We have analysed and designed R.C.C building using STAAD Pro consisting of 3 appartments on each floor.

1. Analysis and Design of R.C.C Building (G+2)
A Mini Project Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree
of
B.Tech (Civil Engineering)
by
D.HANURAG REDDY (14BCL0118)
SOUPTIK RAKSHIT(14BCL0151)
PARAS TANEJA (14BCL0155)
VIT UNIVERSITY
VELLORE – 632 014, TAMILNADU
VIT University
November 2016
i

2. DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE
We hereby declare that the project report entitled “ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF R.C.C
BUILDING (G+2)” submitted by us to Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING is a record of bonafide project work carried out
by us under the guidance of Dr. P. Rama Mohan Rao. We further declare that the work
reported in this project has not been submitted and will not be submitted, either in part or in full,
for the award of any other degree or diploma in this institute or any other institute or university.
Place: Vellore
Date:
ii

3. SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “(Analysis and Design of R.C.C Building (G+2)” is
submitted by D.HANURAG REDDY (14BCL0118), SOUPTIK RAKSHIT(14BCL0151),
PARAS TANEJA (14BCL0155) to the School of Civil and Chemical Engineering , VIT
University, Vellore, for the award of the degree in B.Tech is a bonafide record of work carried
out by them under our supervision. The contents of this report, in full or in parts have not been
submitted to any other Institute or University for the award of any degree or diploma.
Guide Programme Manager
Internal Examiner External Examiner
iii
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our profound sense of deepestgratitude to our guide and
motivator Dr. P. Rama Mohan Rao,Associate professor, Civil Engineering
Department, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore for his valuable guidance,
sympathy and co-operation for providing necessary facilities and sources during
the entire period of this project.
We wish to convey our sincere gratitude to all the faculties of Civil Engineering
Department who have enlightened us during our studies. The facilities and co-
operation received from the faculties of Civil Engineering Department is
thankfully acknowledged.
We express our thanks to all those who helped us in one way or other.
Last, but not least, we would like to thank the authors of various research articles
and books that were referred to.
iv

5. ABSTRACT
The principle objective of this project is to analyze and design a multi-storied building [G + 2 (3
dimensional frame)] using STAAD Pro. The design involves load calculations manually and
analyzing the whole structure by STAAD Pro. The design methods used in STAAD-Pro analysis
are Limit State Design conforming to Indian Standard Code of Practice. STAAD.Pro features a
state-of-the-art user interface, visualization tools, powerful analysis and design engines with
advanced finite element and dynamic analysis capabilities. From model generation, analysis and
design to visualization and result verification, STAAD.Pro is the professional’s choice. Initially
we started with the analysis of simple 2 dimensional frames and manually checked the accuracy
of the software with our results. The results proved to be very accurate. We analyzed and
designed a G + 1 storey building [2-D Frame] initially for all possible load combinations [dead
and live].
STAAD.Pro has a very interactive user interface which allows the users to draw the frame and
input the load values and dimensions. Then according to the specified criteria assigned it
analyses the structure and designs the members with reinforcement details for RCC frames. Our
final work was the proper analysis and design of a G + 2 3-D RCC frame under various load
combinations.
We considered a 3-D RCC frame consisting of 3 bays. The y-axis consisted of G + 2 floors. The
total numbers of beams in each floor were 137 and the numbers of columns were 140. The
ground floor height was 3.5m and rest of the 3 floors had a height of 3.5m.The structure was
subjected to self weight, dead load, live load under the load case details of STAAD.Pro. The
materials were specified and cross-sections of the beam and column members were assigned.
The supports at the base of the structure were also specified as fixed. The codes of practice to be
followed were also specified for design purpose with other important details. Then STAAD.Pro
was used to analyze the structure and design the members. In the post-processing mode, after
completion of the design, we can work on the structure and study the bending moment and shear
force values with the
v

6. generated diagrams. We have also check the deflection of various members under the given
loading combinations. The design of the building is dependent upon the minimum requirements
as prescribed in the Indian Standard Codes. The minimum requirements pertaining to the
structural safety of buildings are being covered by way of laying down minimum design loads
which have to be assumed for dead loads, imposed loads, and other external loads, the structure
would be required to bear. Strict conformity to loading standards recommended in this code, it is
hoped, will ensure the structural safety of the buildings which are being designed. Structure and
structural elements were normally designed by Limit State Method.
Complicated and high-rise structures need very time taking and cumbersome calculations using
conventional manual methods. STAAD.Pro provides us a fast, efficient, easy to use and accurate
platform for analysing and designing structures.
vi

7. CONTENTS
Chapter No: Title Page No:
ABSTRACT v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF SYMBOLS , ABBREVATION AND
NOMENCLATURE
ix
1 INTRODUCTION 11
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 13
3 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 15
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 23
5 CONCLUSION 38
REFERENCES 40
vi

8. LIST OF TABLES
Table
No.
Title Page No.
3.1 DESIGN PARAMETERES OF BEAM 20
3.2 DESIGN PARAMETERES OF COLUMN 21
3.3 DESIGN PARAMETERES OF SLAB 22
3.4 DESIGN PARAMETERES FOR CONCRETE AND
REBAR PROPERTIES
22
3.5 SOIL PROPERTIES FOR FOOTING 22
4.1 APPLIED LOADS-SERVICE STRESS LEVEL FOR
FOOTING
36
4.2 APPLIED LOADS-STRENGTH LEVEL FOR
FOOTING
36
4.3 FINAL SIZE OF FOOTING 36
vii

9. LIST OF FIGURES
viii
Table No. Title Page No.
3.1 PLAN 18
3.2 ASSIGNMENT OF LOADS 20
4.1 SHEAR FORCEDIAGRAM 23
4.2 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM 24
4.3 DEFLECTION DIAGRAM 25
4.4 GEOMETRY OF A BEAM 26
4.5 DESIGN DETAILS OF A BEAM 27
4.6 CONCRETEDESIGN OF A BEAM 28
4.7 DESIGN DETAILS OF A COLUMN 29
4.8 CONCRETEDESIGN OF A COLUMN 30
4.9 DESIGN DETAILS OF A SLAB 31
4.10 DESIGN DETAILS OF A SLAB 32
4.11 DESIGN DETAILS OF A SLAB 33
4.12 DESIGN OF AN ISOLATED FOOTING 34
4.13 PLAN OF AN ISOLATED FOOTING 35
4.14 DETAILING OF FOOTING 36
4.15 VOLUME OF MATERIAL USED 37

10. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
FM Fixed moments
FC Characteristic Compressive strength of concrete
Fy main Yield strength of main reinforcement
Fy sec Yield strength of secondary reinforcement
Max main Maximum diameter of main reinforcement
Max sec Maximum diameter of secondary reinforcement
Min main Minimum diameter of main reinforcement
Min sec Minimum diameter of secondary reinforcement
Ratio Permissible ration of actual load to section capacity
S.F.D Shear force diagram
B.M.D Bending moment diagram
D Depth
B Breadth
L Length
W Transverse Load
A Area
KN Kilo newton
m Meter
mm Millimeter
L.L Live load
D.L Dead load
Dia Diameter
xi

11. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Our project involves analysis and design of multi-storied [G + 2] using a very popular designing
software STAAD Pro. We have chosen STAAD Pro because of its following advantages:
 easy to use interface,
 conformation with the Indian Standard Codes,
 versatile nature of solving any type of problem,
 Accuracy of the solution.
STAAD.Pro features a state-of-the-art user interface, visualization tools, powerful analysis and
design engines with advanced finite element and dynamic analysis capabilities. From model
generation, analysis and design to visualization and result verification, STAAD.Pro is the
professional’s choice for steel, concrete, timber, aluminium and cold-formed steel design of low
and high-rise buildings, culverts, petrochemical plants, tunnels, bridges, piles and much more.
STAAD.Pro consists of the following:
The STAAD.Pro Graphical User Interface: It is used to generate the model, which can then be
analyzed using the STAAD engine. After analysis and design is completed, the GUI can also be
used to view the results graphically.
The STAAD analysis and design engine: It is a general-purpose calculation engine for structural
analysis and integrated Steel, Concrete, Timber and Aluminium design.
To start with we have solved some sample problems using STAAD Pro and checked the
accuracy of the results with manual calculations. The results were to satisfaction and were
accurate. In the initial phase of our project we have done calculations regarding loadings on
buildings and also considered seismic and wind loads.
Structural analysis comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required to study and
predicts the behavior of structures. Structural analysis can be viewed more abstractly as a method

12. to drive the engineering design process or prove the soundness of a design without a dependence
on directly testing it. To perform an accurate analysis a structural engineer must determine such
information as structural loads, geometry, support conditions, and materials properties. The
results of such an analysis typically include support reactions, stresses and displacements. This
information is then compared to criteria that indicate the conditions of failure. Advanced
structural analysis may examine dynamic response, stability and non-linear behavior.
The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being designed
will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of safety, they
should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have adequate
durability and adequate resistance to the effects of seismic and wind. Structure and structural
elements shall normally be designed by Limit State Method. Account should be taken of
accepted theories, experiment and experience and the need to design for durability. Design,
including design for durability, construction and use in service should be considered as a whole.
The realization of design objectives requires compliance with clearly defined standards for
materials, production, workmanship and also maintenance and use of structure in service.
The design of the building is dependent upon the minimum requirements as prescribed in the
Indian Standard Codes. The minimum requirements pertaining to the structural safety of
buildings are being covered by way of laying down minimum design loads which have to be
assumed for dead loads, imposed loads, and other external loads, the structure would be required
to bear. Strict conformity to loading standards recommended in this code, it is hoped, will not
only ensure the structural safety of the buildings which are being designed.

13. CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Method of analysis of statistically indeterminate portal frames:
1. Slope deflection method
• In this method, the joints are considered to be rigid i.e. the joints rotate as a
whole .The rotation of the joints are treated as unknowns .
• A series of simultaneous equations, each expressing the relation b/w
moments acting at the ends of the members, are written in terms of slope and
deflection.
• The solution of the slope deflection equation along with equilibrium
equations, gives the values of unknown rotations of the joints. Knowing
these rotations, the end moments are calculated using the slope deflection
equations.
Limitations:-
. A solution of simultaneous equations makes methods tedious for manual
computations. This method is not recommended for frames larger than two storeys
2. Moment distribution method:-
• Useful for analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid jointed frames.
• Less tedious compared to slope deflection and strain energy methods.
Limitations:-

14. 1. This method is eminently suited to analyze continuous beams including non-
prismatic members but it presents some difficulties when applied to rigid frames,
especially when frames are subjected to side sway.
2. Unsymmetrical frames have to be analyzed more than once to obtain FM (fixed
moments) in the structures.

15. CHAPTER 3
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT
This project is mostly based on software and it is essential to know the details about these
Software’s.
List of software’s used
1. Staad pro (v8i)
2. Staad foundations 5(v8i)
3. Auto cad
STAAD
Staad is powerful design software licensed by Bentley .Staad stands for structural analysis and
design
Any object which is stable under a given loading can be considered as structure. So first
find the outline of the structure, where as analysis is the estimation of what are the type of loads
that acts on the beam and calculation of shear force and bending moment comes under analysis
stage. Design phase is designing the type of materials and its dimensions to resist the load. This
we do after the analysis.
To calculate s.f.d and b.m.d of a complex loading beam it takes about an hour. So when it
comes into the building with several members it will take a week. Staad pro is a very powerful
tool which does this job in just an hour’s staad is a best alternative for high rise buildings.
Now a days most of the high rise buildings are designed by staad which makes a
compulsion for a civil engineer to know about this software.
These software can be used to carry rcc ,steel, bridge , truss etc according to various country
codes.
3.1 Alternatives for staad:
struts, robot, sap, adds pro which gives details very clearly regarding reinforcement and
manual calculations. But these software’s are restricted to some designs only where as staad can
deal with several types of structure.

16. 3.2 Staad Editor:
Staad has very great advantage to other software’s i.e., staad editor. staad editor is the
programming
For the structure we created and loads we taken all details are presented in programming format
in staad editor. This program can be used to analyze another structures also by just making some
modifications, but this require some programming skills. So load cases created for a structure can
be used for another structure using staad editor.
Limitations of Staad pro:
1.Huge output data
2.Even analysis of a small beam creates large output.
3.Unable to show plinth beams.
3.3 Staad foundation:
Staad foundation is a powerful tool used to calculate different types of foundations. It is
also licensed by Bentley software’s. All Bentley software’s cost about 10 lakhs and so all
engineers can’t use it due to heavy cost.
Analysis and design carried in Staad and post processing in staad gives the load at
various supports. These supports are to be imported into these software to calculate the footing
details i.e., regarding the geometry and reinforcement details.
This software can deal different types of foundations
SHALLOW (D<B)
� 1. Isolated (Spread) Footing
� 2.Combined (Strip) Footing
� 3.Mat (Raft) Foundation
DEEP (D>B)
� 1.Pile Cap
� 2. Driller Pier
1. Isolated footing is spread footing which is common type of footing.
2. Combined Footing or Strap footing is generally laid when two columns are very near to each
other.
3. Mat foundation is generally laid at places where soil has less soil bearing capacity.
4. pile foundation is laid at places with very loose soils and where deep excavations are required.

17. So depending on the soil at type we has to decide the type of foundation required.
Also lot of input data is required regarding safety factors, soil, materials used should be
given in respective units.
After input data is give software design the details for each and every footing and gives
the details regarding
1. Geometry of footing
2. Reinforcement
3. Column layout
4. Graphs
5. Manual calculations
These details will be given in detail for each and every column.
Another advantage of foundations is even after the design; properties of the members can be
updated if required.
The following properties can be updated
� Column Position
� Column Shape
� Column Size
� Load Cases
� Support List
It is very easy deal with this software and we don’t have any best alternative to this.
AutoCAD:
AutoCAD is powerful software licensed by auto desk. The word auto came from auto desk
company and cad stands for computer aided design. AutoCAD is used for drawing different
layouts, details, plans, elevations, sections and different sections can be shown in auto cad.
It is very useful software for civil, mechanical and also electrical engineer.
The importance of this software makes every engineer a compulsion to learn this software’s.
We used AutoCAD for drawing the plan, elevation of a residential building. We also used
AutoCAD to show the reinforcement details and design details of a stair case.
AutoCAD is very easy software to learn and much user friendly for anyone to handle and can
be learn quickly
Learning of certain commands is required to draw in AutoCAD.

18. Figure 3.1- PLAN

19. ASSUMPTIONS:-
BEAM DIMENSIONS : SPAN/10
COLUMS DIMENSION : SPAN/14
SLAB THICKNESS : 150mm
WALL THICKNESS : 300mm
FLOOR HEIGHT : 3.5m
LOAD ADDITION AND CALCULATION:-
D.L:
SELF WEIGHT
FLOOR FINISH - 2KN/m2
BRICK LOADING - 20X0.25X3.5=17.5KN/m
PARAPET LOADING - 20X0.25X1.2=6KN/m
L.L:
LIVE LOAD - 3. 5KN/ m2
LOAD COMBINATION: 1.5[D.L+L.L]
FOUNDATION-FOOTING GEOMETRY:-
Ft : 305.000mm
X(FI) :1000.000mm
Z(FW) :1000.000mm

20. Figure 3.2 ASSIGNMENT OF LOADS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:-
TABLE 3.1 : DESIGN PARAMETERS OF BEAM
S. NO. DETAILS VALUES
1 FC 25000 KN/m2
2 Fy main 415000 KN/m2
3 Fy sec 415000 KN/m2

21. 4 Max main 20mm
5 Max sec 16mm
6 Min main 12mm
7 Min sec 8mm
8 Ratio 4
TABLE 3.2:- DESIGN PARAMETERS OF COLUMN
S. NO. DETAILS VALUES
1 FC 25000 KN/m2
2 Fy main 415000 KN/m2
3 Fy sec 415000 KN/m2
4 Max main 20mm
5 Max sec 16mm
6 Min main 12mm
7 Min sec 8mm
8 Ratio 4

22. TABLE 3.3: DESIGN PARAMETERS OF SLAB
FOUNDATION:-
TABLE 3.4: DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR CONCRETE AND REBAR PROPERTIES
S.NO. DETAILS VALUES
1 MINIMUM BAR SIZE 6 mm DIA
2 MAXIMUM BAR SIZE 32mm DIA
3 MINIMUM BAR SPACING 50 mm
4 MAXIMUM BAR SPACING 500mm
5 P, CL 50mm
6 F, CL 50mm
TABLE 3.5: SOIL PROPERTIES FOR FOOTING
S.NO. DETAILS VALUES
1 SOIL TYPE DRAINED
2 UNIT WEIGHT 22.000KN/m3
3 SOIL BEARING CAPACITY 100.000KN/m2
4 SOIL SURCHARGE 0.00KN/m2
5 DEPTH OF SOIL ABOVE FOOTING 0.00mm
6 COHESION 0.00KN/m2
7 MIN PERCENTAGE OF SLAB 0.00
S.NO. DETAILS VALUES
1 FC 25000 KN/m2
2 Fy main 415000 KN/m2

23. CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:-
Figure 4.1 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

24. Figure 4.2 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

25. Figure 4.3 DEFLECTION DIAGRAM

26. Figure 4.4 GEOMETRY OF A BEAM

27. Figure 4.5 DESIGN DETAILS OF A BEAM

28. Figure 4.6 CONCRETE DESIGN OF A BEAM

29. Figure 4.7 DESIGN DETAILS OF A COLUMN

30. Figure 4.8 CONCRETE DESIGN OF A COLUMN

31. Figure 4.9 DESIGN DETAILS OF A SLAB

32. Figure 4.10 DESIGN DETAILS OF A SLAB

33. Figure 4.11 DESIGN DETAILS OF A SLAB

34. Figure 4.12 DESIGN OF AN ISOLATED FOOTING

35. Figure 4.13 PLAN OF AN ISOLATED FOOTING
Figure 4.14 DEATAILING OF FOOTING

36. TABLE 4.1: APPLIED LOADS-SERVICE STRESS LEVEL OF FOOTING
LC AXIAL(KN) SHEAR X
(KN)
SHEAR Z
(KN)
MOMENT X
(KN-m)
MOMENT Z
(KN-m)
3 985.013 -15.078 6.310 7.186 17.458
TABLE 4.2: APPLIED LOADS-STRENGTH LEVEL OF FOOTING
LC AXIAL(KN) SHEAR X
(KN)
SHEAR Z
(KN)
MOMENT X
(KN-m)
MOMENT Z
(KN-m)
3 985.013 -15.078 6.310 7.186 17.458
TABLE 4.3: FINAL SIZE OF FOOTING
S.NO. DETAILS VALUES
1 L 3.4m
2 W 3.4m
3 D 0.356m
4 A 11.56m2

37. Figure 4.15 VOLUME OF MATERIALS USED

38. CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
STAAD PRO has the capability to calculate the reinforcement needed for any concrete section.
The program contains a number of parameters which are designed as per IS: 456(2000). Beams
are designed for flexure, shear and torsion.
Design for Flexure:
Maximum sagging (creating tensile stress at the bottom face of the beam) and hogging (creating
tensile stress at the top face) moments are calculated for all active load cases at each of the above
mentioned sections. Each of these sections are designed to resist both of these critical sagging
and hogging moments. Where ever the rectangular section is inadequate as singly reinforced
section, doubly reinforced section is tried.
Design for Shear:
Shear reinforcement is calculated to resist both shear forces and torsional moments. Shear
capacity calculation at different sections without the shear reinforcement is based on the actual
tensile reinforcement provided by STAAD program. Two-legged stirrups are provided to take
care of the balance shear forces acting on these sections.
Beam Design Output:
The default design output of the beam contains flexural and shear reinforcement provided along
the length of the beam.
Column Design:
Columns are designed for axial forces and biaxial moments at the ends. All active load cases are
tested to calculate reinforcement. The loading which yield maximum reinforcement is called the
critical load. Column design is done for square section. Square columns are designed with
reinforcement distributed on each side equally for the sections under biaxial moments and with
reinforcement distributed equally in two faces for sections under uni-axial moment. All major
criteria for selecting longitudinal and transverse reinforcement as stipulated by IS: 456 have been
taken care of in the column design of STAAD.

39. REFERENCES
1. Dr. S.R. Karve & Dr. V.L. Shah - “Illustrated design of Reinforced concrete Buildings”
2. 3.Reinforced concrete Structures by A.K. Jain and B.C. Punmia for design of beams,
columns and
3. Slab.
4. Fundamentals of Reinforced concrete structure by N. C. Sinha.
5. Reinforced Concrete Vol 1 DR.H.J.SHAH
Code Books
1. IS 456-2000 code book for design of beams, columns and slabs
2. SP-16 for design of columns.

40. xi