1. Tongue Thrusting Habit

12. 3. Classification III 1. Physiologic Tongue Thrust : During infantile swallow the tongue is placed between the gum pads. After six months of life, several maturational events occur that alter the functioning of the orofacial musculature. With the arrival of incisors the tongue assumes a retracted posture. If the transition of infantile to mature swallow does not take place with the eruption of teeth, then it leads to tongue thrust swallow.

13. 2. Habitual Tongue Thrust : It is present as a habit after the correction of the malocclusion. 3. Functional Tongue Thrust : It develops to achieve an oral seal. 4. Anatomic Tongue Thrust : It occurs due to macroglossia.

28. b) Use of appliances to correct position of tongue : 1. Pre-orthodontic trainer for myofunctional training . Nance palatal arch appliance

29. II. Speech therapy * Not indicated before the age of 8 years III. Mechanotherapy * Fixed & removable appliances: can be fabricated to restrain the anterior tongue movements during swallowing * force the tongue downward & backward during swallowing * re-educates tongue position