BMS

1. The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

2. THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ORGANS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. Testes
2. System of Ducts
– Epididymis
– Ductus deferens
– Ejaculatory ducts
– Urethra
3. Accessory Sex Glands
– Seminal vessicle
– Prostate gland
– Bulbourethral gland
4. Supporting Structures
– Scrotum – Spermatic cord – Penis

3. THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

4. THE TESTES

5. TESTES
→ also called testicles.
→ paired, oval glands in the scrotum.
SCROTUM – the supporting structure of the TESTES.
It consists of loose skin and subcutaneous layer.
→ raphe → scrotal septum
→ dartos muscle → cremaster muscle
LAYERS OF THE TESTIS
1. Tunica vaginalis – partially covers the testis
2. Tunica albuginea – extends inward forming lobules.

6. TESTES AND SCROTUM

7. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
→ tightly coiled tubes where sperms are produced.
→ Sperm production is called ___________
2 TYPES OF CELLS IN THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
1. spermatogenic cells – sperm-forming cells
2. Sertoli cells – functions for support
*3. Leydig cells – found in the spaces between adjacent
seminiferous tubules that secretes male hormone.

8. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

9. PROGRESSION OF SPERMATOGENESIS TOWARDS THE
LUMEN OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

10. PROGRESSION OF SPERMATOGENESIS TOWARDS THE
LUMEN OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

11. SYSTEM OF DUCTS

12. DUCTS OF THE TESTIS
1. Straight ducts – short ducts that connects the
seminiferous tubules to rete testis.
2. Rete testis – network of ducts in the testis.
3. Efferent ducts – coiled ducts that moves the sperms
from the testis to the epididymis
EPIDIDYMIS
→ a comma-shaped organ that lies along the posterior
border of each testis.
→ site of sperm maturation and storage.
Ductus Epipidymis – tightly coiled ducts within the
epididymis.

13. PATHWAY OF SPERMS

14. DUCTUS DEFERENS
→ continuation of the ductus epididymis.
→ less convoluted and its diameter increases.
spermatic cord → pelvic cavity → ureter → urinary bladder
AMPULLA – dilated terminal portion of the ductus
deferens.
SPERMATIC CORD – a supporting structure that contains
(a) ductus deferens (b) testicular artery (c) testicular veins
(d) nerves (e) lymphatic vessels (f) cremaster muscle

15. EJACULATORY DUCTS
→ formed by the union of the seminal vessicle duct and
ampulla
→ terminates at the prostatic urethra where they eject
sperm and seminal vesicle secretions.
URETHRA
→ shared terminal duct of reproductive and urinary system
a.) prostatic urethra
b.) membranous urethra
c.) spongy urethra

16. SYSTEM OF DUCTS

17. ACESSORY SEX GLANDS

18. SEMINAL VESSICLE
→ paired, convoluted, pouch-like structures at the base of
the urinary bladder.
→ secrete alkaline,viscous fluid containing
a.) fructose
b.) prostaglandin
c.) clotting protein.
→ constitutes 60% of the volume of semen.
**Why is the secretion alkaline?

19. Where's the seminal vessicle?

20. PROSTATE
→ single, doughnut-shaped gland, inferior to the urinary
bladder.
→ secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid containing
a.) citric acid
b.) proteolytic enzymes
c.) acid phosphatase
d.) seminalplasmin
→ constitutes 25% of the volume of semen.

21. Where's the prostate?

22. BULBOURETHRAL GLAND
→ pea-sized, paired glands located inferior to the prostate
→ it opens into the spongy urethra.
→ secretes an alkaline fluid and mucous
→ Function?
** SEMEN – a mixture of and seminal fluids.

23. Where's the bulbourethral gland?

24. THE PENIS

25. THE PENIS
→ contains the urethra
→ passageway for both ________ and _________
→ cylindrical in shape and consists of 3 regions.
3 REGIONS OF THE PENIS
1. Body
2. Glans penis
3. Root of the penis

26. THE PENIS
→ contains the urethra
→ passageway for both ________ and _________
→ cylindrical in shape and consists of 3 regions.
3 REGIONS OF THE PENIS
1. Body
2. Glans penis
3. Root of the penis

27. BODY OF THE PENIS
→ Consists of erectile tissue
→ Composed of 3 cylindrical masses. Each surrounded
with tunica albuginea.
a.) Two (2) corpora cavernosa penis
b.) One (1) corpus spongiosum penis → contains the
spongy urethra.

28. THE PENIS
→ contains the urethra
→ passageway for both ________ and _________
→ cylindrical in shape and consists of 3 regions.
3 REGIONS OF THE PENIS
1. Body
2. Glans penis
3. Root of the penis

29. THE PENIS
→ contains the urethra
→ passageway for both ________ and _________
→ cylindrical in shape and consists of 3 regions.
3 REGIONS OF THE PENIS
1. Body
2. Glans penis
3. Root of the penis

30. GLANS PENIS
→ slightly enlarged distal end of the corpus spongiosum
penis
→ acorn-shaped
PARTS OF THE GLANS PENIS
1. CORONA → margin
2. EXTERNAL URETHRAL OPENING → terminal slit-like
opening.
3. PREPUCE → covering in an uncircumcised penis.

31. THE PENIS
→ contains the urethra
→ passageway for both ________ and _________
→ cylindrical in shape and consists of 3 regions.
3 REGIONS OF THE PENIS
1. Body
2. Glans penis
3. Root of the penis

32. ROOT OF THE PENIS
→ the attached portion. Consists of 2 parts.
1. BULB OF PENIS
→ the expanded portion of the base of the corpus
spongiosum penis.
2. CRUS OF PENIS
→ the two separated and tapered portions of corpora
cavernosa penis.

33. THE PENIS
→ contains the urethra
→ passageway for both ________ and _________
→ cylindrical in shape and consists of 3 regions.
3 REGIONS OF THE PENIS
1. Body
2. Glans penis
3. Root of the penis

34. THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ORGANS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. Ovaries
2. Uterine Tube
3. Uterus
4. Vagina
5. Vulva

35. THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ORGANS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. Ovaries
2. Uterine Tube
3. Uterus
4. Vagina
5. Vulva

36. OVARIES
→ the female gonads
→ homologous to the testes
FUNCTIONS OF THE OVARIES
1. Produce gametes
2. Produce hormones
HISTOLOGY OF THE OVARY
1. Germinal epithelium
2. Tunica albuginea
3. Ovarian cortex
4. Ovarian medulla

37. HISTOLOGY OF THE OVARY
1. Germinal epithelium
2. Tunica albuginea
3. Ovarian cortex
4. Ovarian medulla

38. OVARIAN FOLLICLES
→ found in the ovarian cortex
→ structures containing oocyte in various stage of
development.
FOLLICULAR CELLS - “single layer”
GRANULOSA CELLS - “several layer”
→ nourish oocyte and secret
female hormones.

39. MATURE FOLLICLE
→ also known as g______ follicle.
→ ready to rupture and expel its secondary oocyte in a
process known as ______
CORPUS LUTEUM
→ remnants of a mature follicle after ovulation.
→ produces female hormones until it degenerates into
corpus albicans

40. HISTOLOGY OF THE OVARY
1. Germinal epithelium
2. Tunica albuginea
3. Ovarian cortex
4. Ovarian medulla

41. HISTOLOGY OF THE OVARY
1. Germinal epithelium
2. Tunica albuginea
3. Ovarian cortex
4. Ovarian medulla

42. FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT
1. Oogonia
→ differentiate to become oocyte
2. Primary follicle stage
→ primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells.
→ stromal cells will form outside the follicle

43. Primary Follicular Stage

44. 2. Secondary follicle stage
→ primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells
→ a clear layer will form in between the primary oocyte
and granulosa cell, this is called zona pelucida
→ stromal cells outside the follicle begin to form an
organized layer called theca folliculi

45. 3. Secondary follicle stage

46. 3. Intermediate Graafian Follicle
→ primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells
→ granulosa cells builds up a cavity called antrum
→ inner granulosa cells are now called corona radiata
→ theca folliculi differentiates into
(a) theca interna
(b) theca externa

47. Intermediate Graafian Follicle

48. 3. Mature or Graafian Follicle
→ primary oocyte becomes secondary oocyte
→ antrum becomes larger
→ corona radiata becomes more distinct
→ secondary oocyte ready for ovulation

49. 3. Mature or Graafian Follicle

52. UTERINE TUBES
→ AKA, fallopian tubes, oviducts
FUNCTIONS:
1.) provide route for sperm to reach ovum
2.) transport secondary oocyte and fertilized ova to the
uterus.
PARTS OF THE UTERINE TUBE
1.) INFUNDIBULUM – funnel shape
2.) FIMBRIAE – finger-like projections
3.) AMPULLA – longer
4.) ISTHMUS - shorter

53. UTERINE TUBES
→ AKA, fallopian tubes, oviducts
FUNCTIONS:
1.) provide route for sperm to reach ovum
2.) transport secondary oocyte and fertilized ova to the
uterus.
PARTS OF THE UTERINE TUBE
1.) INFUNDIBULUM – funnel shape
2.) FIBRAE – finger-like projections
3.) AMPULLA – longer
4.) ISTHMUS - shorter

54. UTERUS
→ AKA, womb
FUNCTIONS:
1. Pathway of sperm
2. Implantation of fertilized ovum
3. Development of fetus
4. Source of menstrual flow if?
PARTS OF THE UTERUS
1. FUNDUS– dome-shaped superior portion
2. BODY – tapering central portion
3. CERVIX – narrow portion that opens to the vagina

55. 4. UTERINE CAVITY
5. CERVICAL CANAL
6. INTERNAL OS
7. EXTERNAL OS
Histology of the Uterus
1. Perimetrium
2. Myometrium
3. Endometrium

56. 4. UTERINE CAVITY
5. CERVICAL CANAL
6. INTERNAL OS
7. EXTERNAL OS
Histology of the Uterus
1. Perimetrium
2. Myometrium
3. Endometrium

57. VAGINA
→ long fibromuscular canal from the exterior to the cervix
FUNCTIONS:
1. Receptacle of penis during?
2. Outlet of menstrual flow
3. Passageway for childbirth
HISTOLOGY OF THE VAGINA
1. MUCOSA
2. MUSCULARIS
3. ADVENTITIA
4. HYMEN

58. 4. UTERINE CAVITY
5. CERVICAL CANAL
6. INTERNAL OS
7. EXTERNAL OS
Histology of the Uterus
1. Perimetrium
2. Myometrium
3. Endometrium

59. VULVA
→ external genitals in female.
PARTS OF THE VULVA:
1. Mons pubis – elevation anterior to the vaginal and
urethral openings.
2. Labia majora – longitudinal folds covered with pubic hair
3. Labia minora – smaller folds devoid with pubic hair
4. Clitoris – cylindrical mass composed of two small
erectile bodies (corpora cavernosa)
– Prepuce of the clitoris
– Glans clitoris

60. VULVA
→ external genitals in female.
PARTS OF THE VULVA:
1. Mons pubis – elevation anterior to the vaginal and
urethral openings.
2. Labia majora – longitudinal folds covered with pubic hair
3. Labia minora – smaller folds devoid with pubic hair
4. Clitoris – cylindrical mass composed of two small
erectile bodies (corpora cavernosa)
– Prepuce of the clitoris
– Glans clitoris

61. 5. Vestibule – region within the labia minora. Consists of
– Hymen (if still present)
– Vaginal orifice
– External urethral orifice
– Paraurethral gland
– Great vestibular gland (Function?)
6. Bulb of vestibule – two elongated masses of erectile
tissue deep to the labia. (Function?)

62. 5. Vestibule – region within the labia minora. Consists of
– Hymen (if still present)
– Vaginal orifice
– External urethral orifice
– Paraurethral gland
– Great vestibular gland (Function?)
6. Bulb of vestibule – two elongated masses of erectile
tissue deep to the labia. (Function?)

63. 5. Vestibule – region within the labia minora. Consists of
– Hymen (if still present)
– Vaginal orifice
– External urethral orifice
– Paraurethral gland
– Great vestibular gland (Function?)
6. Bulb of vestibule – two elongated masses of erectile
tissue deep to the labia. (Function?)