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Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
Remember:
      What is pH of an ALKALI?

Alkalis have a pH value greater than 7
    0             7             14


                    ALKALI
                     Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
Characteristics of ALKALI?
  Alkalis is a base that is soluble in
         water (can dissolve)

Strong alkali can cause chemical burns

Alkali feels slippery or like soap when
              you touch it.
                       Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
FORMULA of an ALKALI?
     Metals from group I and II
          I – Alkali metals
      II – Alkali earth metal

Most alkalis are hydroxide compounds
             (I or II)OH (aq)

                    Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
Remember:
    What is pH of an ACID?

Acids have a pH value less than 7
  0            7             14


      ACIDS
                   Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
Characteristics of ACID?
    ACIDS can react with a base

      Acids have a sour taste

Acids contain hydrogen and an oxide


                    Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
FORMULA of an ACID?

                Metal oxide
         H+     Non-metal oxide
                Chloride gas

Most acids are hydrogen compounds
        H(O-compound) (aq)
                  Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
What reaction will take place?

          NEUTRALISATION
When ACID is added to ALKALI, they
    will cancel one another out.
The reaction is called neutralisation,
because they neutralise one another.

                     Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
All neutralisation reactions follow the
              same form:
  Alkali + Acid  salt + water

 (metal)OH + H(O compound) 
 (metal)(O compound) + (H)(OH)


                      Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
What is a CARBONATE?

   (metal) + CO3 (s)

     Examples:
      CaCO3 (s)
     MgCO3 (s)
      CuCO3 (s)
              Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
What is an ACID?

Hydrogen + (chloride OR sulphate OR
              nitrate)
             Examples:
             HCl (aq) or (l)
           H2SO4 (aq) or (l)
            HNO3 (aq) or (l)
                    Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
ALL reactions between carbonates and
       acid has the same form.

  Carbonate + acid  salt + water +
          carbon dioxide


                     Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
Steps:
 1) Metal replaces “H” to form a salt
              MgSO4 (s) + H
       2) Carbonate decomposes
            CO3  CO2 (g) + O
3) Extra “H” and “O” combines to form
                   water
             2H + O  H2O(l)
                     Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric
             acid
  




                  Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
Magnesium carbonate + sulphuric
             acid
 




                 Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
Copper carbonate + nitric acid






                 Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012

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Chemical reactions: Acids/Alkalis and Acids/Carbonate

  • 2. Remember: What is pH of an ALKALI? Alkalis have a pH value greater than 7 0 7 14 ALKALI Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 3. Characteristics of ALKALI? Alkalis is a base that is soluble in water (can dissolve) Strong alkali can cause chemical burns Alkali feels slippery or like soap when you touch it. Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 4. FORMULA of an ALKALI? Metals from group I and II I – Alkali metals II – Alkali earth metal Most alkalis are hydroxide compounds (I or II)OH (aq) Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 5. Remember: What is pH of an ACID? Acids have a pH value less than 7 0 7 14 ACIDS Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 6. Characteristics of ACID? ACIDS can react with a base Acids have a sour taste Acids contain hydrogen and an oxide Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 7. FORMULA of an ACID? Metal oxide H+ Non-metal oxide Chloride gas Most acids are hydrogen compounds H(O-compound) (aq) Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 8. What reaction will take place? NEUTRALISATION When ACID is added to ALKALI, they will cancel one another out. The reaction is called neutralisation, because they neutralise one another. Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 9. All neutralisation reactions follow the same form: Alkali + Acid  salt + water (metal)OH + H(O compound)  (metal)(O compound) + (H)(OH) Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 11. What is a CARBONATE? (metal) + CO3 (s) Examples: CaCO3 (s) MgCO3 (s) CuCO3 (s) Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 12. What is an ACID? Hydrogen + (chloride OR sulphate OR nitrate) Examples: HCl (aq) or (l) H2SO4 (aq) or (l) HNO3 (aq) or (l) Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 13. ALL reactions between carbonates and acid has the same form. Carbonate + acid  salt + water + carbon dioxide Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 14. Steps: 1) Metal replaces “H” to form a salt MgSO4 (s) + H 2) Carbonate decomposes CO3  CO2 (g) + O 3) Extra “H” and “O” combines to form water 2H + O  H2O(l) Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 15. Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid  Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 16. Magnesium carbonate + sulphuric acid  Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012
  • 17. Copper carbonate + nitric acid  Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012