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Web Accessibility in 2020
Headache or Opportunity?
Living with a disability can be really difficult. Making your website
accessible isn't. Let's improve the web together.
Accessible Web, LLC is the sister company to Bytes.co. We are dedicated to helping
businesses make their websites accessible to those with disabilities. Our services
include manual audits, remediation consulting, accessibility certification, accessibility
monitoring, & new accessible website builds.
The digital accessibility industry is filled with band-aid, add-on accessibility solutions.
At Accessible Web, we help fix the problem at the source. Our technology & support
services help you upgrade your site’s code so it conforms to WCAG 2.1 A, AA, or AAA
standards natively, not through an add-on, alternative user experience.
Accessible Web
Founder
Peter Jewett,
CPACC
Co-Founder, Lead
Accessibility Analyst
Pete Bruhn,
CPACC
Accessibility Developer
Nick Romano,
CPACC
Accessibility Developer
Ryan Berliner,
CPACC
Meet Our Team
Website accessibility means that people with visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and/or neurological
disabilities can perceive, understand, navigate, and operate the information being presented on the entirety of your
website. Tools that help users to navigate the web are called assistive technologies.
To ensure an equally excellent experience for all users, we’ll help you build or update your website to work with a
variety of assistive technologies.
Users with low vision or
blindness use screen
readers to control their
computers. This
technology announces
content verbally so these
users can hear what is
on a page.
Screen Readers
Multimedia is the
centerpoint of many
modern websites. Ensure
that users that are deaf
or hard of hearing can
enjoy videos or audio by
providing closed
captioning & transcripts
for all media files.
Closed Captions &
Transcripts
Websites should only
require two buttons to be
usable; the tab key and
the enter key. Assistive
technologies mimic the
keyboard to provide
unique interfaces, like
sip-and-puff devices, to
address a variety of
disabilities.
Keyboard
Navigation
Low vision is a very
common disability,
especially among the
elderly population. Many
users of your website
may not be able to read
small text or images and
use built-in browser tools
or specific software to
increase the size of
content on the page.
Zoom Text
What is Website Accessibility?
Information and user interface
components must be presentable to
users in ways they can perceive (it can’t
be invisible to all of their senses).
Example: Employing alt attributes on
img elements meaning, alternative text
can describe what is being presented
in the image.
Perceivable
User interface components and
navigation must be operable (the
interface cannot require interaction that
a user cannot perform).
Example: Being able to navigate the
website only using the keyboard (no
mouse).
Operable
Content must be robust enough that it
can be interpreted reliably by a wide
variety of user agents, including assistive
technologies (as technologies and user
agents evolve, the content should
remain accessible).
Example: Maximizing compatibility with
current and future user agents, including
assistive technologies.
Robust
Information and the operation of the
user interface must be understandable
(the content or operation cannot be
beyond their understanding).
Example: Specifying the default
language of the website or document
by providing the “lang” attribute on the
HTML element.
Understandable
WCAG
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
For Level AAA conformance, the Web page
satisfies all the Level A, Level AA, and Level
AAA Success Criteria, or a Level AAA
conforming alternate version is provided.
AAA (Best) - 28 Success Criteria
For Level AA conformance, the Web page
satisfies all the Level A and Level AA Success
Criteria, or a Level AA conforming alternate
version is provided.
AA (Better) - 20 Success Criteria
For Level A conformance (the minimum level of
conformance), the Web page satisfies all the
Level A Success Criteria, or a conforming
alternate version is provided.
A (Good) - 30 Success Criteria
AAA
AA
A
WCAG 2.1 Conformance Levels
https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref/
What’s It Like to Use a Screen Reader?
The internet has the power to break down barriers & put people from all
walks of life on an equal playing field. The web accessibility tools and
specifications, which allow users with disabilities to browse and use the
web, are not difficult to integrate into modern web design &
development practices. Let’s all work together and make the
commitment to create a web that’s accessible to everyone.
Social Responsibility
In many countries, including the United States, having an accessible
website is required by law. You don’t want to receive that letter from
lawyers or the government. Making an investment in WCAG upgrades
now is better than spending a lot of money on lawyers later.
Legal Protection
The CDC estimates that approximately 20% of Americans live with a
disability. You wouldn’t close the doors of your business to 20% of
potential customers, so why limit their access to your website? Web
Accessibility is also great for SEO and improves usability for all users of
your website. Upgrading your website isn’t an expense, it’s an
opportunity.
Just Good Business
Social
Responsibility
Why is Website Accessibility Important?
Legal
Protection
Just Good
Business
This is the most comprehensive civil rights
protection for people with disabilities. Title III
of the ADA prohibits disability discrimination in
the full and equal enjoyment of the goods,
services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and
accommodations.
ADA Passed & Implemented
President Clinton signs Rehabilitation
act of 1973 into law. This includes
Section 508, addressing the
procurement of accessible
technology.
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
1990 1998
Legal Landscape
NFB sues Target for inaccessibility of
website for blind people and wins.
Decision establishes that Title III’s
provisions regarding “places of
public accommodation” apply to
websites.
NFB vs Target Corp
Netflix is sued for not providing
closed captioning for deaf users.
Judge Rules that “places of public
accommodation are not limited to
physical structures.” Netflix settles.
NAD vs Netflix
2006 2012
Legal Landscape, Continued
The era of the demand letter begins,
spearheaded by Carlson Lynch.
Every business is at risk of receiving
a threatening letter demanding they
upgrade their website and pay a
settlement or face a lawsuit.
Carlson Lynch Demand Letters
The 9th US Circuit Court ruled that the
“inaccessibility of Domino’s website and app
impedes access to the goods and services of its
physical pizza franchises—which are places of
public accommodation.”
Dominos appealed to the Supreme Court which
denied to hear the case.
Dominos vs Robles
2015 2019
Legal Landscape, Continued
814 Lawsuits
2017
2285 Lawsuits
2018
Official numbers have not
yet been published, but
it’s looking like there will
be at least hundreds
more than in 2018.
2019
Accessibility Lawsuits
The Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA)
became law in 1990. The
ADA is a civil rights law that
prohibits discrimination
against individuals with
disabilities in all areas of
public life, including jobs,
schools, transportation, and
all public and private places
that are open to the general
public. The purpose of the
law is to make sure that
people with disabilities have
the same rights and
opportunities as everyone
else.
Americans With
Disabilities Act
Accessibility Laws
The Accessibility for
Ontarians with Disabilities
Act, 2005 (AODA) is an
Ontario law mandating that
organizations must follow
standards to become more
accessible to people with
disabilities. The goal for the
province is to be fully
accessible by 2025. All
levels of government,
private sectors, and
nonprofits must comply with
this legislation.
Accessibility for
Ontarians with
Disabilities Act
Section 508 of the
Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C.
§ 794d), as amended by the
Workforce Investment Act of
1998 (P.L. 105-220), requires
federal agencies to develop,
procure, maintain, and use
information and
communications technology
(ICT) that is accessible to
people with disabilities -
regardless of whether or not
they work for the federal
government.
Section 508 of the
Rehabilitation Act of
1973 (2017 Refresh)
ADA AODA 508
Avoid these pitfalls
Example: https://www.essexresort.com/
Avoid separate user experiences for users
with disabilities, which typically end up
neglected. Build your main site correctly.
Separate But Equal
Example: https://mansfieldhall.org/
These solutions are popping up
everywhere. Users with disabilities want to
use their own assistive tech, not your
workaround.
Overlays & Instant Solutions
Don’t assume, always verify that your
website works as expected by running
through user scenarios with assistive tech.
Ideally, find a native user of assistive tech.
Always Do UX Testing
We can help build a brand new, accessible
website that conforms to WCAG 2.1 AA
standards. It’s generally easier to build an
accessible site from the ground up than to
remediate an existing site.
New
Website
Audit &
Remediate
If a site was recently built, it might make
more sense to audit the site to find
accessibility barriers and then remediate
those issues. We’ll audit the site and provide
the results to our developers so that they can
make the necessary upgrades.
Pick An Accessibility Path
The first step is figuring out which level of
WCAG Conformance you’re aiming to
achieve; A, AA, or AAA.
Decide on Your Conformance Level
There are a variety of Accessible WordPress
themes available, but verify for yourself.
https://wordpress.org/themes/tags/accessi
bility-ready/
Choose A WordPress Theme
We recommend starting with building out
global areas, then customizing templates,
and doing content last. Don’t forget about
videos, pdfs, and the media library.
Globals, Templates, Content
Building Accessible Websites w/WordPress
You’ll need to be thinking about color
contrasts early in the process, requirements
vary by conformance level.
Design Considerations
This is the core area where you’re going to
need to focus. Get comfortable using
screen readers and keyboard navigations.
Code Considerations
Content needs to be organized with
headers in a logical manner, links need
descriptive text, pdfs need to be accessible,
videos need closed captioning, images need
alt tags.
Content Considerations
Accessibility needs to be front-of-mind during the entire process, this is not a final step in the website build process.
Step 1:
Audit
Step 2:
Remediation
Step 3:
Certify
Step 4:
Monitor &
Maintain
Audit & Remediation Process
We’ll audit your website to
identify where it is passing and
failing WCAG 2.1 A, AA, or AAA
standards. We provide a written
report for your engineering
team to work with.
Our experienced development
team can handle the necessary
accessibility upgrades for you.
We’ll take the results from the
audit and make the necessary
upgrades to ensure the site is
meeting WCAG 2.1 standards.
Once your website has been
upgraded to meet WCAG 2.1 A,
AA, or AAA conformance, our
certification will summarize your
level of compliance, as assessed
by an Accessible Web analyst,
on a specific date.
Your website isn’t static, and your
team is probably periodically (or
frequently) updating it with new
content and functionality. Have the
peace of mind that your website is
staying in WCAG 2.1 conformance
with our training, monitoring, and
re-certification services.
The first step of your website’s accessibility
journey is to install the Accessible Web badge.
The Accessible Web Badge is a snippet of
javascript that opens a modal window that
includes an accessibility policy, contact
information, a form for reporting accessibility
issues, and information about Accessible Web. It
also has a few options for "Status". When we install
the badge, you'll have a status of "Onboarding".
Once your site has been upgraded and meets
WCAG A or AA standards, we'll upgrade your
status to "Certified".
Accessible Web Badge & Modal
Shameless Promotion
Accessibility Policy Contact Info Report an Issue
This badge will let your website visitors and lawyers know that you're starting the process of upgrading your
website to meet WCAG conformance and ADA compliance. Installing our badge will not provide you with legal
protection. It will let your users know with disabilities know that their experience is important to your organization,
and it will let lawyers know that you're not a soft target that's unaware of current ADA laws. Once your website is
upgraded and meets WCAG Conformance, you will be legally protected from ADA lawsuits.
About Accessible Web
Shameless Promotion
● https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/
● https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref/
● https://www.w3.org/WAI/roles/
Get Familiar with W3.org’s website
We’d recommend getting your CPACC. If
you’re a developer, get your WAS as well.
https://www.accessibilityassociation.org/cer
tification
Get Certified with IAAP
● https://wave.webaim.org/
● https://www.google.com/accessibility/prod
ucts-features/
● https://www.deque.com/axe/axe-for-web/
Automated Scan Tools
Tools & Resources
Keep up to date with what the WordPress
team is up to, especially their ATAG work on
the WP backend:
https://wordpress.org/about/accessibility/
Get involved with WordPress
● https://www.nvaccess.org/download/
● https://www.apple.com/accessibility/
● https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/acces
sibility/windows
Get Comfortable with Assistive Tech
● http://www.nfb-me.org/
● https://www.maine.gov/rehab/ada/
Network with Assistive Tech Users
Questions?
Peter Jewett, Founder, CEO
peter@bytes.co
802-448-4001 x 701
38%
74%
38%
74%
Thanks!
Get In Touch Anytime

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Portland, ME WordPress Meetup - Web Accessibility in 2020

  • 1. Web Accessibility in 2020 Headache or Opportunity? Living with a disability can be really difficult. Making your website accessible isn't. Let's improve the web together.
  • 2. Accessible Web, LLC is the sister company to Bytes.co. We are dedicated to helping businesses make their websites accessible to those with disabilities. Our services include manual audits, remediation consulting, accessibility certification, accessibility monitoring, & new accessible website builds. The digital accessibility industry is filled with band-aid, add-on accessibility solutions. At Accessible Web, we help fix the problem at the source. Our technology & support services help you upgrade your site’s code so it conforms to WCAG 2.1 A, AA, or AAA standards natively, not through an add-on, alternative user experience. Accessible Web
  • 3. Founder Peter Jewett, CPACC Co-Founder, Lead Accessibility Analyst Pete Bruhn, CPACC Accessibility Developer Nick Romano, CPACC Accessibility Developer Ryan Berliner, CPACC Meet Our Team
  • 4. Website accessibility means that people with visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and/or neurological disabilities can perceive, understand, navigate, and operate the information being presented on the entirety of your website. Tools that help users to navigate the web are called assistive technologies. To ensure an equally excellent experience for all users, we’ll help you build or update your website to work with a variety of assistive technologies. Users with low vision or blindness use screen readers to control their computers. This technology announces content verbally so these users can hear what is on a page. Screen Readers Multimedia is the centerpoint of many modern websites. Ensure that users that are deaf or hard of hearing can enjoy videos or audio by providing closed captioning & transcripts for all media files. Closed Captions & Transcripts Websites should only require two buttons to be usable; the tab key and the enter key. Assistive technologies mimic the keyboard to provide unique interfaces, like sip-and-puff devices, to address a variety of disabilities. Keyboard Navigation Low vision is a very common disability, especially among the elderly population. Many users of your website may not be able to read small text or images and use built-in browser tools or specific software to increase the size of content on the page. Zoom Text What is Website Accessibility?
  • 5. Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive (it can’t be invisible to all of their senses). Example: Employing alt attributes on img elements meaning, alternative text can describe what is being presented in the image. Perceivable User interface components and navigation must be operable (the interface cannot require interaction that a user cannot perform). Example: Being able to navigate the website only using the keyboard (no mouse). Operable Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies (as technologies and user agents evolve, the content should remain accessible). Example: Maximizing compatibility with current and future user agents, including assistive technologies. Robust Information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable (the content or operation cannot be beyond their understanding). Example: Specifying the default language of the website or document by providing the “lang” attribute on the HTML element. Understandable WCAG Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
  • 6. For Level AAA conformance, the Web page satisfies all the Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA Success Criteria, or a Level AAA conforming alternate version is provided. AAA (Best) - 28 Success Criteria For Level AA conformance, the Web page satisfies all the Level A and Level AA Success Criteria, or a Level AA conforming alternate version is provided. AA (Better) - 20 Success Criteria For Level A conformance (the minimum level of conformance), the Web page satisfies all the Level A Success Criteria, or a conforming alternate version is provided. A (Good) - 30 Success Criteria AAA AA A WCAG 2.1 Conformance Levels https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref/
  • 7. What’s It Like to Use a Screen Reader?
  • 8. The internet has the power to break down barriers & put people from all walks of life on an equal playing field. The web accessibility tools and specifications, which allow users with disabilities to browse and use the web, are not difficult to integrate into modern web design & development practices. Let’s all work together and make the commitment to create a web that’s accessible to everyone. Social Responsibility In many countries, including the United States, having an accessible website is required by law. You don’t want to receive that letter from lawyers or the government. Making an investment in WCAG upgrades now is better than spending a lot of money on lawyers later. Legal Protection The CDC estimates that approximately 20% of Americans live with a disability. You wouldn’t close the doors of your business to 20% of potential customers, so why limit their access to your website? Web Accessibility is also great for SEO and improves usability for all users of your website. Upgrading your website isn’t an expense, it’s an opportunity. Just Good Business Social Responsibility Why is Website Accessibility Important? Legal Protection Just Good Business
  • 9. This is the most comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities. Title III of the ADA prohibits disability discrimination in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and accommodations. ADA Passed & Implemented President Clinton signs Rehabilitation act of 1973 into law. This includes Section 508, addressing the procurement of accessible technology. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 1990 1998 Legal Landscape
  • 10. NFB sues Target for inaccessibility of website for blind people and wins. Decision establishes that Title III’s provisions regarding “places of public accommodation” apply to websites. NFB vs Target Corp Netflix is sued for not providing closed captioning for deaf users. Judge Rules that “places of public accommodation are not limited to physical structures.” Netflix settles. NAD vs Netflix 2006 2012 Legal Landscape, Continued
  • 11. The era of the demand letter begins, spearheaded by Carlson Lynch. Every business is at risk of receiving a threatening letter demanding they upgrade their website and pay a settlement or face a lawsuit. Carlson Lynch Demand Letters The 9th US Circuit Court ruled that the “inaccessibility of Domino’s website and app impedes access to the goods and services of its physical pizza franchises—which are places of public accommodation.” Dominos appealed to the Supreme Court which denied to hear the case. Dominos vs Robles 2015 2019 Legal Landscape, Continued
  • 12. 814 Lawsuits 2017 2285 Lawsuits 2018 Official numbers have not yet been published, but it’s looking like there will be at least hundreds more than in 2018. 2019 Accessibility Lawsuits
  • 13. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. Americans With Disabilities Act Accessibility Laws The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005 (AODA) is an Ontario law mandating that organizations must follow standards to become more accessible to people with disabilities. The goal for the province is to be fully accessible by 2025. All levels of government, private sectors, and nonprofits must comply with this legislation. Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. § 794d), as amended by the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-220), requires federal agencies to develop, procure, maintain, and use information and communications technology (ICT) that is accessible to people with disabilities - regardless of whether or not they work for the federal government. Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (2017 Refresh) ADA AODA 508
  • 14. Avoid these pitfalls Example: https://www.essexresort.com/ Avoid separate user experiences for users with disabilities, which typically end up neglected. Build your main site correctly. Separate But Equal Example: https://mansfieldhall.org/ These solutions are popping up everywhere. Users with disabilities want to use their own assistive tech, not your workaround. Overlays & Instant Solutions Don’t assume, always verify that your website works as expected by running through user scenarios with assistive tech. Ideally, find a native user of assistive tech. Always Do UX Testing
  • 15. We can help build a brand new, accessible website that conforms to WCAG 2.1 AA standards. It’s generally easier to build an accessible site from the ground up than to remediate an existing site. New Website Audit & Remediate If a site was recently built, it might make more sense to audit the site to find accessibility barriers and then remediate those issues. We’ll audit the site and provide the results to our developers so that they can make the necessary upgrades. Pick An Accessibility Path
  • 16. The first step is figuring out which level of WCAG Conformance you’re aiming to achieve; A, AA, or AAA. Decide on Your Conformance Level There are a variety of Accessible WordPress themes available, but verify for yourself. https://wordpress.org/themes/tags/accessi bility-ready/ Choose A WordPress Theme We recommend starting with building out global areas, then customizing templates, and doing content last. Don’t forget about videos, pdfs, and the media library. Globals, Templates, Content Building Accessible Websites w/WordPress You’ll need to be thinking about color contrasts early in the process, requirements vary by conformance level. Design Considerations This is the core area where you’re going to need to focus. Get comfortable using screen readers and keyboard navigations. Code Considerations Content needs to be organized with headers in a logical manner, links need descriptive text, pdfs need to be accessible, videos need closed captioning, images need alt tags. Content Considerations Accessibility needs to be front-of-mind during the entire process, this is not a final step in the website build process.
  • 17. Step 1: Audit Step 2: Remediation Step 3: Certify Step 4: Monitor & Maintain Audit & Remediation Process We’ll audit your website to identify where it is passing and failing WCAG 2.1 A, AA, or AAA standards. We provide a written report for your engineering team to work with. Our experienced development team can handle the necessary accessibility upgrades for you. We’ll take the results from the audit and make the necessary upgrades to ensure the site is meeting WCAG 2.1 standards. Once your website has been upgraded to meet WCAG 2.1 A, AA, or AAA conformance, our certification will summarize your level of compliance, as assessed by an Accessible Web analyst, on a specific date. Your website isn’t static, and your team is probably periodically (or frequently) updating it with new content and functionality. Have the peace of mind that your website is staying in WCAG 2.1 conformance with our training, monitoring, and re-certification services.
  • 18. The first step of your website’s accessibility journey is to install the Accessible Web badge. The Accessible Web Badge is a snippet of javascript that opens a modal window that includes an accessibility policy, contact information, a form for reporting accessibility issues, and information about Accessible Web. It also has a few options for "Status". When we install the badge, you'll have a status of "Onboarding". Once your site has been upgraded and meets WCAG A or AA standards, we'll upgrade your status to "Certified". Accessible Web Badge & Modal Shameless Promotion
  • 19. Accessibility Policy Contact Info Report an Issue This badge will let your website visitors and lawyers know that you're starting the process of upgrading your website to meet WCAG conformance and ADA compliance. Installing our badge will not provide you with legal protection. It will let your users know with disabilities know that their experience is important to your organization, and it will let lawyers know that you're not a soft target that's unaware of current ADA laws. Once your website is upgraded and meets WCAG Conformance, you will be legally protected from ADA lawsuits. About Accessible Web Shameless Promotion
  • 20. ● https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/ ● https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref/ ● https://www.w3.org/WAI/roles/ Get Familiar with W3.org’s website We’d recommend getting your CPACC. If you’re a developer, get your WAS as well. https://www.accessibilityassociation.org/cer tification Get Certified with IAAP ● https://wave.webaim.org/ ● https://www.google.com/accessibility/prod ucts-features/ ● https://www.deque.com/axe/axe-for-web/ Automated Scan Tools Tools & Resources Keep up to date with what the WordPress team is up to, especially their ATAG work on the WP backend: https://wordpress.org/about/accessibility/ Get involved with WordPress ● https://www.nvaccess.org/download/ ● https://www.apple.com/accessibility/ ● https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/acces sibility/windows Get Comfortable with Assistive Tech ● http://www.nfb-me.org/ ● https://www.maine.gov/rehab/ada/ Network with Assistive Tech Users
  • 22. Peter Jewett, Founder, CEO peter@bytes.co 802-448-4001 x 701 38% 74% 38% 74% Thanks! Get In Touch Anytime