12. Fitness function
• Answers the question „How good is program in
doing its work?”
• May contain some penalties, e.g. for the size of the
program
• Lexicase selection
14. Push&PushGP
• Language for creating evolutionary systems
• Based on stacks:
• one stack for every type of data
• one stack for code
• one stack for executed program
• Based on operations on stacks’ elements.