Lezing gehouden ter gelegenheid van Rathenau Symposium. Klimaatengineering, Hype, hoop of wanhoop? D.d. 12 december 2013 Olivijn parallelsessie

1. Lezing'Rathenau'Ins/tuut'
D.d.'12'December'2012'
Francesc(Montserrat((NIOZ)(
Pol(Knops((Innova7on(Concepts)(

2. • Dr.'Francesc'Montserrat(
NIOZ(
(
Onderzoek(naar(Olivijn(verwering(( 1977:(332'ppm'
• Ir.'Pol'Knops(
Innova7on(Concepts:((
Ontwikkeling(proces(reac7e(te(versnellen(
KU(Leuven(
(1963:(317'ppm'
Promo7e(onderzoek(Olivijn( ( ((
( (( 2013:(400'ppm( ((

3. Geschat'aantal'publica/es
'
1000(
900(
800(
700(
600(
500(
400(
300(
200(
100(
0(
1990(
1995(
2000(
2005(
Google Scholar: "Mineral carbonation CO2 sequestration"
2010(

4. Onderzoek'1'
Year
Name
Description
University
1997
Jonckbloedtt
The dissolution of olivine in acid
Utrecht
1997
Lieftink
The preparation of and characterization of silica from acid treatment of olivine
Utrecht
2004
Gormley
An integrated experimental and first-principle computational study of CO2 mineral
carbonation reactions in Olivine and Serpentine
Phoenix
Bearat
Mineral sequestration of Carbon Dioxide. Enhancing carbonation reactivity of brucite
and forsterite
Phoenix
Nunea
Mineral sequestration of CO2 in San Carlos Olivine – An atomic level reaction study
Phoenix
2005
Park
CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ACTIVATION OF
AQUEOUS CARBONATION OF Mg-BEARING MINERALS AND pH SWING PROCESS
Ohio
2006
Kim
Nanoscale analysis for the San Carlos Olivine Carbonation Reaction Mechanism
Phoenix
Huntzinger
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in cement kiln Dust through mineral carbonation
Michigan
Olsen
FORSTERITE DISSOLUTION KINETICS:APPLICATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
CHEMICAL WEATHERING
Virginia
Huigen
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Mineral Carbonation
Wageningen
Hänchen
CO2 storage by aqueous mineral carbonation; olivine dissolution and precipitation of
MG-carbonates
Zürich
UliaszBochenczyk
Waste used for CO2 bonding via mineral carbonation
Krakow
2007

5. Onderzoek'2'
Year
Name
Description
University
2008
Van
Essendelft
Kinetics of the acid digestion of serpentine with concurrent grinding for the purpose of
CO2 sequestration
Pennsylvan
ia
Ramme
An investigation of CO2 sequestration through mineralization
Milwaukee
Jarvis
Reaction mechanisms for enhancing carbon dioxide mineral sequestration
Phoenix
Teir
FIXATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE BY PRODUCING CARBONATES FROM MINERALS
AND STEELMAKING SLAGS
Espoo
Staires
Assessing the viability of CO2 sequestration in eastern snake river plains basalts,
Southern Idaho
Pocatello
Uibu
Abatement of CO2 emissions in Estonian oil shale based power production
Tallinn
Flaathen
Water rock interaction during CO2 sequestration in Basalt
Toulouse
Wilson
Mineral traps for greenhouse gases in mine tailings. A protocol for verifying and
quantifying CO2 sequestration in ultramafic mines
Vancouver
Daldoul
Caracterisation et etude de la performance du Chrysoltile dans la capture du dioxyde de
carbone dans les procédés gaz-solide
Quebec
Costa
Accelerated carbonation of minerals and industrial residues for carbon dioxide storage
Rome
Krevor
Mineral carbon dioxide sequestration: Enhancing process kinetics and a resource base
assessment for minerals suitable for use in enhanced carbonation processes
Columbia
Stasiulaitiene
Binding potential of concentrated carbon dioxide using Lithuanian rocks
Kaunas
Eloneva
Reduction of CO2 emissions by mineral carbonation; steelmaking slags as a rwa material
with a pure Calcium Carbonate end product
Espoo
Piredda
Stabilization of MSW combustion residues by accelerated carbonation treatment and
their potential carbon dioxide sequestration
Cagliari
2009
2010

6. Onderzoek'3'
Year
Name
Description
University
2010
Saha
Advanced Mineral Sequestration
Phoenix
Haug
Dissolution and carbonation of mechanically activated olivine
Trondheim
Prigiobbe
Mineral carbonation for CO2 storage
Zürich
Renforth
Mineral carbonation in soils
Newcastle
Kwon
MINERALIZATION FOR CO2 SEQUESTRATION USING OLIVINE SORBENT IN THE
PRESENCE OF WATER VAPOR
Georgia
Wang
Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage by Mineralisation Using Recyclable Ammonium
Salts
Nottingham
Stockmann
Experimental Study of Basalt Carbonatization
Toulouse
Fagerlund
Carbonation of Mg(OH)2 in a pressurized fluidized bed for CO2 sequestration
Turku
Nduagu
Production of Mg(OH)2 from Mg-silicate rock for CO2 mineral sequestration
Turku
Mervic
Determining Timescales of Natural Carbonation of Peridotite in the Samail Ophiolite
(Oman)
Woods
Hole
Back
Mineral Sequestration of CO2 by reaction with alkaline residues
Bayreuth
Hövelmann
Carbonation reactions in ultramafic rocks: experimental insights into physicochemical
processes, microtexure evolution and reaction mechanisms
Oslo
Beinlich
Carbonation reactions in ultramafic rocks
Oslo
Bonfils
Mechasmes et verrous de la carbonation minerale du CO2 en voie aqueuse
Toulouse
Gupta
CO2 sequestration through Mineral Carbonation in Alkaline Wastes
New Delhi
2011
2012

7. Onderzoek'4'
Year
Name
Description
University
Paukert
CO2 capture and Storage. Natural and Enhanced Mineralization in Peridotite Aquifiers
of the Samail Ophiolite (Oman)
New York
2012
Balucan
Thermal studies of Magnesium Silicates from the Great Serpentine Belt in New South
Wales
NS Wales
2013
Salek
Mineral CO2 Sequestration by Environmental Biotechnological Processes.
Delft
Santos
Sustainable Materialization of Residues from Thermal Processes into Carbon Sinks
Leuven
Roland
Evaluation of Mineral Carbonation Potential in Ultramafic Rocks
West
Scotland
Knops
CO2 sequestration with a Gravity Pressure Vessel: “Modeling and Lab results”
Leuven
2016

8. “Nederlands”'onderzoek
'
• U:( ( ( ( Prof.(Schuiling,(prof.(Spiers
U
• IOZ:(( ( ( Francesc(Montserrat
N
• U(DelV:(( ( Shiva(Salek
T
• UR:(( ( ( Hein(ten(Berge,(Rene(Rietra
W
• UR:( ( ( Ralph(Lindeboom
W
• eltares:( ( iov(RWS,(greenSand
D
• ovares:( ( Schouwpad
M
• IVM
R
• ijkswaterstaat((
R
• euven(( ( Pol(Knops
L

9. Chemische'reac/e'
Olivijn:
Mg2SiO4 + 4CO2 + 4H2O => 4HCO3- +2Mg2+ + Si(OH)4
[∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol]
Andere mineralen vergelijkbaar effect
(wel langzamer)(
Effecten:

10. Voordelen'
• Permanent:(
– Geologische(7jdsschaal(
– Geen(verantwoordelijkheids(risico(
• Stabiel(eind(product(
• Ruim(beschikbaar(
• Aanpak'diffuse'&'historische'emissies(
• In#poten(e:#energie#winnen#én#CO2#vastleggen#

11. Voorkomens'

12. Nadelen'
• Langzame(reac7e:(
• atuurlijk proces
N
• ersnelde verwering (enhanced weathering)
V
• roduct vervanging
P
• rocess intensificatie
P
• Hoeveelheden(
• Energie:(winnen,(transport,(malen(
• Nikkel,#Chroom#

13. Hoeveelheden'
• Om(alle(CO2(wereldwijd'compensere:(
– 7(km3(per(year((25(Gton)(
– Vergelijkbaar(grootste(mijn(
• Bruinkool:(1(Gton/yr(
• Coal:(4(Gton/yr(
Overburder(factor:(5(
• Oil(sand:(>1(Mton/dag(

14. Energie
'
• Berekeningen(tov(CO2(vastlegging(
• Mijnen:( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0,33%(
• Transport(NoorwegencNederland:(3,5%(
• Malen:( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0,14%(c(10,4%(
• .(( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (1(mm(–(10(μm)(
• Totaal:' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 4%'V'14%'

15. Op/es'
3(routes:(
( (( ( ( ( ( ( (
natuurlijke(verwering( (
Product(vervanging( (
Proces(intensifica7e( (
condi/es''
natuurlijk(
variërend(
HPHT(( (
'
(
(
(
focus''
CO2/Oceaan'verzuring(
Vervanging(
Eind(Producten(

16. Natuurlijke'verwering'

17. Virgin'Earth'Challenge'

18. Versnelde'verwering'
c atuurlijke(verwering(
N
( Snelheid(geologische(7jdsschaal(
c ersnelde(verwering((enhanced)(
V
( malen,((
( organische(zuren,(schimmels,(korstmossen,((
( erosieve(plaatsen(
Rotsen(
Bodem(
Lichens(secrete(oxalic(acid( Mycorrhizal(fungi(secrete(a(
range(of(organic(acids(
Strand(
Waddengebiede
n(
Constant(abrasion(
Lugworm(eats(top(layer(

19. Product'vervanging'
• Olivijn:(
– Als(grind,(zand,(etc.((
– Bemes7ng:(
( tegengaan(verzuring((
( Magnesium(agiVe,((
( CO2(binding(
• Levensduur(product(
(>=(verweringssnelheid(
• Nikkel((

20. Producten

23. Proces'intensifica/e'
• Chemisch(proces(
• Hoge(druk,(hoge(temperatuur:(
• Accelerated(reac7on(rate((
(1.000.000'keer)(
• Exotherme(reac7e(
12(December(2013((
Rathenau(Symposium((Innova7on(Concepts(
23(

24. Process'condi/ons
'
Mineraliza/on' Flue'gas'
VerTech'
(GPV)'
60°C(
Temperature( 180°C(
275°C(
Pressure(
40c100(bar(
Ambient(
(10%(CO2)(
100(bar(
Residence(
7me(
1(hour(
seconds(
1(hour(
13/11/2013(
AUTUMN'SESSION'PINNL'(
(Pol(Knops/(Innova7on(Concept((24(

25. “CO2(energy(
reactor”
(

26. Well(head(

27. Onderzoek'Leuven
'