Verbal Reinforcement
• Wrong use of Reinforcement
• Inappropriate use of Reinforcement
17. Learning is optimum when the pupils are fully attentive to the teaching-
learning process.For the success of any lesson it is essential to secure
and sustain the attention of the pupils. How to secure and sustain the
attention is main theme of this skill.
It is very difficult for an individual to attend to the same stimulus for
more than a few seconds. It works on the basis of psychological
experiments that attention of the individual tends to shift from one
stimulus to other very quickly.Therefore, for securing and sustaining the
attention of the pupils to the lesson it is imperative to make variations in
the stimulus.
18. • Movements : Making movements from one place to another with
some purpose. (For writing on the black board; to conduct experiment;
to explain the chart or model; to pay attention to the pupil who is
responding to some question etc.)
• Gestures : These include movements of head, hand and body parts to
arrest attention, to express emotions or to indicate shapes, sizes and
movements. All these acts are performed to become more expressive.
• Pausing : This means “stop talking” by the teacher for a moment.
When the teacher becomes silent during teaching, it at once draws the
attention of the pupils with curiosity towards the teacher. The
message given at this point is easily received by the pupils.
19. • Change in Speech Pattern : When the teacher wants show emotions or to put
emphasis on a particular point, sudden or radical changes in tone, volume or
speed of the verbal presentation are brought out. The change in the speech
pattern makes the pupils attentive and creates interest in the lesson.
• Focusing : The teacher draws the attention of the pupils to the particular point in
the lesson either by using verbal or gestural focusing. In verbal focusing the
teacher makes statements like, “look here” “listen to me” “note it carefully”. In
gestural focusing pointing towards some object with fingers or underlining the
important words on the black board.
• Oral Visual Switching: The teacher gives information to the class verbally about
something. This is called oral medium. When the teacher is showing maps, charts
and object without saying something. This is called visual medium. If the teacher
is giving information to the pupils through any one medium (oral/visual) for a
long time., it is possible that the students may lose attention to what the teacher
is conveying to them. Therefore it is essential for the teacher to change medium
rapidly in order to secure and sustain pupils’ attention to what he says.
20. Writing on board is an important skill that is used by teacher usually.
Concepts are presented before the studnets either in verbal or written
form. Writing simultaneously with speaking enhance the effectiveness
of presentation. A teache must have this skill because in absence of
supported teaching learning material it can be utilised at larger extent.
Skill of board writing involves the following component
21. • Each letter should be distinct : There should be no confusion in the shape
of the letters such as c& e, I & L, P &F, T &H.
• Adequate spacing between two letters and two words.
• The slantness of each letter should be nearly vertical.
• Size of the letters should be such that they are legible from the end of the
class.
• The size of small letters should be same and size of the capital letters
should also be same.
• The size of the capital letters should be slightly greater than that of the
small letters.
• Thickness of the lines should be of same width.
22. 1) : The neatness of the black board increases if you write in straight
lines parallel to the base of the black board.
(2) :
(i ) The words/sentences should be written in straight lines parallel to the base of the black
board.
(ii) There should be adequate spacing between the lines.
(3) : In order to keep the black board work neat and clean there
should be no over writing.
(4) : In order to keep the black board neat and clean :
Erase the unrelated and irrelevant work and work not required.
Retain the relevant matter.
23. : The points of the lesson should be logically
arranged one after the other in a sequence.
: Write only the salient points in a simple and
clear language.
: Underline the important points or use
coloured chalk for drawing the pupils’ attention.
: Illustrations and diagrams should be simple,
large and clear to convey the idea easily and conveniently.
• As this skill needs long practice to achieve the goal and so no micro-
lesson plan is given.
24. • Good classroom management skills start with setting certain ground rules to stress the
importance of classroom dignity.
• Teachers should exercise patience along with a deep sense of care and kindness towards
their wards. An empathetic teacher will win over the hearts of his/her students by
demonstrating sensitivity, especially during student rifts.
• Better student-teacher relationships emerge when you demonstrate a willingness to lend
an ear to the problems faced by your students. It is important for teachers to establish a
good rapport with students so that a positive, productive and safe learning environment
is created in classrooms that will help out in manage the class.
25. • Discipline is an important skill that a teacher should possess so as to be labelled as
effective to manage the classroom activities . A vital component of effective classroom
management, discipline ensures that positive behaviour is encouraged inside classrooms.
• Unlike common belief, discipline is not about punishing students. Rather, it is a way to
manage and guide students. Discipline is directly affected by the kind of relationship you
have with your students.
• The most important discipline skills a teacher can have includes being respectful,
responding to students, and reciprocating their interest. A teacher should be skilled in
setting an effective routine with the right amount of flexibility.
26. • A class can be a mix of slow learners and intelligent
students. This is a challenge that teachers face day in
and day out when they need to adopt specific
teaching patterns so that no student is left behind.
• It is the prime responsibility of teachers to have a
thorough understanding about the cognitive,
emotional and social development of students. Since
a classroom is filled with students coming from
different parental backgrounds, it makes sense to a
teacher to be aware of the learning capabilities of
different students.Here, observation is the key skill
that every teacher should possess to become an
effective tutor.
27. • Everyday a teacher handles a bunch of students
with different mentalities towards learning. While
some students demonstrate a keen interest in
learning, others are distracted at the smallest
provocation. Teacher must develop student
engagement skills so that you can motivate your
students.
• One can make the educational content interesting
for students by using different strategies such as the
use of visuals and impressive feats and facts.
• Developing a strong rapport with students is one of
the best ways to ensure your students are engaged
in the class. Show genuine interest in them and their
interests. Be receptive to their queries and ideas.
28. • Effective time management skills are vital for providing quality
education to students while also meeting the specific learning
needs of each student.
• An effective teacher, with an intention to offer repetitive
practice to students, should strategically plan homework tasks.
Teacher must ensure the best use of classroom time by framing
and structuring assignments which will help students sit for
studies while at home.
• Alongside ensuring that the curriculum is completed within the
pre-defined time frame, teacher should also attach importance
to the time taken by students to complete their assignments.
29. In order to practise the integration, the following skills are chosen for the lesson plan :
• Skill of Introducing the lesson
• Skill of Reinforcement.
• Skill of Explaining.
• Skill of Illustrating with Examples.
• Skill of Probing Questions.
• Skill of Stimulus Variation
• Skill of Blackboard Writing
• Skill of Reinforcement
A combined lesson plan is prepared for practice, using appropriate skills in different situations of
classroom teaching. Apart from these teaching skills other skills like time managment, discipline,
communication, observation skills make teaching effective.
