G.E. Reading in Philippine History

1. READING OF
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
BY: PENN T. LARENA ,MPA,KCR

2.  differentiate primary and secondary
sources of historical records
To understand the meaning of history as
an academic discipline and to be familiar
with the underlying philosophy and
methodology of the discipline
To examine and assess critically the value
of historical evidences and sources
To appreciate the importance of history in
the social and national life of the
Philippines
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

3. Derived from the Greek
word “historia” which
means “knowledge
acquired through inquiry or
investigation” Also known
as the study of the past
DEFINITION HISTORY

4. Is the account of the past of
a person or a group of
people through written
documents and historical
evidences .
DEFINITION OF HISTORY

5. History also
focused on
writing about
wars, revolutions,
and other
important
breakthroughs
DEFINITION OF HISTORY

6. It means that
unless a written
document can
prove a certain
historical event,
then it cannot
be considered
as a historical
fact.
NO DOCUMENT, NO HISTORY

7. Government Records
Chronicle’s Accounts
Personal Letters
Family Tree
Biography
Receipts, etc.
SOME VALID HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS

8. Restricting
historical evidence
as exclusively
written is a
discrimination
against other
social classes who
were not recorded
in paper.
DISCRIMINATION IN THE VALIDITY OF
HISTORY

9. QUESTIONS
AND ISSUES
IN HISTORY

10. What is history?
Why study history?
And history for
whom?
QUESTIONS ON HISTORY
HISTORIOGRAPHY

11. Is the history of
history
It covers how
historians have
studied and
developed history
including its
sources, techniques,
and theoretical
approaches
HISTORIOGRAPHY

12. It should not be
confused with
History because
history is the
study of the
past, the events
that happened
in the past.
HISTORIOGRAPHY

13. It focuses on how
a certain
historical text
was written, who
wrote it, what
was the context
of its publication,
what historical
method was
employed, what
sources were
used
HISTORIOGRAPHY

14. Is the school of
thought that
emerged between
the 18th and 19th
century. This thought
requires empirical
and observable
evidence before one
can claim that a
particular
knowledge is true.
POSITIVISM

15. Historians were
required to
show written
primary
documents in
order to write a
particular
historical
narrative.
POSITIVISM

16.  Is the school of
thought that emerged
in the early 20th
century when formerly
colonized nations
grappled with the idea
of creating their
identities and
understanding their
societies against the
shadows of their
colonial past.
POST-COLONIALISM

17. Two Things in
Writing History:
1. Tell the history
of their nation
that will highlight
their identity free
from that colonial
discourse and
knowledge
POST-COLONIALISM

18. Two Things in
Writing History:
2. To criticize
the methods,
effects, and
idea of
colonialism
POST-COLONIALISM

19. HISTORY AND
THE HISTORIAN

20. Facts cannot speak
for themselves. It is
the historian’s job not
just to seek historical
evidences and facts
but also to interpret
them. It is their job to
give meaning to these
facts and organize
them into timeline,
establish causes, and
write history.
HISTORY AND THE
HISTORIAN
HISTORY AND THE HISTORIAN

21. It comprises
certain techniques
and rules that
historians follow in
order to properly
utilize sources and
historical
evidences in
writing history.
HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY

22. HISTORICAL SOURCES

23. Two Classification:
1. Primary Sources
2. Secondary Sources
HISTORICAL SOURCES

24. Are those sources
produced at the
same time as the
event, period, or
subject being
studied.
PRIMARY SOURCES

25. Ex: (Commonwealth
1935) -Minutes -
Newspaper clippings
-Records -
Photographs -
Eyewitness(es)
PRIMARY SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES

26. Are those
sources
produced by
an author who
used primary
sources to
produce the
material
SECONDARY SOURCES

27. Ex: (Phil. Revolution
1935) -Teodoro
Agoncillo’s Revolt of
the Masses 1956 )
SECONDARY SOURCES

28. When examining a
source, the historian
must conduct: (a).
External Criticism
(b). Internal
Criticism
HISTORICAL SOURCES

29.  the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by
examining the physical characteristics; consistency with the
historical characteristic of the time when it was produced, and
the materials used for the evidence
EXTERNAL CRITICISM

30.  Is the examination of the truthfulness and factuality of the
evidence. It looks at the content of the source and examines
the circumstance of its production. It could be done by
looking at the author, its context, agenda, the purpose behind
its creation
INTERNAL CRITICISM

31. Hoax Code of
Kalantiaw -
Ferdinand Marcos as
WWII Soldier
DECEPTION CASES IN PHILIPPINE
HISTORY

32. The code was a set
of rules contained in
an epic Maragtas
which was allegedly
written by Datu
Kalantiaw. The
document was sold
to National Library
and was regarded as
an important
precolonial
document
HOAX CODE OF KALANTIAW

33. In 1968, an
American historian
William Henry Scott
debunked the
authenticity of the
code due to lack of
evidence to prove
that the code existed
in precolonial
Philippine society.
HOAX CODE OF KALANTIAW

34. This was widely
believed by students
of history and
Marcos had war
medals to show. This
claim was disproven
when historian
counterchecked
Marcos’s claims with
the war records of
the United States.
FERDINAND MARCOS AS WORLD WAR II
SOLDIER

35.  National Historical
Commission
 The NHCP undertakes the
commemoration of
significant events and
personages in Philippine
history and safeguard the
blazoning of the national
government and its political
divisions and
instrumentalities. Its five
divisions are Finance and
Administrative; Historic
Preservation; Historic Sites
and Education; Research,
Publications and Heraldry;
and Materials Research
Conservation.
HISTORICAL AGENCIES

36. National ARCHIVES
1st & 6th Floor, PPL
Building, 1000, U.N.
Avenue, corner,
1007 San Marcelino
St, Manila, 1007
Metro Manila
HISTORICAL AGENCIES

38. National Library
HISTORICAL AGENCIES

40. THANK YOU SO MUCH

41. Asuncion N,Cruz
Geoffrey ( 2019) Reading
in Philippine History ,C&
E Publishing Inc.Manila
PRIMARY SOURCES

42. Alporha V, Candelaria J L (
2018) Reading in Philippine
History,Rexbookstore
,Manila
SECONDARY SOURCES