The document summarizes the history of discovering fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in 5 phases from 1973 to the early 2000s. It describes how Dr. Smith and Dr. Jones first discovered the pattern of malformations in children born to alcoholic mothers in 1973. It then discusses the crusade in the late 1970s and 1980s to warn about the risks of drinking during pregnancy. The third phase discusses debates around legal and social responsibility. Phase four discusses debates around prosecuting pregnant women. Phase five suggests developing a comprehensive response that addresses substance use in pregnancy.

1. Message in a Bottle: The Making of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Janet Golden, Ph.D. Rutgers University

2. National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome poster, c. 1992

3. Phase I: 1973-1977 Discovering the Offspring of Alcoholic Women

5. Cigarette Warning

6. American Lung Association Poster, c. 1988

7. Phase 2: 1977-1986 The Crusade to Warn

10. FAS Costs

11. Warning from the NIAAA

12. NIAAA Pamphlet

13. Rate of FAS

14. Phase 3: 1986-1990 The Discourse of Law and Responsibility

15. Warning Label

16. Michael Thorp

17. The Broken Cord

18. National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome poster, 1991

19. Arizona Department of Behavioral Health Services poster, c. 1992

20. Crack Mothers

22. Phase 4: the 1990’s From Victim to Victimizer— the Death Row Debates

23. Robert Alton Harris

25. Alaska Department of Health and Social Services poster, c. 2001

26. Phase 5 An Imagined Response

27. Substance Use in Pregnancy