2. WHAT IS SMART GRID AND
WHY SHOULD WE CARE?
SMART GRID = IT+ ELECTRIC GRID
THESE SYSTEMS ARE MADE POSSIBLE BY TWO- WAY DIGITAL
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPUTER
PROCESSING THAT HAS BEEN USED FOR DECADES IN OTHER
INDUSTRIES.
4. SMART GRID
Clean and Flexible Generation-Share of Renewable Energy Sources to increase
Flexible Transmission – HVAC & HVDC
Energy Storage Systems
System Wide Secure Communication Network
Automation –SCADA/Energy Management System, Wide Area Management System and
Control (WAMSC), Advance Distribution Management Solution(ADMS)
Home/Building/Industrial Automation
Active Distribution Network
Sensors-Smart Meters, PMUs
Smart Analytics-Wide area monitoring and control, DSM
Market and Regulatory Framework
5. SMART GRID MANAGEMENT USING WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORK WITH IOT
• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with smart grid will be a boon for intelligent
devices.
• It enables customers to minimize energy bill by automated shifting on flexible loads.
• To discover the Internet of Things (IoT) module and AI technology is used to deliver
complete systems for a service.
• Sensors & Sensor technology sends information ranging from Location, weather/
Environment conditions, Grid parameters.
• IoT Gateways help to bridge sensor nodes with the external Internet.
• Data transmitted through gateway is stored & processed securely within the cloud
infrastructure using Big Data analytics
6. • End-user mobile apps will help end users to control & monitor their devices from
remote locations.
• IPv6 addresses are the backbone to the entire IoT ecosystem.
7. WHY SMART GRIDS?
• The basic structure of the electric power
grid has remained unchanged for many
years.
• Existing power generation infrastructure is
not able to keep pace with growing power
demand.
• The methods of power delivery to
consumers are outdated and inefficient.
• Global power industry is facing challenges.
• Current trends in energy supply and use are
unsustainable-economically,
environmentally and socially.
• The electric grid in its current state is falling
behind technological advancements and
energy demands.
• IEA Predict the overall energy use to double
by 2030.
• Most of the expansion will be powered by
growth in fossil fuels.
• We need to reduce emissions of CO2 and
other greenhouse gases by at least 60% by
2050, if we are to meet our emissions
reduction target.
8. SMART GRID V/S CONVENTIONAL POWER GRID:
SMART GRID
• Unbundled and Distributed Structure
• Data driven, predictive asset management
• Better market and services for customers
• Informed and participative customers
• Plug and play features
• Power Quality is a priority
• Self Healing, automatic & predictive fault address
• Integrated two way communication
• Intelligent to integrate and process critical info.
CONVENTIONAL POWER GRID
• Hierarchical and Vertical Structure
• Poor, little data integration
• Limited, poor customer focus
• Non-Participative And uninformed
• Central Generator dominance, no Storage framework
• Poor quality, focus on outage
• No Self Healing Vertical Structure
• Mostly one way communication
• Limited intelligence
9. WHAT DOES SMART GRID
IMPROVISE?
• Generation
• Transmission
• Distribution
• Customer participation
• Operations
• Markets
• Service Providers
10. SMART PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
• Internet of Things:- IoT is the chain of daily objects like electronics, software,
sensors, and connectivity which exchange data
• Microcontroller:- microcontroller process high-performance with Microchip pico
Power, Arduino, zig-bee, 8-bit AVR RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computing)
• Wireless transceiver:- Nordic nRF24L01+ is highly integrated with ultra low power
(ULP) 2Mbps RF transceiver and IC for the 2.4GHz band.
• Current sensor:-Current sensor is used for measuring AC and/or DC current levels.
• Voltage Sensor:- voltage sensors all produce outputs as Amplitude Modulation,
Pulse Width Modulation or even Frequency Modulation.
12. Illumination
W/m2
Solar Panel 1
(in Volts)
Solar Panel 2
(in Volts)
Total Voltage
(in Volts)
100 3.4 3.6 3.4
200 4.7 4.4 4.5
300 5.8 5.5 5.6
600 8.2 7.8 8.1
700 9.2 8.9 9.1
800 10.6 10.3 10.2
900 11.8 11.5 11.3
1000 12.8 12.5 12.4
TREND IN ILLUMINATION AND VOLTAGE
13. SHORT-TERM POWER FORECASTING MODEL
FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS
• New model for short-term forecasting of electric energy production in a
photovoltaic (PV) plant. The model is called “HIstorical SImilar Mining” (HISIMI)
model.
• The economic reasons have driven the development of short-term power
forecasting models for wind farms or for relatively large grid-connected PV
plants.
• In the last decade, tens of short-term wind power forecasting models have been
described
14. WHAT IS EOOM?
All these innovations, which are gradually taking place, are needed to enable the
transition to a future CO2-neutral power system.
Equation-Based Object-Oriented Modelling(EOOM) methodologies and of the
Modelica language in this field. Modelica is an object-oriented, declarative, multi-
domain modeling language for component-oriented modeling of complex systems,.
Vanfrettietal and Zhangetal have already demonstrated that EOOM and Modelica
can be successfully employed for the modelling and simulation of power grids, also
validating their results against well-established domain-specific simulation tools.
15. FEATURES OF SMARTGRID MODELLING
FRAMEWORK
• Declarative modelling:- describe how a system behaves.
• Model/Solver separation:- first creates the model in a language that allows to
write equations, and then feeds this model to appropriate numerical solver.
• Multi-domain modelling:- use differential-algebraic equations for the basic
description of physical behavior.
• Multi-paradigm modelling:- they combine physical hardware of diverse nature.
• High-level modelling:- use abstract and high level modelling languages, leaving
the details of the coding in to actual simulation Code to software tools.
16. • Modularity and encapsulation:- model should be developed so as to be valid
whatever is later connected to its physical interface, as long as this makes physical
sense.
• Flexible level of detail:- devise symbolic and numeric manipulation procedures to
bring the model in a form which are well-suited.
• Large-scale Smart Grid modelling:- can feature possibly tens of thousands of
components.
• Use of open standards and tools:- using different tools that excel at a particular
analysis or simulation task starting from a common, tool-independent code base.
21. WHAT ARE MICRO GRIDS?
• A micro grid is a discrete energy system consisting of distributed energy sources
(including demand management, storage, and generation) and loads capable of
operating in parallel with, or independently from, the main power grid.
• The primary purpose is to ensure local, reliable, and affordable energy security for
urban and rural communities, while also providing solutions for commercial, industrial,
and federal government consumers.
• Micro grids perform dynamic control over energy sources, enabling autonomous and
automatic self-healing operations.
• a micro grid can operate independently of the larger grid and isolate it’s generation
nodes and power loads from disturbance without affecting the larger grid's integrity.
22. BENEFITS OF MICRO GRIDS
• Provides power quality, reliability, and security for end users and operators of the grid
• Enhances the integration of distributed and renewable energy sources
• Cost competitive and efficient
•
Enables smart grid technology integration
•
Locally controlled power quality
• Minimize carbon footprint and green house gas emissions by maximizing clean local
energy generation
•
Increased customer (end-use) participation
23. MICRO GRID FOR INTEGRATION OF SEVERAL SOURCES AND
STORAGE
(A) AC MICRO-GRID (B) DC MICRO-GRID
24. THE SMART GRID IS MORE:
• Reliable
• Secure
• Economic
• Efficient
• Environmentally friendly
• Safe
25. CONTINUED…
• Enable active participation by consumers
• Accommodate all generation and storage options
• Enable new products, services, and markets
• Provide power quality for the digital economy
• Optimize asset utilization and operate efficiently
• Anticipate & respond to system disturbances (selfheal)
• Operate resiliently against attack and natural disaster
26. CONCLUSION
The Smart Grid will come from the application of intelligent energy technology to optimize the use of
generation resources and the delivery of power.
There are several key challenges that should be addressed before smart grid implementation like:
• Voltage stabilization
• Power management
• PQ management
• Failure Protection
• Grid integration
• Stability issues
• Islanded operation