Representation of projects

1. PROGRAM EVALUATION AND
REVIEW TECHNIQUE
PERT

2. DEFINITION
OProgram evaluation and review
technique is a statistical tool used in
project management.
OA PERT chart is used to schedule,
organize, and coordinate tasks within a
project.
OIt is basically a method to analyze the
tasks involved in completing a given
project, especially the time needed to
complete each task.

3. Oa very traditional project planning
technique.
OPERT shows the list of activities
within a project, their duration and
the relationship between them.
OPERT is a complex process however
it can help to deliver a well defined
project plan.

4. planning involves the following
steps:
OIdentify the specific activities and
milestones.
ODetermine the proper sequence of the
activities.
OConstruct a network diagram.
OEstimate the time required for each
activity.
ODetermine the critical path.
OUpdate the PERT chart as the project
progresses.

5. FEATURES
O A distinguishing feature of PERT is its ability to
deal with uncertainty in activity completion times.
O Determine the critical path - determines the total
time require.
O As the project unfolds, the estimated times can be
replaced with actual times.
O The PERT chart may be modified & improved to
reflect the new situation.

6. PURPOSES
O Prediction of
deliverables
O Planning resource
requirement
O Controlling resource
allocation
O Internal programme
review
O Performance evaluation
O Uniform wide
acceptance
O Reduction in cost
O Saving time
O Determination of
activities
O Elimination of risk in
complex activities
O Flexibility
O Evaluation of
alternatives
O useful effective control
O Useful decision making
O Useful research work

7. COMPONENTS OF PERT
O Every activity consume time and needs
adequate resources such as manpower,
material, space and machinery to change or
move one event to other.
O Predecessor event – It is an event that
precedes some other event, it can be single or
multiple.
O Successor events – It is an event that
immediately follows some other events, it can
have single multiple successor events.

8. For each activity , the model usually includes
three time estimates,
O Optimistic Time (O) – It is the minimum
possible time required to complete the task
anticipating that every event has occurred better
than usually expected.
O Pessimistic Time (P) - This means the
maximum possible time required to complete
the given task, expecting or assuming
everything goes wrong except the main
catastrophes.
O Most likely Time (M) – The actual and the best
time required to complete the task assuming
everything goes in a usual way.

9. PERT Chart
OA PERT chart is a graphical
representation of the activities of a
project, showing the sequence that has
to be performed continuously.
OIt has the critical path of tasks that has
to be finished in time.
OThis chart helps to focus only the
needed activity and omit the unwanted
ones , therefore it saves time, energy
and material.

12. PURPOSE
OTo schedule the project.
OTo organize the project.
OTo coordinate the tasks.
OTo manage the time.
OTo analyze the work.

13. DETERMINE THE CRITICAL PATH
O It is determined by adding the times for the activities in
each sequence.
O The critical path determines the total calendar time
required for the project.
O The amount of time that a non – critical path activity
can be delayed without the project is referred to as a
slack time.
O Critical Path is helpful to determine
O ES – Earliest Start time
O EF - Earliest Finish time
O LS – Latest Start time
O LF - Latest Finish time

14. PERT IN NURSING
O This model helps in judging the time required in
completing an activity.
O Nurse administrators can use this model to
delegate and assign the work schedule to the
nurses in a hospital.
O It not only evidences the cost effectiveness of
nursing care but also has great impact on
reducing the expenditure by the patient.
O This model helps to reduce the patient’s hospital
stay by judging before hand the actual care time,
manpower, money and the material required.

15. O Nurse managers use the PERT system for
controlling .
O It forces planning and shows how pieces fit together.
O It does this for all nursing line managers.
O It establishes a system for periodic evaluation and
control at critical points in the program.
O PERT is generally used for complicated and
extensive projects or programs.
O Many records are used to control expenses and
otherwise conserve the budget.
O The PERT technique has significantly helped to
organize the project and maintain progress toward
its conclusion.
O It is suggested that this technique can be used
successfully in complex Nursing research work.

16. DISADVANTAGES OF PERT
O It is difficult to estimate accurate time & cost of
various activities involved in a project.
O Errors in estimation makes the PERT charts
unreliable as a control aid.
O These systems will not help managers to solve all
their problem.
O It identifies the most critical elements in the plan, thus
focusing management attention i.e. most constraining
on the schedule.
O It illustrate the effects technical procedural changes
on overall schedules.