1. HARBOUR:
› SHELTERED AREA
› FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING OF CARGO
› VESSELS ARE ALSO BUILT, REPAIR, AND
LAUNCH

2. CLASSIFICATION:
1. NATURAL HARBOUR
2. SEMI NATURAL HARBOUR
3. ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR

3. NATURAL HARBOURS:
A harbor, is a place
where ships, boats, and barges can seek
shelter from stormy weather.

5. SEMI NATURAL HARBOUR:
Same as natural but harbour
needs some artificial and man made
construction

6. ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR:
Harbour having no natural
protection but artificial arrangement are
made to protect the harbour from storm
and wind.

8. REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD
HARBOR:
› The depth of a harbor should be sufficient for
every type of visiting ships.
› The bottom of harbor should provide secured
anchorage to hold the ships against high winds.
› To prevent destructive wave action, break water
are provided.
› The entrance of a harbor should be wide
enough to provide the easy passage of ships.

10. DEFECTS IN HARBOR:
› Depth of water is found insufficient for
different ships.
› The size of harbor is found insufficient to
accommodate the increased traffic.
› Obstruction
› These defects can easily be avoided at the
time of planning and designing.

11. SIZE OF A HARBOUR
Size depends upon:
# of ships
 length:275m-300m
 width:30m

12. HARBOUR PLANNING
 It should be carried out after collecting
necessary information of the existing
features at the proposed site.
 Following important facts should be
studied.

13.  A thorough survey of the neighborhood
including the foreshore & depths of
water is necessary
 Nature of a harbor wether sheltered or
not, be studied
 The existance of sea insects & various
animals residing at site.

14.  Natural phenomena’s concerning
planning of a harbour are:
 Storms
 Rainfall
 Range of tides
 Maximum & minimum temperatures
 Direction & intensity of wind etc

15. SITE SELECTION:
 Following factors play a
great role in the choice of site of a
harbour.
 1.Availability of cheap land &
contruction material.
 2.Natural protection from waves & winds
 3.transport & communication facilities
 4.industrial development of the locality

16.  5.Sea bed,sub soil & foundation
conditions
 6.Avaibility of electrical energy
 7.Defence & strategic aspects
 8.trafic potentiality of harbour

17. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION:
1. HARBOR OF REFUGE
2. COMMERCIAL HARBOR
3. FISHRY HARBOR
4. MILLITARY HARBOR OR NAVEL BASE

18. HARBOR OF REFUGE:
The harbor used for ships in
storms or emergency condition.
good anchorage and safe and easy
access from the sea.
e.g: DOVER IN ENGLAND

20. COMMERCIAL HARBOR:
Facilities for loading and
unloading of cargo are provided.
The may be:
1. Part of bigger complex harbor
2. Independent unit or single
commodity harbor.
3. Terminal as oil terminal, coal
port.

25. FISHRY HARBOR:
Provided for fishing crafts and
trawlers.

26. MILLITARY HARBOR:
This harbor is meant for
accommodating naval crafts and serves
as a supply deport.
The layout of this type of harbor is
greatly influenced by its location.

29. FEATURES OF A HARBOR:
1. Entrance Channels
2. Berthing Basin
3. Break Water
4. Turning Basin
5. Pier Head
6. Wharves
7. Jetties

30. ENTRANCE CHANNEL:
› Depth and width are kept more at entrance
› Width depends upon density of traffic and
no: of entrances

32. BERTHING AND TURNING
BASINS:
› Berthing basins are used for the parking of
ships
› While turning for the turning of ships

33. BREAK WATER:
› The structure constructed to protect harbor
from storm waves
› They are generally stone masonry

35.  PIER HEAD:
› The structure provided at the tip of break
water
› Such as light house

36.  WHARVES:
› The structure constructed parallel to the
shore or break water, having wide plate form
at the top
› Function is to permit berthing of vessel along
side for cargo working

37.  JETTIES:
› Same as wharves
› Used for loading and unloading of cargo
› Made usually from shore towards sea water
to prevent silting and dredging to allow free
flow of tidal currents

39. DOCK:
› A dock is dug out and usually has gates so
that the water level is kept up even though
the tide has gone out.
› A dock is for mooring ships for cargo or
passenger exchange, or sometimes repair.

40. HARBOR:
› A harbour may be natural or partly dug out,
or even made with floating materials. It
doesn't have gates, but may have a narrow
entrance.
› Provides safe anchoring or mooring for ships

41. PORTS:
› A port is a location on a coast or shore
containing one or more harbors where ships
can dock and transfer people or cargo to or
from land.

42. THANK YOU