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Root growth patterns in different pine species
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
P. sylvestris, P. nigra, P. pinaster, P. pinea and P. halepensis coexist in the Iberian Peninsula. These native species show an important
spatial segregation that correlates with geomorphological and climatic conditions (Alià et al. 1996; Prada et al. 1997; Barbero et al. 1998).
The first two ones live in cold and mesic climates, in the highest parts of the highest mountain ranges of the Iberian Peninsula, while the
others grow in coastal drier Mediterranean environments.
The objective of the present work is to evaluate root growth and respiration patterns in front of seasonal temperature variations and water
availability conditions, in order to clarify if and at which scale these will be determinants of future population and species spatial dynamics in
a changing climate scenario.
The present work is focused on root growth dynamics and root systems respiration.
Pines were planted in 2012 in Torre Marimon (Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona) facilities in sandy individual rhizotrons (0.36 m3) under tunnel
conditions in order to avoid rainfall (Figure 1).
Root length and vertical distribution were evaluated fortnightly by digital imaging adjusted with Gimp (GNU license) and measured with
Winrhizo software (Regent Instrument Canada Inc). Root system respiration was measured with a portable LCi-SD Soil Respiration Analysis
System (ADC BioScientific Ltd).
METHODS
Figure 2. Monthly mean, maximun and minimum
temperature and reference evapotranspiration ±S.E.
Table 1. Total amount of water applied per plant, for
each year and irrigation treatment.
Figure 1. Rizotron
Year Dose 1 Dose 2
2012 128 98
2013 333 146
2014 111 58
TOTAL 572 302
Cumulate Irrigation (l·plant-1
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
May
Aug
Nov
Feb
May
Aug
Nov
Feb
May
2012 2013 2014
ETo(mm)
Temperature(ºC)
Zuccarini, P. , Grau, B., De Herralde, F., and Savé, R.
Enviromental Horticulture Program. IRTA. (robert.save@irta.cat)
RESULTS
Figure 3. Evolution of total root length for each species, treatment and soil depth, at the middle and at the end of every season.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jun
Jul
Aug
Set
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
2013 2014
µmol·m-2·s-1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jun
Jul
Aug
Set
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
2013 2014
µmol·m-2·s-1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jun
Jul
Aug
Set
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
2013 2014
µmol·m-2·s-1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jun
Jul
Aug
Set
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
2013 2014
µmol·m-2·s-1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jun
Jul
Aug
Set
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
2013 2014
µmol·m-2·s-1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jun
Jul
Aug
Set
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
2013 2014
µmol·m-2·s-1
Pinus nigra
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jun
Jul
Aug
Set
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
2013 2014
µmol·m-2·s-1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jun
Jul
Aug
Set
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
2013 2014
µmol·m-2·s-1
Pinus halepensisPinus pinaster Pinus pinea
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jun
Jul
Aug
Set
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
2013 2014
µmol·m-2·s-1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jun
Jul
Aug
Set
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
2013 2014
µmol·m-2·s-1
Pinus sylvestris
DOSE 2
DOSE 1
Figure 4. Evolution of soil respiration for each species and irrigation treatment. Means ±S.E are displayed.
Coastal pines show higher root length growth and deeper soil distribution than mountain pines (Figure 3).
A similar pattern can be detected for root respiration, which is clearly affected by water availability (Figure 4).
Growth and respiration values suggest this classification: P.halepensis > P.pinaster ≥ P. pinea >> P.nigra ≥ P.sylvestris
Root growth patterns, together with their hydraulic characteristics (Zuccarini et al 2014), can help to predict the potential distribution of these
species in Spain under future climatic change conditions.
0
30
60
90
120
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Depth(cm)
Length (cm)
0
30
60
90
120
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Depth(cm)
Length (cm)
0
30
60
90
120
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Depth(cm)
Length (cm)
0
30
60
90
120
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Depth(cm)
Length (cm)
0
30
60
90
120
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Depth(cm)
Length (cm)
0
30
60
90
120
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Depth(cm)
Length (cm)DOSE 2
0
30
60
90
120
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Depth(cm)
Length (cm)
0
30
60
90
120
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Depth(cm)
Length (cm)
0
30
60
90
120
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Depth(cm)
Length (cm)
0
30
60
90
120
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Depth(cm)
Length (cm)
Pinus sylvestris Pinus nigra Pinus pinaster Pinus pinea Pinus halepensis
Alía R, Moro J, Denis JB. 1997. Performance of Pinus pinaster Ait. provenances in Spain: interpretation of the genotype-environment interaction. Can J Forest Res 27: 1548-1559.
Barbero M, Loiesel R, Quézel P, Richardson M, Romane F. 1998. The role of desiccation tolerance in determining tree species distributions along the Malay-Thai Peninsula. Funct Ecol 22:221-231.
Prada M, Gordo J, De Miguel J, Mutke S, Catálan G, Iglesias S et al. 1997. Las regiones de procedencia de Pinus pinea L. en España. Madrid: Ministero de Medio Ambiente; Organismo Autónomo Parques
Nacionales.
Zuccarini, P., Farieri, E., Vásquez, R., Grau, B. & Savé, R..2014. Effects of soil water temperature on root hydraulic resistance of six species of Iberian pines. Plant Biosystems - ID TPLB-2013-0440
REFERENCES

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Poster Root growth patterns in different pine species - Medpine 5 - Solsona, 22-26.09.2014 [Compatibility Mode]

  • 1. Root growth patterns in different pine species INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE P. sylvestris, P. nigra, P. pinaster, P. pinea and P. halepensis coexist in the Iberian Peninsula. These native species show an important spatial segregation that correlates with geomorphological and climatic conditions (Alià et al. 1996; Prada et al. 1997; Barbero et al. 1998). The first two ones live in cold and mesic climates, in the highest parts of the highest mountain ranges of the Iberian Peninsula, while the others grow in coastal drier Mediterranean environments. The objective of the present work is to evaluate root growth and respiration patterns in front of seasonal temperature variations and water availability conditions, in order to clarify if and at which scale these will be determinants of future population and species spatial dynamics in a changing climate scenario. The present work is focused on root growth dynamics and root systems respiration. Pines were planted in 2012 in Torre Marimon (Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona) facilities in sandy individual rhizotrons (0.36 m3) under tunnel conditions in order to avoid rainfall (Figure 1). Root length and vertical distribution were evaluated fortnightly by digital imaging adjusted with Gimp (GNU license) and measured with Winrhizo software (Regent Instrument Canada Inc). Root system respiration was measured with a portable LCi-SD Soil Respiration Analysis System (ADC BioScientific Ltd). METHODS Figure 2. Monthly mean, maximun and minimum temperature and reference evapotranspiration ±S.E. Table 1. Total amount of water applied per plant, for each year and irrigation treatment. Figure 1. Rizotron Year Dose 1 Dose 2 2012 128 98 2013 333 146 2014 111 58 TOTAL 572 302 Cumulate Irrigation (l·plant-1 ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 May Aug Nov Feb May Aug Nov Feb May 2012 2013 2014 ETo(mm) Temperature(ºC) Zuccarini, P. , Grau, B., De Herralde, F., and Savé, R. Enviromental Horticulture Program. IRTA. (robert.save@irta.cat) RESULTS Figure 3. Evolution of total root length for each species, treatment and soil depth, at the middle and at the end of every season. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Jun Jul Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 2013 2014 µmol·m-2·s-1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Jun Jul Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 2013 2014 µmol·m-2·s-1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Jun Jul Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 2013 2014 µmol·m-2·s-1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Jun Jul Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 2013 2014 µmol·m-2·s-1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Jun Jul Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 2013 2014 µmol·m-2·s-1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Jun Jul Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 2013 2014 µmol·m-2·s-1 Pinus nigra 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Jun Jul Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 2013 2014 µmol·m-2·s-1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Jun Jul Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 2013 2014 µmol·m-2·s-1 Pinus halepensisPinus pinaster Pinus pinea 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Jun Jul Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 2013 2014 µmol·m-2·s-1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Jun Jul Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 2013 2014 µmol·m-2·s-1 Pinus sylvestris DOSE 2 DOSE 1 Figure 4. Evolution of soil respiration for each species and irrigation treatment. Means ±S.E are displayed. Coastal pines show higher root length growth and deeper soil distribution than mountain pines (Figure 3). A similar pattern can be detected for root respiration, which is clearly affected by water availability (Figure 4). Growth and respiration values suggest this classification: P.halepensis > P.pinaster ≥ P. pinea >> P.nigra ≥ P.sylvestris Root growth patterns, together with their hydraulic characteristics (Zuccarini et al 2014), can help to predict the potential distribution of these species in Spain under future climatic change conditions. 0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth(cm) Length (cm) 0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth(cm) Length (cm) 0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth(cm) Length (cm) 0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth(cm) Length (cm) 0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth(cm) Length (cm) 0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth(cm) Length (cm)DOSE 2 0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth(cm) Length (cm) 0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth(cm) Length (cm) 0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth(cm) Length (cm) 0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth(cm) Length (cm) Pinus sylvestris Pinus nigra Pinus pinaster Pinus pinea Pinus halepensis Alía R, Moro J, Denis JB. 1997. Performance of Pinus pinaster Ait. provenances in Spain: interpretation of the genotype-environment interaction. Can J Forest Res 27: 1548-1559. Barbero M, Loiesel R, Quézel P, Richardson M, Romane F. 1998. The role of desiccation tolerance in determining tree species distributions along the Malay-Thai Peninsula. Funct Ecol 22:221-231. Prada M, Gordo J, De Miguel J, Mutke S, Catálan G, Iglesias S et al. 1997. Las regiones de procedencia de Pinus pinea L. en España. Madrid: Ministero de Medio Ambiente; Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales. Zuccarini, P., Farieri, E., Vásquez, R., Grau, B. & Savé, R..2014. Effects of soil water temperature on root hydraulic resistance of six species of Iberian pines. Plant Biosystems - ID TPLB-2013-0440 REFERENCES