Cw comp1108 531_mo233_20150420_185837_1415

Undergraduate Final Year Project
Development of an occupation and college guidance system for TEVETA using model view
–controller.
NAME: OWEN MUSENGE MUZI
PROGRAMME: BSC (Hons) computing
STUDENT ID: 000793120
SUPERVISRS: Dr Jere and Mr Mfune
DUE DATE: 20/04/2015
A formal proposal for a dissertation that will be submitted in partial fulfilment of the
university of Greenwich Bachelor of Science degree in computing

Acknowledgement
I would like to express my gratitude to ZCAS and UOG for giving me the possibility to complete
this project. I further more give my gratitude to TEVETA (technical education authority) for
opening the doors of their offices wide to me.
I also give my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Mr Mfune and Dr Jere who give me advice
throughout the writing and the making of the project.
I wish to extend my gratitude and thanks to my wife Bernadette Muzi and Noel Muzi my baby
Girl who indirectly helped me complete this project.
Abstract
In Zambia there are a lot of colleges that are registered under TEVETA and but very few
Zambians know about them where they are located and what they offer etc. a dynamic website
has to be developed. This website should be able to run with different browsers such as Mozilla
five fox opera safari and opera mini so that this web site should be accessible to all Zambian
with internet access on laptop, desk top or on phones.
This system will show all training institutions registered with TEVETA
This system will also show the grading of intuitions. There are 3 grading of institutions
Grade one –very good
Grade two – good
Grade three-satisfactory.
Institutions graded below grade three are not registered.
Abbreviations
CGC ……………………………………………………………..career guidance and counselling
CM………………………………………………………………. career management
DANIDA ……………………………………………………….Danish international development agency
FAWE…………………………………………………………… Forum for African women education
HIV ……………………………………………………………….Human immunodeficiency virus
HOD……………………………………………………………… Heads of department
ICT…………………………………………………………………. Information Communication Technology
MOE ……………………………………………………………….Ministry of education
NCDG……………………………………………………………… National career development guideline
SCG …………………………………………………………………School career guidance
TSC ………………………………………………………………….Teachers service commission
UNESCO ………………………United national educational scientific education and cultural organization
UNICEF…………………………………………………… United Nationals international children education funds
USA …………………………………………………………United States of America
CSS ……………………………………………………………..Cascading Style Sheet
XHTML ………………………………………………………Extensible hyper-text mark-up language
HTML……………………………………………………….. Hypertext Mark-up Language
IDE…………………………………………………………….. Integrated development environment
JAD …………………………………………………………Joint application development

Declaration
I Owen M Muzi do hereby declare that this project is my own work, that to the best of my
knowledge it has been presented for academic purpose.
To my knowledge all referenced information has been duly acknowledged
Authors: Owen Muzi
Supervisors: Dr Jere and Mr Mfune
Dedications
This project is dedicated to my daughter Noël Evelyn kotutu kanugwe Muzi and all the young
people in Zambia.

1.0 chapter 1 Introduction
In Zambia there are a lot of training institutions that are been opened every year. For these
intuitions to offer the best training to the Zambian people they must be registered with TEVETA.
TEVETA is looking for ways to make known these institutions to the public.
Study shows that the people who use the internet have significantly increased in recent years
creating an online database to display these institutions will be the best
1.1 background information
Background on reforms of Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training in
Zambia
The Government of the Republic of Zambia has in the recent past embarked on major reforms to
review the technical education and vocational training (TEVT) in order to make it more
responsive to the current training demands in the economy. In August 1994, the Minister of
Science, Technology and Vocational Training appointed a widely representative national Task
Force to review Government policy on technical education and vocational training and to
recommend changes that would be necessary for the training system to meet new and emerging
challenges in the national economy and society in general. It is a known fact that until then no
serious attempt had been made to undertake such an exercise since the existing policies were
formulated in 1968. In the meantime, the defining characteristics of the national economy and
demographic patterns had both changed very significantly from the conditions under which the
previous policies had been formulated. In spite of some attempts by the Department of
Technical Education and Vocational Training to respond to the changing environment, the
underlying policies and structures of the training system were clearly out of step with the
dynamic demands and requirements of the country.
The Task Force submitted its recommendations in January, 1995 and soon after the
Government issued a new policy on Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship
Training by enacting a law, the TEVET Act No. 13 of 1998 read together with TEVET
(Amendment) Act No. 11 of 2005which led to the establishment of the Technical Education,
Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training Authority (TEVETA) whose responsibility is to
interpret and implement the TEVET policy. The new policy has a broader emphasis than the
previous one which almost exclusively catered for the needs of formal sector employment. The
policy declares, in general terms, Government’s intention to develop a system of Technical
Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training, (or TEVET), that will satisfy the real
demands and requirements of the labour market and socio-economic conditions, all of which
were recognised to be in a state of constant change.
TEVETA is the organisation formed by the act of palaliment in accordance with the provisions of
the technical education vocational and entrepreneurship training (TEVETA) act number 13 of
1998 part in section twenty all training institutions should be registered with TEVETA.
1.1.2 Why TEVETA should have an online database.

Presently in Zambia training institutions are registered nearly every day. There are a lot of
training institutions so it is becoming difficult for Zambia citizens to be aware of these training
institutions.
TEVETA has its offices in Lusaka so the other part of the country will have to come to Lusaka to
know about these training institutions. An online database will allow all Zambians with internet
access on phone or computer to have access to this information.
1.1.3 Scope of the project
The project will be a dynamic site. The site will interact with user depending on the information
that is need. Some users will come to the site to know which training institution they should go
to and what courses are offered there. Some will come to the site to know where a particular
institution is located .etc.
The website will have 4(four) sections:
interaction part
broad career area part
Course in a particular career.
Training institutions that offer a particular course.
1.1.3.1 Interaction part
This part of the site will present a number of questions to the user. The user should read
carefully and tick which one they prefer the system will do a computational and tell the user in
which career broader they fall in.
1.1.3.2 Broader career area
This part will show the user the broader career area they fall in. there are 9 broader career area
namely:
Mechanical –this includes practical tasks such as constructing repairing and operating
things, usually by the direct use of hands
Computational –this includes all counting, arithmetical & statistical procedures at either
simple or advanced levels
Scientific –this activities associated with laboratories or with the study of natural and
physical phenomena
Persuasive –this activities which involve selling ideas or things and generally influencing
other people
Literary-this involves the reading or writing of articles reports, stories etc. And detailed
study of literature or language.

Artistic –this includes artistic pursuits such as illustrating, drawing, designing and
photographic activities.
Social service - this involves personal contact with people, community development and
helping people in need.
Clerical-this all office matter such as writing and typing letters, keeping records, sorting
papers etc.
Outdoor –These activities associated with the open air, the bush, farming etc.
1.1.3.3 Course in a particular career
This part show all particular career and course one needs to do become a particular careerist
e.g. teacher what course to do doctor, actor etc.
1.1.3.4 Training institutions
This part shows all training institution which are registered with TEVETA in Zambia what
course they offer and where they are located.
This website can also show different kind of reports such as how many training institutions they
are in the copperbelt, Lusaka etc. and how many institution offer computer sciences.
1.1.4 Aim and objective
The main aim of this project is to develop a successful website or online database for TEVETA
to help TEVETA show case all institution registered to them what they offer and where they are
located to help users make career decisions on what course to do and where to do it from.
1.1.5 over view of chapter1
Chapter 1 discussed the background of TEVETA, introduction and the aim and objective of the
project

2.0 chapter 2 literature review
The literature review highlights the literature that was read when creating the occupation and
college guidance system. The technologies used are also highlighted.
2.2 TEVETA’ s mandate
TEVETA is an institution created under the Technical Education, Vocational and
Entrepreneurship Training Act (No.13 of 1998) read together with TEVET (Amendment) Act No.
11 of 2005. The functions of TEVETA are defined in the Act as follows:-
Advise the Minister on the development of the quality of human resources in Zambia
through technical education, vocational and entrepreneurship training;
Regulate and advise management boards;
Regulate and coordinate apprenticeship and trade testing facilities;
Provide technical consultancy to management boards and private training institutions;
Promote the technical capacity of management boards;
Develop the national curricula in consultation with all stakeholders;
Set minimum standards and qualifications for any occupation, skill, technology or trade
for institutions in accordance with developments in industry;
Provide guidelines for the development of institutional curriculum
Approve examinations to be taken by persons attending courses at an institution
established or registered under this Act;
Regulate and conduct national examinations relating to technical education, vocational
and entrepreneurship training;
Charge and collect fees in respect of examinations set under this Act;
Award certificates to persons who succeed in examinations set under this Act;
Guide institutions in preparing rules for the recruitment of students and teachers;
Approve curricula and standards of certificates in institutions established or registered
under this Act;
Register institutions;
Cancel the registration of an institution established under this Act; and
Do all such things connected with or incidental to the functions of the Authority.
2.5 Guideline for user interface to be used
Web site technology keeps on improving every day so user in different parts of the world using
the web sites for various purposes using different devices should have equal access.
The online TEVETA database and website should be realistic and understand for all users .the
TEVETA website should be built on standards W3C. W3C Standard are the main standards
widely used so below are the standard W3C which will help make the TEVETA website and
database better.
The website should provide clear navigation and sitemap.
Ensuring that the website is not replying on colour
Making sure it provides user control.
Out of the many W3C standards only the above 3 will be used because are they are very
important for a good website.

2.6 methodologies to be used.
There are a lot of methodologies used in project management; methodologies help in making
sure projects are conducted in a well-managed and organised manner.
2.1.7 Methodology
There are a lot of methodologies in the world but only two methodologies will be picked and
discussed and one out of two will be used the two are:
2.1.7.1 SSADM (structured systems analysis and design method)
This methodology is widely used for large –scale projects e.g. Government projects,
multinational company project etc.
Data model is the necessary part of SSADM .SSADM techniques are logical data modelling data,
flow modelling and entity behaviour modelling. In SSADM documentation is clear
FIGURE 1: SSADM
Feasibility
Business system option
Defining requirements
Investigation
Logical design and physical design
Technical system option

2.1 Pros and cons of using SSADM
Unlike DSDM, developers have much freedom and liberty due to the lack of user involvement at
the time of project development .SSADM assists in meeting all user requirement and finish the
whole project on time. SSADM improve quality and flexibility of the project as it focus on the
performance of data and information system viability.
There is a risk of delivering the project late because SSADM focus on the analysis and its
documentation. If every stage of SSADM thoroughly is followed it can be time consuming and
can cause delay between start and development time takes longer users may not be satisfied at
the time of delivery.
2.2 DSDM (Dynamic system development method)
DSDM is an agile focuses on delivering business solutions on delivering business solution
rapidly and efficiently rather than team activity DSDM is a rapid application development
(RAD). RAD support user involvement in an iterative development and incremental approach
which responds positively to the need this frame work helps in meeting the requirements of
business needs and finishes the project on time and on budget.
Business rules are set before the start of the project prototype is widely used to ensure all
parties get the clear understanding of all aspects of the system.
DSDM has become a well-known framework as it can solve complex tasks and support iteration
during the development process. They are four techniques used in DSDM
Time boxing
MOSCOW
prototyping
Workshop
2.2.1 Pros and cons of using DSDM
Because all parties related to the business are involved in the development of the system
business requirements are usually meat.
DSDM is normally suitable for smaller projects. Users don’t have technical knowledge or skill so
by explaining everything happening in the development process can cause a debut which can
consume time.
2.3 Critique of DSDM (agile) and SSADM (traditional)
Based on the above discussions about DSDM are effective because of continuous communication
and team work. Agile method provide quick delivery and user satisfaction
DSDM is selected for this project because if anything is wrong within development process they
can be maintained unlike other methodologies. Working with users (pupils) (school leavers) all
business requirements are included.

UML (unified modelling language)
UML is not a process but a modelling language itself with its notation and syntax which is used
with other methodology to develop the project more effectively.
Advantages and disadvantages of using UML.
UML is the most efficient technique of visualizing the system design. It’s not dependent on other
programming language. It’s not compulsory that all UML diagrams are used with a particular
methodology. All problems are known before starting the development process.
UML doesn’t have a standard file format. It’s difficult to marry code with model.
Different model and diagrams of UML can make it difficult to keep them constant with each
other.
Use case diagram
Out of all UML diagrams, use case is the most widely and effective diagram to use when
analysing user requirements. Use case offer clear visibility into the system. The interaction of
the system with its users is show by use cases.
2.4 Technologies to be used
Programming today has grown due to a lot of technologies flooded on the market. There are a
lot of technologies some for free and some for sale.
In order to develop a successive and effective occupation and college finder website it is
important to choose the right technology. Firstly front end technologies will be discussed.
Secondly back end technologies and lastly database management system and design patterns
will be discussed.
2.5 Front end technologies
These are technologies which interact with the user. They all operate on the client’s side in an
application.
HTML 4
HTML is a modern mark-up language that uses common abbreviations called ‘’tags’’ to advise a
web browser how the author would like to have web page displayed.
A major development with HTML came in 1993 when a college student named Marc Anderssen
added an image tag so that HTML could display images in addition to text.
HTML 4 is an updated version of HTML 3.2 to provide more flexibility for current and future
development of the internet.
CSS
Cascading style sheets (CSS) offer a new and powerful way of presenting information to a user
(displaying structured documents). The SCC operates on the client side. The web browser is

responsible for interpreting the style sheet tags. CSS enable developers to develop stylish web
applications.
XHTML
The Extensible Hypertext Mark-up Language is a family of current and future document types
and modules that reproduce and extend HTML. XHTML is the successor of HTML (W3C, 2015).
JavaScript
This is a client side technology which runs in the browser. JavaScript are stored in simple text
file as part of HTML documents. For JavaScript there is no need to have special software tools or
programming software but a text editor. JavaScript is on the client’s side it help the processing
of data in a much faster way.
7.5 Back End Technologies
PHP
Hypertext Pre-processor PHP, some say Personal Home Page PHP is a server side scripting
language in the development of dynamic web applications. PHP is the most known language for
enhancing web pages. It’s an open source and it can be used on many platforms such as
windows, Mac OS, RISC OS and Linux. It supports web servers such as apache, IIS etc. It also
works very well with MySQL database which will be used to develop the occupation and college
finder web application.
ASP.NET and C#
ASP.NET is a server side framework compatible with C# use to develop websites. It is used by
20% of website worldwide. ASP.NET is solely a sever side technology. It makes deployment easy
with a minimum of coding. It also offers support for CSS, XML and other web standards. C# is an
object-oriented programming language from Microsoft that combine the computing power of
C++ with the programming ease of visual basic. C# is based on C++ and is similar to Java.
7.5 Why PHP will be used for this project
PHP is an open source and has large communities worldwide. It is easier to access (it free)
easier to learn due to many resources and references available on the internet. Also due to
limited time we used to learn and develop a working dynamic website PHP is quicker compared
to ASP.NET.
2.5.2 Database management system
Database is a collection of logically related data and its description, designed to meet the
organizations’ need to information. (Connolly and Begg, 2010)
Database management system is a software system that enables to define, create, maintain and
control access to the database.
Below are some of the DBMS on the market and one has to choose for the development of this
project (occupation and college finder)

PostgreSQL
IT is a powerful yet an open source object-relational database system. It supports most all major
operating systems including Linux, UNIX (AIX, Solaris, etc.) and Windows. It is fully ACID
Compliant. PostgreSQL boasts of sophisticated features such as multi-version concurrency
control etc.
Microsoft SQL server
It is a DBMS developed by Microsoft Inc. This is not an open source software mean one needs to
buy. It works well with ASP.NET.
Oracle
It is a broadly used database which has the higher feature set. It supports variety of platforms
and hardware. It offers best performance, tight security for database. It also includes a different
critical function which works efficiently with large amount of data. Oracle database was the first
database designed for enterprise grid computing and it is not open source software. It is
developed and supported by Oracle Corporation.
DB2
It is database software that offers industry leading performance, scale, and reliability on your
choice of platform made by IBM. It has features that help analytics for making better decision,
etc.
MySQL
Is the most popular open source SQL database Management system. MySQL is relational
database developed, distributed and supported by Oracle Corporation. It can run as a local host
on standalone application or as a server in distributed system. MySQL database support
different back ends and wide range of APIs. It provides huge consistency and ease of use. It’s a
best choice for PHP.
Why MySQL database will be used.
MySQL is a best choice for PHP which is the language selected to develop occupational and
college finder application. MySQL is open source software meaning it is allowed for free and
provides all features which are needed by many web developers and programmers. It runs on
multiple operating systems. Quicker and easier to learn and many more are the reasons MySQL
was selected for the TEVETA occupation and College finder application.
2.9 Model-View-Controller: A Design Pattern for Software
Why focus on Model-View-Controller Architecture?
MVC - Model-View-Controller - is architecture in web applications. This topic was selected
because it allows us to look at web application development in overview, before getting into the
nitty gritty of the many component parts of implementing a web app. MVC is a fundamental and
high-level design pattern. It has become widely accepted among software engineers and

architects that designing applications in explicit conformity to these patterns facilitates the re-
use of insight and experience gleaned by the best and brightest among us over the course of
thousands of real-world software development efforts. In short, thinking in terms of Design
Patterns will make you a better programmer. MVC - Model-View-Controller - is a design pattern
for the architecture of web applications. It is a widely adopted pattern, across many languages
and implementation frameworks, whose purpose is to achieve a clean separation between three
components of most any web application:
Model: business logic & processing
View: user interface (UI)
Controller: navigation & input
Figure 5
2.10 The programming tools which will be used in the development of
occupational and college finder.
Dreamweaver 8
Macromedia Dreamweaver 8 is a professional HTML editor for designing, coding,
and developing websites, web pages, and web applications. Whether you enjoy the
control of hand-coding HTML or prefer to work in a visual editing environment,
Dreamweaver provides you with helpful tools to enhance your web creation
experience. The visual editing features in Dreamweaver let you quickly create pages
without writing a line of code. You can view all your site elements or assets and drag
them from an easy-to-use panel directly into a document. You can streamline your
development workflow by creating and editing images in Macromedia Fireworks or
another graphics application, then importing them directly into Dreamweaver, or by

adding Macromedia Flash objects. Dreamweaver also provides a full-featured coding
environment that includes code-editing tools (such as code colouring and tag
completion) and language reference material on Cascading Style Sheets (CSS),
JavaScript, and ColdFusion Mark-up Language (CFML), among others. Macromedia
Round trip HTML technology imports your hand-coded HTML documents without
reformatting the code; you can then reformat code with your preferred formatting
style. Dreamweaver also enables you to build dynamic database-backed web
applications using server technologies such as CFML, ASP.NET, ASP, JSP, and PHP.
Dreamweaver is fully customizable. You can create your own objects and commands,
modify keyboard shortcuts, and even write JavaScript code to extend Dreamweaver
capabilities with new behaviours, Property inspectors, and site reports.
Wampserver 5
WAMP5 is an installer for Windows. It installs a complete WAMP solution on your
computer. WAMP is for: Windows - Apache - MySQL- PHP5
WAMP5 automatically configures them to work together, wherever you install them on
your local drive.
These softwares are installed:
Apache 1.3.x.
PHP 5.x.x
MySQL 4.x.x
PHPmyadmin
SQLitemanager
WAMP5 comes with a service manager as an icon tray. This manager will allow you to
fully control your server and local projects.
WAMP5 is not designed for production but as a development environment. With
WAMP5, you will be able to create your scripts locally on your computer, test them and
then upload them on your production server.
During installation, a "www" directory is created in WAMP5's directory. Just put script
files (PHP files) in this directory and access your localhost threw an Internet Windows
or the service manager (icon tray).
PHPRunner
PHPRunner creates set of PHP pages to access and modify MySQL database. Using generated
PHP pages users can search, edit, delete, and add data into database. PHPRunner is extremely
easy to learn, you can get started in just 10 minutes!
Features:
 Easy to use wizard-like interface
 Generates 100% pure PHP code
 Number of search modes
 Add, view, edit, and delete pages

 Password-protected access to the database
Benefits of using PHPRunner are:
 Can save you time and money.
 Improve functionality of your web site.
 Create robust, easy to modify code.
 Easy to use, you can generate your first PHP pages in just ten minutes.
 No programming required.
What PHPRunner can do for:
 Collect user's information.
 Phone/address book.
 News articles.
 Products listing.
 Web-based database searching & data entry.
 Web-based reporting.
Filezilla Client
Is the FTP Client. FTP stands for file transfer program protocol. An ftp client program is used to
move files from one computer to another, generally from client computer to a server computer.
Filezilla is free, open source program that is available for several computer platforms including
windows, Linux etc. if connecting to the OACS web servers, there is need for an FTP client that
support SFTP as well as regular FTP.
Mozilla Firefox browser
This is a web browser used for the testing of the application.
The above 5 tools are the tool which will be used to come up with a powerful dynamic website
application (the occupational and college finder application).
2.11 Short overview of chapter 2
Literature review provides the background of TEVETA, mandate of TEVETA. The chapter also
gives information on the technologies and methodologies and tools used.

Chapter 3 project objectives activities and methods
3.0 Introduction
The following chapter highlights the various project objectives and the activities, ways and
finding which will be carried out in the development of the occupational and college finder.
3.1 To analyse current system in use
Activities: hold interviews the stakeholders, interview staffs at TEVETA, read a lot of career
prospects and TEVETA policies.
Deliverables: user requirements and specification document.
Methods: interviews were conducted with the stakeholder of the system. The observations
and brainstorming of the current business area was carried out. Watching the operations of the
TEVEAT is needed to understand the work and interact with training institution and students.
Findings: after observing the various processes at TEVETA see how many training institution
register with them and how many are known to the general public. It was learnt that there is
need for online occupation and college finder system.
3.2 To review similar systems
Activities: surfing the internet to check existing systems similar to the occupational and
college finder and reading Literature on existing similar system and selecting which feature to
incorporate to the new system.
Deliverables: chapter 4 of this report.
Methods: surfing the internet is the most prominent of the methods. Going in school to find
out what pupils are using to help them find a career and a college to training from.
Findings: There are no similar online systems in Zambia, but there are some in other parts of
the world not so many.
3.3 To select a methodology
Activities: check the existing system development methodologies, read literature of different
methodologies compare them and select one.
Deliverable: section of chapter 2 of this report.
Findings: after a detailed research it was learnt that there are a lot systems development
methodologies. The advantages and disadvantages are highlighted in the section of chapter 2.

3.4 To design and implement a new system
Activities: select hardware and software specification, read literature of different designs
and select an existing design to system.
Deliverables: section of this report.
Methods: read and research on the different design technologies available.
Findings: the main system development of major software design methodologies are: top
down and bottom-up design, stepwise refinement, structured design.
3.5 To design and implement a data system.
Activities: select an appropriate DBMS platform, Draw up ERDs for the database, create
database
Deliverables: database design document and completed database for the occupational and
college guidance system.
Methods: These involve reading and try various DBMS available.
Findings: the database will be MySQL connecting with PHP the interfaces will be HTML.
3.6 To evaluate the new system
Activities: draw up test plan; carry out testing, bugging, retesting and error correction.
Deliverables: test plan, test results and the final product report.
Methods: the test will be carried out using both the black box and white box testing.
Findings: the test result proving the functionalities of the operations of the system.
3.7 short overview of chapter 3
Chapter 3 provides the objectivities and methods used in the project.

Chapter 4 review of similar existing systems
4.1 introductions
This chapter highlights the different systems which are similar to the system that will be
implemented. It will also show different features the systems have. It will show the shortcoming
of these similar systems.
4.2 similar existing systems
There are 4 similar systems which were found on the internet, these systems are shown below:
4.2.1 The shobia career finder
The Shobia Career Finder (SCF) helps people find career matches. For each question, decide
how much you would like to do what is described. Your options are Dislike, Maybe, Like
How it works
The quiz asks you 25 questions that determine how interested you are in different types of
work. We were inspired by the Holland Code, which says jobs can be described by six categories
of interest, but use an original approach we believe improves accuracy.

4.2.2 InsideJobs career finder
The easiest way to find a career (ever). Whether you're just starting out or looking for a career
change, this tool is for you.
4.2.3 What career is right for me?
Take our free career aptitude test to determine what jobs are best suited to your skills and
interests. The test is composed of four brief sections covering your:

SKILLS: What are your personal strengths and weakness?
INTERESTS: What sorts of activities and subjects do you find interesting?
STYLE: What style of work environment are you looking for?
VALUES: What values are important to you in your ideal career?
4.2.4 Career Girls
About Career Girls
It isn’t enough to tell young girls to “dream big” or “aim high.” Without proper encouragement,
or concrete methods for turning their abilities into tangible careers, many young women can
simply flounder in the educational system.
Career Girls is a free, non-commercial, online platform which showcases video clips of diverse
women role models sharing career and educational advice to inspire young girls to expand their
horizons, improve their academic performance, and dream big about their futures. We are
dedicated to providing girls of all income levels and ethnic backgrounds with the academic tools
and support they need to achieve their professional aspirations. We do this by placing a "real
world" context on a child's academic studies, specifically through interviews with positive
female role models and a comprehensive collection of easy-to-follow educational resources.

Chapter 4 presented systems which are similar to the proposed system.

Chapter 5 systems analysis
5.1 introductions
This chapter highlights the current system in place and it further covers the disadvantages of
the current system. The main purpose of this chapter is to gather information on the current
system. This information will then be used as a blue print for the design of the proposed system.
5.2 Information gathering Techniques
5.2.1 Interviewing
This involves talking and asking the people who work with the current system. It enables the
Developer to get first-hand information on the current system. It also highlights to the
developer more information than would have been gathered.
5.2.2 Observation
This involves watching of the business undertakers, watching them interact with the system.
This brings out issues which may have not have been brought out during the interview. As in
every institution there are written and unwritten rules and laws.
5.2.3 Brainstorming
The Brainstorming process of the system is done by both the developer and the clients. The
Brainstorming is conducted with the client since they are the knowledge hubs. The developer
brings in ideas from past experiences in system building. This enables both the Client and
developer to be on the same level of understanding.
5.3 challeges of current system.
TEVETA has a website which has PDF documents with lists of colleges and courses.
Users download these documents and use them for career decision making.
There are very few users visiting the TEVETA website because there are no interacting
activities on the current website.
There is no means of access to information quickly.
Lack of security anyone can download the documents without tracing them.
There is no automatic generation of reports. Reports provide the much needed
information for easier statistical analysis and decision making.
5.4 The proposed system
The proposed system is the solution to the many challenges Zambian youths are facing in career
choosing. The new system will help in the career decision making.
5.4.1 Advantages of the new system
Present information on the graphical user interface GUI.
Data will be on a database easier to manipulate.
Consistent because there will be one database.
This system will show the user courses and training institutions offering these courses.
Unlike other systems this system will show legal training institutions, institutions
registered with TEVETA.

Security, the system is secure than the current states of affairs, users will be required to
have a password.
There will be user authentication.
5.5 functional requirements
The system will have the following functional requirements according to users.
5.5.1Administrator of the system functional requirements are:
View all users
Provide reports
Block abusive users
Create administrator accounts
Run database backup.
5.5.2 User functional requirements are:
Accounts creation
Login to system
Interact with system
Check career status
Check suitable courses
Check training institutions offering them.
5.6 Non-functional requirements
Efficiency the system will provide a more efficient way of management of the computer
Resources.
Integrity the system shall provide only access level to which the user requires
Compatibility the system is Compatible to most platforms.
Performance the system must process information and be able to run efficiently.
Portability the system is able to run on most platforms.
Reliability the system shall be reliable and available anytime time.
Scalability the system will have room for future room for improvements.
Security the system will able to have Security measure to secure the system from
possible attacks.
Usability the system will have user friendly interface.
5.7 Use cases for the proposed system
User cases for the user

User
Figure 5 use cases for users.
Actors: user
Precondition: no accounts
Events: display an interface for creation of the account.
Display a form to be filled
Display a message of success when done
Use cases for scenario for users
Actors: users
Precondition: has account
Events: logon
Display an interface for logon.
Authenticate applicants
Show the interaction forms for the career searchers.(users)
Accounts creation
Check suitable courses
Check career status
Check training colleges

Use case for the administrator
Administrators
Figure 6 use cases for admin
Actor: administrator
Precondition: the admin has account and login details.
Events: when create administrator
Display an interface for the creation
Backup database.
This chapter has looked at the System Analysis for the proposed system. It further looked the
Information gathering Techniques, Current System, the disadvantages of current system. It
introduces the new system and the advantages of the new system. Also the Functional
Requirements and Non-functional Requirements
Creation users
Create administrators
Blocking of abusive users
Backup database

Chapter 6 -Systems Design
6.1 Introduction
The chapter looks at the Database Design both the Conceptual Schema and the Logical Schema.
The database design focus on the actual database design for the proposed system it highlights
both the Conceptual Schema and Logical Schema of the database.
Conceptual schema
Figure 10 conceptual schema.
Update
s
Possible career
Broader career
Courses
User
Administrator
Institution
Wan
ts
Has
Monito
rs
Update
s
Are
in
Offere
d by
To
know
password
CodeAuto
Code
Code
password

Logical schema
Admin (user_name, password)
Broader_career (auto, mechanical, computational, scientific, persuasive, literary, artistic,
social_service, clerical, outdoor)
Courses (code, course_name, broader_career, institution, entry requirements, duration, examing
body.)
Institutions (code, name, grade, level, address, province)
Possible careers (code, career_name, broader_career, meaning)
User (user_name, location, age, password, level_of_education)
Figure 12 logical schema

Data dictionary
Field Type
user_name varchar(100)
location varchar(20)
age varchar(3)
password varchar(4)
level_of_education varchar(50)
Field Type
code varchar(10)
career varchar(200)
broader_career varchar(100)
Meaning longtext
Field Type
code int(10)
name varchar(100)
grade varchar(100)
level varchar(100)
address varchar(100)
provice varchar(100)

Field Type
code varchar(10)
course_name varchar(100)
broader_career varchar(100)
institution varchar(100)
entry requrements varchar(100)
Duration varchar(8)
examing_body varchar(100)
Field Type
auto varchar(100)
mechanical varchar(1)
computational varchar(1)
scientific varchar(1)
persuasive varchar(1)
literary varchar(1)
artistic varchar(1)
social_service varchar(1)
clerical varchar(1)
outdoor varchar(1)
Field Type
user_name varchar(100)
password varchar(4)
Figure 13 data dictionary

6.5 Architecture Design
Figure 14 design pattern
Link 1 Link 2 Link 3
Banner header
Image
Signup Course Login

Username
Password
Logon
Like playing football
Like cooking
Submit

This chapter has described the design of the System .The chapter looked at the Database Design
Conceptual Schema Logical Schema; design Diagram of the proposed System.

Chapter 7 - Construction and Implementation of System
7.1. Introduction
This chapter details the building and operations of the proposed System. It highlights the
different technologies, tools and the programming languages used.
7.2. Programming Languages Used
Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP): control of information. PHP is used
in the logic of the system. All the processing or logic of the system is done in
PHP.
Structured Query Language (SQL): is a Language used in
communication in the database.
Hyper Text Mark-up Language (HTML): presentation of
information. The many interfaces in the system are all built in HTML.
7.3 Programming tools /software development tools
Dreamweaver the tool has been chosen due the fact that it is flexible. It has PHP and HTML all
in one. It is a WYSIWYG editor
7.4. Database Server Technology
MySQL is relational databases which stores data in separate tables. It is used due to its
populate and robust nature it is being used by enterprise sites.
7.5. Application Architecture
The Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern consists of a data model,
presentation information, and control information. This Architecture is used to design system
which separates the application in three different entities.
7.6 HTML and CSS Code for the home page.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html><head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<title>CAREER GUIDANCE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM</title>
<style type="text/css">
a:hover {

color: white;
}
.style5 {
font-size: 36px;
color: #FF0000;
}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;
}
h1 {
font-size: 9px;
color: #FF0000;
}
.style7 {font-size: 36px; color: #FFFFFF; }
</style>
<script type="text/JavaScript">
<!--
function MM_swapImgRestore() { //v3.0
var i,x,a=document.MM_sr; for(i=0;a&&i<a.length&&(x=a[i])&&x.oSrc;i++) x.src=x.oSrc;
}
function MM_preloadImages() { //v3.0
var d=document; if(d.images){ if(!d.MM_p) d.MM_p=new Array();
var i,j=d.MM_p.length,a=MM_preloadImages.arguments; for(i=0; i<a.length; i++)
if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0){ d.MM_p[j]=new Image; d.MM_p[j++].src=a[i];}}
}
function MM_findObj(n, d) { //v4.01
var p,i,x; if(!d) d=document; if((p=n.indexOf("?"))>0&&parent.frames.length) {
d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);}

if(!(x=d[n])&&d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x&&i<d.forms.length;i++) x=d.forms[i][n];
for(i=0;!x&&d.layers&&i<d.layers.length;i++) x=MM_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document);
if(!x && d.getElementById) x=d.getElementById(n); return x;
}
function MM_swapImage() { //v3.0
var i,j=0,x,a=MM_swapImage.arguments; document.MM_sr=new Array; for(i=0;i<(a.length-
2);i+=3)
if ((x=MM_findObj(a[i]))!=null){document.MM_sr[j++]=x; if(!x.oSrc) x.oSrc=x.src; x.src=a[i+2];}
}
//-->
</script>
</head><body onLoad="MM_preloadImages('careersguidace/images/images.jpg')">
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Abadi MT Condensed
Light;"></span><br>
<table width="1263" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="text-align: left; width:
1600px; height: 140px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="1255" bordercolor="#FFFF00" bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="vertical-align: middle;
background-color: rgb(42, 43, 44); text-align: center;"><div align="center">
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><span class="style7">OCCUPATION AND COLLEGE GUIDANCE SYSTEM </span><span
class="style5"><br>
</span><br>
<br>
<br>
             
<br>
             &n
bsp;            &nbs

p;             
             &n
bsp;            &nbs
p;         
<br>
</p>
</div></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
1000px; height: 28px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="200" style="vertical-align: middle; height: 40px; width: 200px; background-color:
rgb(63, 152, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="index.html">HOME</a><br>
</td>
rgb(63, 152, 255); text-align: center;">HOW TO USE THIS SYSTEM <br>
</td>
rgb(63, 152, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="output/login.php">ZAMBIAN SCHOOLS
</a><br>
</td>
rgb(63, 152, 255); text-align: center;">ABOUT
US<br>
</td>
rgb(63, 152, 255); text-align: center;">CONTACT
US<br>
</td>
</tr>

</tbody>
</table>
1000px; height: 479px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background-color: white;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="1033" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: white; text-align: center;
height: 200px; width: 1000px;"><br>
<img src="careersguidace/images/slide2.jpg" alt="" width="961" height="443"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</div>
<center>
<center>
<table width="1300" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="text-align: left; width: 1000px;
height: 300px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="333" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; height: 300px; width:
333px;"><img src="careersguidace/images/courses.png" alt="courses" width="666"
height="100" style="width: 333px; height: 50px;"><br>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Enroll Now!!! for the following
degree courses</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br>
1. Computing, Mathematics, Law </span><br style="font-family: Arial;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Sample dat... aathis is just sample data </span><br
style="font-family: Arial;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Sample sample.</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">
<br style="font-family: Arial;">

<span style="font-family: Arial;">Information about courses will be put here </span><br
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Computing, Mathematics, Law </span><br style="font-family:
Arial;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Sample dat... aathis is just sample data </span><br
<span style="font-family: Arial;">
Sample sample.</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Information about courses will be put here </span><br
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Computing, Mathematics, Law </span><br style="font-family:
Arial;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Sample data.<br>
</span>
<div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: Arial; font-weight:
bold;">...more</span><br>
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></div>
</div> </td>
<td width="333" style="vertical-align: top; height: 300px; width: 333px;"><img
src="careersguidace/images/about us.fw.png" alt="aboutus" width="666" height="100"
style="width: 333px; height: 50px;"><br>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">You are to implement a
prototype of two mobile apps to be used by private investigators. 
The first app is for use when the investigator is going into a
dangerous situation.  It is to be implemented using App Inventor
and is called DangerApp.   The second app is to be called
Sherlock and is to be used to record details of people the investigator
is following.  Sherlock is to be implemented using any one of the
following technologies:</span><br style="font-family: Arial;">

<span style="font-family: Arial;">The second app is to be called Sherlock and is to be used to
record
details of people</span><br>
<br>
<div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: Arial; font-weight:
bold;">...more</span><br>
</div></td>
<td width="612" style="vertical-align: top; height: 300px; width: 333px; background-color:
rgb(42, 43, 44);"><p><img src="careersguidace/images/signin.fw.png" alt="signin"
width="342" height="100" style="width: 333px; height: 50px;"><br>
<a href="#" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()"
onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('Image7','','careersguidace/images/images.jpg',1)"><img
src="careersguidace/images/decision_support (1).jpg" alt="we can help you " name="Image7"
width="335" height="235" border="0"></a> </p> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<table style="text-align: left; width: 1000px; height: 349px;" border="0" cellpadding="2"
cellspacing="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><big style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;">LATEST
NEWS</big><br>
__________________________________________________________________________________<br>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">This is just some sample data showing news updates.</span>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">This is just some sample data showing news updates.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">This is just some sample data showing news updates.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">This is just some sample data showing news updates.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">This is just some sample data showing news
updates.</span><br>
__________________________________________________________________________________<br>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">If no submissions were made
before the deadline, coursework submitted up to two weeks late that
meets the criteria for a pass will be treated as a referral. It will be

subject to university regulations for referral work.f no submissions
were made before the deadline, coursework submitted up to two weeks
late that meets the criteria for a pass will be treated as a referral.
It will be subject to university regulations for referral work.</span><br>
__________________________________________________________________________________<br>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Plagiarism is presenting somebody
else’s work as your own. It includes: copying information directly from
the Web or books without referencing the material; submitting joint
coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s
coursework; stealing or buying coursework from someone else and
submitting it as your own work.</span><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 324px; text-align: center;"><big style="font-weight: bold;
color: rgb(42, 43, 44);"><big><span style="font-family: Arial;">CONTACT US THROUGH THE
FOLLOWING<br>
<br>
</span></big></big>
<div style="text-align: left;"><big style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(42, 43,
44);">        <img
src="careersguidace/images/facebook-icon.png" alt="facebook" width="256" height="256"
style="width: 100px; height: 100px;"><big><span style="font-family:
Arial;"></span></big></big>        <img
src="careersguidace/images/Twitter.png" alt="twitter" width="256" height="256"
style="width: 100px; height: 100px;">    <br>
<div style="text-align: center;"><big><big><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color:
rgb(42, 43, 44);">or visit our</span> </span></big></big><br>
<br>
<big style="color: rgb(42, 43, 44);"><big><big><big style="font-family: Brush Script
Std;">Contact us Page</big></big></big></big><br>
</div>
<big style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(42, 43, 44);"><big><span style="font-family:
Arial;"></span></big></big></div>
</td>

</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<table style="text-align: left; width: 1000px; height: 41px; background-color: rgb(42, 43, 44);"
border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1000px; text-align: center;"><p><small style="color:
white;">CAREER GUIDANCE</small><small style="color: white;"><br style="font-family:
Arial;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">2015</span></small><br>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</center>
</center>
</body></html>

7.7 Code of the login page
<html>
<head>
<title>Login</title>
<link REL="stylesheet" href="include/style.css" type="text/css">
</head>
<body bgcolor=white onLoad="javascript:document.forms[0].username.focus();"
text="#000000" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0"
link="#0066cc">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="99%">
<tr>
<td valign="center" align="middle">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td> </td>

</tr>
</table>
<tr>
<td>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff" valign="top" align="right">
<table width="300" border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" align="center">
<tr>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<form method="POST" action="login.php" id=form1 name=form1>
<table width="300" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4" align="center"
bgcolor="#cccccc">
<tr>
<td align=middle class=blackshade>
<b><font size=+1>Login</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" class=shade>
<DIV align=center>
<table width="200" border=0 align="center" class=shade>
<tbody>
<tr height=10><td colspan=2> </td></tr>
<tr>
<td align=right width="50%">
<div align="left">Username:</div>
</td>

<td width="50%">
<input name=username value="">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<div align="left">Password:</div>
</td>
<td width="50%">
<input type=password name=password value=""
onkeydown="e=event; if(!e) e = window.event; if (e.keyCode != 13) return; e.cancel = true;
document.forms[0].submit();" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<div align="left">Remember Password:</div>
</td>
<td width="50%">
<input type=checkbox name=remember_password value="1" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=2 align=middle>
<input type=hidden name=btnSubmit value="Login">
<input type=submit value="Submit" class=buttonM>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>

<td colspan=2 align=middle>
<a href="register.php">Register</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height=20>
<td align=center colspan=2>
<font color=red></font> 
</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table></DIV>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<p> </p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>
HTML and CSS Code for broader career display page
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>broader_career</TITLE>
<META content="text/html; charset=windows-1252" http-equiv=Content-Type><LINK
rel=stylesheet type=text/css href="include/style.css">
<META name=GENERATOR content="MSHTML 11.00.9600.16428"></HEAD>
<BODY topMargin=5 bgColor=white ><script language="JavaScript"
src="include/jsfunctions.js"></script><script> var bSelected=false;var TEXT_FIRST =
"First";var TEXT_PREVIOUS = "Previous";var TEXT_NEXT = "Next";var TEXT_LAST =
"Last";</script>
<FORM method=get name=frmSearch action=broader_career_list.php><input type="Hidden"
name="a" value="search"><input type="Hidden" name="value" value="1"><input
type="Hidden" name="SearchFor" value=""><input type="Hidden" name="SearchOption"
value=""><input type="Hidden" name="SearchField" value=""></FORM>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>

<TD width=30> </TD>
<TD align=center><FONT size=+0><B> broader_career</B></FONT> </TD>
<TD width=50 align=center>
<TD width="80%" align=center>
<TABLE align=center border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD width=10> </TD>
<TD align=center>Logged as <B>owen</B>  <A
href="login.php?a=logout">Log out</A> </TD>
<TD width=20> </TD>
<TD vAlign=middle align=center>Quick jump:</TD>
<TD align=center><select
onchange="window.location.href=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;">
<option value="menu.php">Back to menu</option>
<option value="admin_list.php"
>admin</option>
<option value="broader_career_list.php"
selected>broader_career</option>
<option value="courses_list.php"
>courses</option>
<option value="institutions_list.php"
>institutions</option>

<option value="possible_careers_list.php"
>possible_careers</option>
<option value="user_list.php"
>user</option>
</select> </TD>
<TD width=20> </TD>
<TD align=center><A href="broader_career_search.php">Advanced
search</A> </TD>
<TD width=20> </TD>
<TD align=center><A href="broader_career_export.php"
target=_blank>Export results</A> </TD>
<TD width=20> </TD>
<TD align=center><A href="broader_career_print.php"
target=_blank><IMG border=0 src="images/printer.gif"></A> </TD>
<TD align=center><A href="broader_career_print.php"
target=_blank>Printer-friendly version</A> </TD>
<TD width=20> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE
style="BORDER-TOP: #c0c0c0 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #c0c0c0 1px solid; BORDER-
BOTTOM: #c0c0c0 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: #c0c0c0 1px solid"
cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=4 width="95%" align=center border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD class=shade align=center><A href="broader_career_add.php">Add new</A>
</TD>

<TD class=shade vAlign=middle align=center><B>Search for:
</B>    <select id="ctlSearchField">
<option value="">Any field</option>
<option value="auto" >auto</option>
<option value="mechanical" >mechanical</option>
<option value="computational" >computational</option>
<option value="scientific" >scientific</option>
<option value="persuasive" >persuasive</option>
<option value="literary" >literary</option>
<option value="artistic" >artistic</option>
<option value="social_service" >social_service</option>
<option value="clerical" >clerical</option>
<option value="outdoor" >outdoor</option>
</select>   <select id="ctlSearchOption">
<option value="Contains" >Contains</option>
<option value="Equals" >Equals</option>
<option value="Starts with ..." >Starts with ...</option>
<option value="More than ..." >More than ...</option>
<option value="Less than ..." >Less than ...</option>
<option value="Equal or more than ..." >Equal or more than ...</option>
<option value="Equal or less than ..." >Equal or less than ...</option>
<option value="Empty" >Empty</option>
</select>   <INPUT
id=ctlSearchFor
onkeydown="e=event; if(!e) e = window.event; if (e.keyCode != 13) return true; e.cancel = true;
RunSearch(); return false;"
>   <INPUT onclick="javascript: RunSearch();" class=button type=button value=Search>
  <INPUT onclick="javascript: frmSearch.a.value = 'showall'; frmSearch.submit();"
class=button type=button value="Show all">
</TD>

<TD class=shade align=center>Details found: 4<BR>Page 1of 1</TD>
<TD class=shade align=center>Records Per Page:<BR><select
onChange="javascript:
document.location='broader_career_list.php?pagesize='+this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;"
>
<option value="10" >10</option>
<option value="20" selected>20</option>
</select> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>       
<A
onclick="var i; bSelected = !bSelected; 
if ((typeof
frmAdmin.elements['mdelete[]'].length)=='undefined')
	frmAdmin.elements['m
delete[]'].checked=bSelected;
else
for
(i=0;i<frmAdmin.elements['mdelete[]'].length;++i)

	frmAdmin.elements['mdelete[]'][i].checked=bSelected;"
href="#">Select/Unselect all</A>    <A
onclick="if (confirm('Do you really want to delete these records?')) frmAdmin.submit(); return
false;"
href="#">Delete selected</A>    <A
onclick="var c=0; for (i=0;i<frmAdmin.elements['mdelete[]'].length;++i) if
(frmAdmin.elements['mdelete[]'][i].checked) c=1; if(c==0) return true;
frmAdmin.action='broader_career_export.php';frmAdmin.target='_blank';frmAdmin.submit();
frmAdmin.action='broader_career_list.php'; frmAdmin.target='_self';"
href="#">Export selected</A>    <A
onclick="var c=0; for (i=0;i<frmAdmin.elements['mdelete[]'].length;++i) if
(frmAdmin.elements['mdelete[]'][i].checked) c=1; if(c==0) return true;
frmAdmin.action='broader_career_print.php';frmAdmin.target='_blank';frmAdmin.submit();
frmAdmin.action='broader_career_list.php'; frmAdmin.target='_self';"
href="#">Print selected</A> 
<FORM method=post name=frmAdmin action=broader_career_list.php><input type=hidden
id="a" name="a" value="delete">
<TABLE

style="BORDER-TOP: #c0c0c0 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #c0c0c0 1px solid; BORDER-
BOTTOM: #c0c0c0 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: #c0c0c0 1px solid"
cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=3 width="95%" align=center border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR class=blackshade vAlign=top>
<TD align=center><IMG src="images/icon_edit.gif"></TD>
<TD align=center><IMG src="images/icon_view.gif"></TD>
<TD align=center></TD>
<TD>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD class=blackshade><A class=blackshade
href="broader_career_list.php?orderby=aauto">auto</A>
</TD>
<TD></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
<TD>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>
href="broader_career_list.php?orderby=amechanical">mechanical</A>
</TD>
<TD>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>
href="broader_career_list.php?orderby=acomputational">computational</A>

</TD>
<TD>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>
href="broader_career_list.php?orderby=ascientific">scientific</A>
</TD>
<TD>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>
href="broader_career_list.php?orderby=apersuasive">persuasive</A>
</TD>
<TD>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>
href="broader_career_list.php?orderby=aliterary">literary</A>
</TD>
<TD>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>

href="broader_career_list.php?orderby=aartistic">artistic</A>
</TD>
<TD>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>
href="broader_career_list.php?orderby=asocial%5Fservice">social_service</A>
</TD>
<TD>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>
href="broader_career_list.php?orderby=aclerical">clerical</A>
</TD>
<TD>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>
href="broader_career_list.php?orderby=aoutdoor">outdoor</A>
</TD>
<TD></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR>
<TR onmouseover="this.className = 'rowselected';"
onmouseout="this.className = 'shade';" vAlign=top

class="shade">
<TD align=center><A
href="broader_career_edit.php?editid1=">Edit</A>   </TD>
<TD align=center><A
href="broader_career_view.php?editid1=">View</A>  </TD>
<TD align=center><INPUT type=checkbox value="1" name=mdelete[]>
<input type=hidden name="mdelete1[]" value=""> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
onmouseout="this.className = '';" vAlign=top
>
<TD align=center><A
href="broader_career_edit.php?editid1=1">Edit</A>   </TD>
<TD align=center><A
href="broader_career_view.php?editid1=1">View</A>  </TD>
<input type=hidden name="mdelete1[]" value="1"> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>

<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
onmouseout="this.className = 'shade';" vAlign=top
class="shade">
<TD align=center><A
<TD align=center><A
<TD>2 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
onmouseout="this.className = '';" vAlign=top
>
<TD align=center><A

<TD align=center><A
<TD>3 </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>1 </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD></TR>
<TR class=blackshade>
<TD class=blackshade></TD>
<TD class=blackshade>Count: 4
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></FORM>
<P> </P>

<P align=center><B></B></P><script language="JavaScript">WritePagination(1,1);
function GotoPage(nPageNumber)
{
window.location='broader_career_list.php?goto='+nPageNumber;
}
</script> </BODY></HTML>
7.8 System Requirements
Disk Space: there is need to have at least 2 gigabytes (GB) of memory
Random-access memory (RAM): 2GB of RAM is required for the best functionality of the
system
Processor: 2.30 GHz 32 bit.
Network Interface Card (NIC):
7.9 Training

Just like any system there is need to train the users in the operation of the system. Staffs are to
learn how to use the system they are to carry out the general maintenance of the system.
The chapter highlighted the Construction and Implementation of System of the proposed
system.
Chapter 8 - System Testing
8.1 Introduction
The chapter highlights the tests and test results of the tests undertaken on the system.
8.2 Test Plan
The chapter highlighted the system test of various users
Test plan for users
Component
name
Test purpose Test data Expected
result
Actual result Mark
Test plan for administrator
Component
name
Test purpose Test data Expected
result
Actual result Mark

Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Legal, Social, Professional and Ethical Issues

9.1 Introduction
The chapter discusses the Legal, Social, Professional, Ethical, Security and Privacy Issues of the
system. It highlights the different issues which are likely to be brought out as a result of
implementing the system.
9.2 Legal Issues
The access to the information provided in the system is restricted. There are those who can
view, those who can amendments to the information. The system will guide against unlawful
access of the information. TEVETA will not in any way disclose the information provided in the
system to anyone unless a request is made by the courts of law. The information provided will
not be used for any other purpose than that which it is intended for.
9.3Social Issues
With any computer system developed, it obviously receives resists by the people. The resists is
mostly due to the wrong notions in their minds that the introduced computer system will make
take away their jobs instead of making their job easier and making them more productive.
9.4 Professional Issues
The development of the system has insured the all know error within the system has been
attended to. The system is a non-biased system providing access to all users equally. The system
has to provide high standards of services.
9.5 Ethical Issues
These are rules which govern the TEVETA staff non adherence to the ethics can led to the loss of
employment. It is unethical for the staff member with access to information to disclose the
information to everyone. The sale of the information is unethical.
9.6 Security
In the development of a computer system it is of paramount importance that the issue of
Security is looked at. The system provides access to personal with the right access information.
The system is using the password. It is equally important that there is a backup of the system
database made periodically.
9.7 Privacy
The system has to up hold the privacy of the users. The system is dealing with people’s personal
Information. The personal information collected has to be protected at all cost. It should only be
used for the intended purpose only. Even when the information is no long of use it should be
protected.
This chapter has looked at the Legal, Social, Professional and Ethical, Security and Privacy Issues
Issues for the proposed system.

Chapter 10
Chapter 10 - Summary and Presentation of Results
10.1 Introduction
This chapter highlights the project achievements and accomplishments. It also gives a summary
of all the project’s achievements and accomplishments in each chapter.
10.2 Chapter 1 Introduction
This chapter provided a rundown of the overview of the system. It also provided the
Background, the projects aims, the project Problem Definition and also provided the project
Solution to the problem the problem statement.

10.3 Chapter 2 - Literature Review
The chapter highlighted the different Literature on the subject area. The subject area included
the Ministry Of Education Policy (TEVETA). The different Front End and back End Technologies
are highlighted. The different Database Management System are equally highlighted with the
various programming tool /software development tools are presented also.
10.4 Chapter 3 - Project Objectives, Activities and Methods
This chapter discussed the various project objectives, activities and methods. It also highlighted
the Findings of various objectives, activities and methods.
10.5 Chapter 4 - Review of similar existing Systems
This chapter highlighted three similar existing Systems available. It discussed the Features,
Weaknesses and Appearance of the similar existing Systems.
10.6 Chapter 5 - Systems Analysis
The chapter highlights the system Analysis in the current system. It looks at the current system.
The various challenges of the current system in place it also looks the way the proposed system
is to help in the management. The chapter also discussed the functional requirements and non-
functional requirements of the proposed system.
10.7 Chapter 6 -Systems Design
The chapter deal with the design for the proposed system. The chapter highlights different
designs the Database Design both the Conceptual Schema and Logical Schema and the User
Interfaces.
10.8 Chapter 7 - Construction and Implementation of System
The chapter highlights the actual construction and Implementation of the system. The chapter
looks at the tools used to develop the system. It also looks at the programming languages used
for the construction of the system. The chapter also discussed the implementation of the new
system.
10.9 Chapter 8 - System Testing
The chapter discussed the aspect of testing. The tests were carried to ensure the system is
working to the expected expectation. The testing also proved that the system is working as it
should work.
10.10 Chapter 9 - Legal, Social, Professional and Ethical Issues
The chapter discussed the various Legal, Social, Professional and Ethical, Security and Privacy
Issues concerning the Implementation of the system. It highlighted the various Legal, Social,
Professional and Ethical, Security and Privacy Issues.
10.11 Chapter 10 - Summary and Presentation of Results
The chapter presented a rundown of the all the chapter in the project. It showed the
achievements of the project based on the chapter per chapter presentation.
10.12 Chapter 11-Conclusion
The chapter was the last chapter in the project. It highlighted the project critical evaluation it
went further and discussed the projects strengths and weaknesses as well as Lessons learnt and
further discussed future recommendation on the project.

This chapter has looked at the various the project achievements and accomplishments of each
and every chapter.

Chapter 11
Chapter 11 – Conclusion
Introduction
The chapter highlights the critical evaluation. The project strengths and weaknesses as well as
the lesson learnt and finally make future recommendations

Critical Evaluation
Working on the project has not been easy I have faced a lot of challenges. Time was not enough
work and school this semester tight.
Strengths
The system is of value of the Zambian youths and it can be used easy. System is able to produce
reports.
Weaknesses
There is no much dynamism in the system it is mostly dealing with the reading the database.
The system is unable to process some counting .the system is unable to check the data entered
there is little data validation.
Challenges
The project would have better work on had the staffs of TEVETA given me the resource required
on time. The ministry was undertaking a recruitment exercise during the duration of this
project. My laptop crushed twice causing loss of data and information. I had a challenge of
learning programming languages.
Lesson Learnt
The Project has taught me time management skill. I have learned to plan and implement the
plan. I have learnt how to undertake research. I have equally learnt how to work under pressure
yet still meet what is required of me. I have learnt report writing.
Future Recommendation
I recommendation TEVETA to adopt and implement. For real implementation there is need to
add in more features or modules which would allow the system have more robust management
modules.
Summary of Chapter
This chapter provided the critical evaluation of the project. The project strengths and
weaknesses are discussed. The lessons learnt are highlighted while making future
recommendations on the project.
List of References
1. Andrew S, Jennifer G (2005).Applied Software Project Management .O'Reilly Media:
2. Cambridge. p113
3. Ballard & Moncur (2009).sams Teach yourself Ajax,JavaScript and PHP All in one. Mark
4. Taub .Indiana: Sams Publishing .
5. Connolly , T & Begg, C (2010).Database Systems A practical Approach to Design,
6. Implementation and Management . 5th ed .London: Pearson. 16

7. 4. W3C (2013-04-02). Web Style Sheets. Available:http://www.w3.org/Style/. Last
Accessed
8. Date:28/08/2013.
9. 5. W3C (2013-04-02). What is XHTML?. Available:http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/. Last
10. Accessed Date:28/08/2013.
11. 6. Eclipse Foundation (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Management.
12. Available:http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Is-http://www.eclipse.org/org/#history.
Last
13. Accessed Date: 02/09/2014.
14. English J (1997). The Java Programming Language.
15. Available:http://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/java/java.html.
Last
17. Functional Requirements (n.d). Functional Requirements. Available:Functional
18. Requirements. Last Accessed Date: 11/09/2014
19. Training [Image] n.d. Retrieved September 26, 2014 from
20. http://www.orangehrmlive.com/img/training_sml.png
21. W3C (2013-04-02). Web Style Sheets. Available:http://www.w3.org/Style/. Last
Accessed
22. Date:28/08/2014.
23. W3C (2013-04-02). What is XHTML?. Available:http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/. Last
25. Westhead G (2011). What Is Dreamweaver?. Available:http://ezinearticles.com/?What-
Is-
26. Dreamweaver?&id=5797166. Last Accessed Date:02/09/2014.
27. Arnold, J. (1997). Managing Careers into the 21st Century. London: Chapman.
28. Arthur, M. B., Hall, D. T. & Lawrence, B.S. (1989). Generating new direction in career
theory: The case for a transdisciplinary approach. In M.B. Arthur. D.T. Hall and B.S.
Lawrence (eds.), The Handbook of Career Theory, 7-25. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Library.
29. Blair, A. & Tett, L. (1998). Guidance, access and networking in Crawford, M., Edwards,
R.,and Kydd L.
30. Taking Issue – Debates in Guidance and Counselling in Learning. New York: Routledge.
31. Borg, F. (1997). Employers and education: a response to Sultana. In R. Sultana &
J.Sammut (Eds.),
32. Careers Education and Guidance in Malta (pp. 133-138). Malta: Peg Publications.
33. Brown, D & Associates (2002). Career Choice and Development. USA: Jossey-Bass, A
Wiley
34. Company.
35. Buchman, M. (2002). Labour market entry and beyond: Some reflections on the changing
structure of work.
36. Education and Training, 44, (4/5), 217-223.
37. Camilleri, J.M. (2005). Interview with Mr J.M. Camilleri, KNPD on 5th October, 2005.

38. Camilleri, S. (2005). Career Guidance in Malta. Unpublished Masters Dissertation. UK:
University
39. of East London.
40. Collins Cobuild, (2001). English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (3rd. Ed.). Glasgow:
41. HarperCollins.
42. Council of the European Union, (2001). The concrete future objectives of education and
training systems.
43. Website: http://register.consilium.eu.int/pdf/en/01/st05/05980en1.pdf
44. Council of the European Union, (2004). Draft Resolution of the Council and of the
representatives of the Member States meeting within the Council on Strengthening
Policies, Systems and Practices in the field of Guidance throughout life in Europe. Website:
http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/2010/doc/
45. resolution2004_en.pdf
46. Degiovanni, J.P. (1997). A Brief History of Guidance and Counselling in Malta; 1968-1987.
In R. G.
47. Sultana, & J. M. Sammut Eds. “Careers Education and Guidance In Malta: Issues and
Challenges”.
48. Malta: Publishers Enterprises Group (PEG) Ltd. Website:
http://schoolnet.gov.mt/guidance/
49. Docs/Guidance%20History.pdf
50. Driver, M. J. (1982). Career concepts – a new approach to career research. In R. Katz
(Ed.), Career
51. Issues in Human Resource Management: 23-32. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
52. Education Act (2006). Chapter 327 of the Laws of Malta. Website:
www.education.gove.mt/ministry/
53. doc/pdf/edu_laws/edu_laws_2007/chapt327.pdf
54. Education Division, (2004). Knowing Our Schools. Department of Operations. Malta
55. European Commission, (2002). A European Area of Lifelong Learning. Luxembourg:
Office for Official
56. Publications of the European Communities.

Appendix A
Appendix A: Project proposal
Undergraduate Final Year Project proposal
Development of an occupation and college guidance system for TEVETA using model view
–controller.
NAME: OWEN MUSENGE MUZI
PROGRAMME: BSC (Hons) computing
STUDENT ID: 000793120
SUPERVISRS:
DUE DATE: 20/04/2015

A formal proposal for a dissertation that will be submitted in partial fulfilment of the
university of Greenwich Bachelor of Science degree in computing
1.0 Overview
Background on reforms of Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training in
Zambia
The Government of the Republic of Zambia, has in the recent past embarked on major reforms
to review the technical education and vocational training (TEVT) in order to make it more
responsive to the current training demands in the economy. In August 1994, the Minister of
Science, Technology and Vocational Training appointed a widely representative national Task
Force to review Government policy on technical education and vocational training and to
recommend changes that would be necessary for the training system to meet new and emerging
challenges in the national economy and society in general. It is a known fact that until then no
serious attempt had been made to undertake such an exercise since the existing policies were

formulated in 1968. In the meantime, the defining characteristics of the national economy and
demographic patterns had both changed very significantly from the conditions under which the
previous policies had been formulated. In spite of some attempts by the Department of
Technical Education and Vocational Training to respond to the changing environment, the
underlying policies and structures of the training system were clearly out of step with the
dynamic demands and requirements of the country.
The Task Force submitted its recommendations in January, 1995 and soon after the
Government issued a new policy on Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship
Training by enacting a law, the TEVET Act No. 13 of 1998 read together with TEVET
(Amendment) Act No. 11 of 2005which led to the establishment of the Technical Education,
Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training Authority (TEVETA) whose responsibility is to
interpret and implement the TEVET policy. The new policy has a broader emphasis than the
previous one which almost exclusively catered for the needs of formal sector employment. The
policy declares, in general terms, Government’s intention to develop a system of Technical
Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training, (or TEVET), that will satisfy the real
demands and requirements of the labour market and socio-economic conditions, all of which
were recognised to be in a state of constant change.
TEVETA is the organisation formed by the act of palaliment.0 in accordance with the provisions
of the technical education vocational and entrepreneurship training (TEVETA) act number 13 of
1998 part in section twenty all training institutions should be registered with TEVETA.
TEVETA is an institution created under the Technical Education, Vocational and
Entrepreneurship Training Act (No.13 of 1998) read together with TEVET (Amendment) Act No.
11 of 2005. The functions of TEVETA are defined in the Act as follows:-
Advise the Minister on the development of the quality of human resources in Zambia
through technical education, vocational and entrepreneurship training;
Regulate and advise management boards;
Regulate and coordinate apprenticeship and trade testing facilities;
Provide technical consultancy to management boards and private training institutions;
Promote the technical capacity of management boards;
Develop the national curricula in consultation with all stakeholders;
Set minimum standards and qualifications for any occupation, skill, technology or trade
for institutions in accordance with developments in industry;
Provide guidelines for the development of institutional curriculum
Approve examinations to be taken by persons attending courses at an institution
established or registered under this Act;
Regulate and conduct national examinations relating to technical education, vocational
and entrepreneurship training;
Charge and collect fees in respect of examinations set under this Act;
Award certificates to persons who succeed in examinations set under this Act;
Guide institutions in preparing rules for the recruitment of students and teachers;
Approve curricula and standards of certificates in institutions established or registered
under this Act;
Register institutions;
Cancel the registration of an institution established under this Act; and
Do all such things connected with or incidental to the functions of the Authority.
2.0 aim

To create a dynamic web application to help Zambian youths know courses and colleges
offering them.
3.0 key words
Career
Courses
Colleges
Universities
PHP
TEVETA
Education
4.0 objectives
4.1 To analyse current system in use
Activities: hold interview the stakeholders, interview staffs at TEVETA, read a lot of career
prospects and TEVETA policies.
Deliverables: user requirements and specification document.
4.2 to review similar systems
Activities: surfing the internet to check existing systems similar to the occupational and
college finder and reading Literature on existing similar system and selecting which feature to
incorporate to the new system.
Deliverables: chapter 4 of this report.
4.3 To select a methodology
Activities: check the existing system development methodologies, read literature of different
methodologies compare them and select one.
Deliverable: section of chapter 2 of this report.
Findings: after a detailed research it was learnt that there are a lot systems development
methodologies. The advantages and disadvantages are highlighted in the section of chapter 2.
4.4 To design and implement a new system
Activities: select hardware and software specification, read literature of different designs
and select an existing design to system.
Deliverables: section of this report.
4.5 to design and implement a data system.

Activities: select an appropriate DBMS platform, Draw up ERDs for the database, create
database
Deliverables: database design document and completed database for the occupational and
college guidance system.
4.6 to evaluate the new system
Activities: draw up test plan, carry out testing, bugging, retesting and error correction.
Deliverables: test plan, test results and the final product report.
5 Courses Relevant to Project
Database Design and Implementation
E-Commerce
IT Project and Quality Management
Mobile Computing
Object Oriented Software Development
Web Engineering
6 Legal, Social, Ethical and Professional Issues
Legal
The Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which defines UK
law
on the processing of data on identifiable living people. The Act defines eight data protection
principles. It also requires companies and individuals to keep personal information to them,
secure,
safe and for the intended purpose only.
Social
When the project is completed it will obviously have resistance by the people to change. People
are
used to doing their business in a manual way with the introduction of a new electronic way. The
system will complement the work force and not charge the way of doing business.
Ethical
The privacy of the individual security of data and information should be accuracy of data and
information with regard changing nature of work appropriate information use health and safety
law.
The work ethics will apply in the system. The non-disclose of information without the rights
clears
level will be maintained.
Professional
A professional issue is the conduct defines the standard. The application will be an accurate and
nonbias
to everyone that has the right details. The system will be able to maintain the high level of
professional level.
8.0 planning

Cw comp1108 531_mo233_20150420_185837_1415

Cw comp1108 531_mo233_20150420_185837_1415

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (18)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to Cw comp1108 531_mo233_20150420_185837_1415

Similar to Cw comp1108 531_mo233_20150420_185837_1415 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Cw comp1108 531_mo233_20150420_185837_1415