2. Information Media for Water Supply and
Environmental Sanitation
Published by:
Working Group for Water Supply and
Sanitation From the Editor 1
Your Voice 2
Advisor:
Director General for Urban and Main Feature
Rural Development, Department of Public Works
Aceh Emergency, Disaster Emergency 3
Board of Trustee: Standard Operational Procedure for Disaster Emergency 7
Director of Human Settlement and Housing,
National Development Planning Agency Tsunami 8
Republic of Indonesia Imagining the Face of the Veranda of Mecca 9
Director of Water and Sanitation,
Ministry of Health Interview
Director of Urban and Rural Eastern Region,
The Community Must to Be Resettled 13
Department of Public Works
Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate "Our Surveilance is Functioning" 14
Technology, Director General on Village and
Community Empowerment, TPA Must Be Enlarged 16
Department of Home Affairs Fulfillment of Basic Infrastructure and Provision of Access 17
Director for Facilitation of Special Planning
Environment Management, Meeting the Minimum Level of Service 20
Department of Home Affairs
Telescope
Chief Editor: PDAM Banda Aceh, Your Story Today 21
Oswar Mungkasa
To Take Care of the Survival 22
Board of Editor: Book Info 23
Ismail, Johan Susmono,
Indar Parawansa, Poedjastanto Website Info 24
IATPI Clinic 25
Editor:
Maraita Listyasari, Rewang Budiyana, Rheidda Reportase
Pramudhy, Joko Wartono, Essy Asiah,
Mujiyanto, Andre Kuncoroyekti At ZERO POINT 26
Insight
Design/Illustrator:
Rudi Kosasih Tragic Story at Lewigajah. Are We Learning a Lesson? 30
Waste Material Management in the Town of Luwuk 33
Production:
Machrudin Community Empowerment Model in Water Supply and Sanitation Management
Distribution: for Settlement Area 35
Meiza Aprizya, Agus Syuhada Clean Beach and Blue Sea Through GBPL 38
Address: About WASPOLA 39
Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat
About WSS 45
Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113
http://www.ampl.or.id Agenda 52
e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com
redaksi@ampl.or.id Glossary 53
oswar@bappenas.go.id
Unsolicited article or opinion items
are welcome. Please send to our address
or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and accom-
panied by identity.
Cover by RUDI KOSASIH

3. F ROM EDITOR
Dear readers, SOURCE: FANY WEDAHUDITAMA
It seems we are not really aware that it
has been four months we did not see each
other. There is, of course, a feeling of
longingness to be able to greet you once
again. Thanks God, in this opportunity
we are able to visit your drawing room.
Please be informed, that the presence
of Pecik is inseparable from government
support. Therefore, Percik's life depends
on the liquidity of budget support. As you
know, APBN budget is liquid in April so
that Percik has to adjust with it. Once
again, please be informed and pardon us
for the delay, until someday when Percik
has become financially independent.
Readers, this time we present you in
the main feature a discussion about
earthquake and tsunami that devastated
a major portion of Nanggroe Aceh Da-
russalam and a small part of North
Sumatra. Though a bit late, some new
data especially related to water supply
Pokja AMPL is welcoming the visit of Ede Jorge Ijjasz-Vasquez, Manager of Water and
and environmental sanition may hopeful-
Sanitation Program (second from right) to see what the Pokja is doing.
ly be useful. This is our sincere participa-
tion in the on going process there.
Compared with the previous edition,
the main feature is somewhat longer. As usual, we still present to you the lished in English. When the members of
This is related to the magnitude of the old coloumns. Such as insight, kaleidos- Working Group attended Water Week
disaster that involved damage to property cope, reportase, info, bibliography, about 2005 in the United States, last February,
and invaluable loss of human lives. WSS, around WASPOLA, agenda, and so an attempt was made to introduce Percik
Because of the size and the extent of the forth. The contents of these columns are to the Water Week participants. The
disaster, we cannot present you all the emphasized on subjects related to tsuna- result, it sold well. A few hundred copies
sectors that were damaged and how to mi and its impact. We also keep in mind were distributed. Favourable response
rehabilitate them. Whereas, this is actu- to insert an article about Lewigajah case was flowing in. This of course means a lot
ally a very important matter for all of us in Bandung. This is important consider- to us.
to be informed about. ing its significance in the dynamics of Altough it is getting more and more
Our discussion is limited on WSS sector waste material management in Indonesia welknown, we never cease to promote
consisting of drinking water, solid waste, so that it could be used as a reflection for Percik. One of them is through Appro-
severage, and drainage. Our objective is TPA (final solid waste disposal site) man- priate Technology exhibition in the
that the readers have a better knowledge agement and that all the basic require- framework of World Water Day com-
about the condition of this sector during the ments for a TPA should be met. memoration, held last end of April. Percik
emergency response and able to imagine Dear readers, there is a pleasing infor- is also present in WSS related events at
what it will look like after the rehabilitation mation for us. Percik is gaining more the national and regional levels.
and reconstruction. To support the presen- acceptance from day to day even to those At the least, with the presence of
tation, we present to you our interviews who are newly acquainted to it. This is Percik, water and sanitation related
with the individuals involved in the ma- not only within this country but also from issues are continuously brought to our
nagement during the emergency response abroad. For your information, beside in attention. Let's hope for the best.
and after that. Indonesian language Percik is also pub- Best regards.
Percik 1
May 2005

4. Y OUR VOICE
Sanitation Coverage should elaborate the Rating Data with the magazine. Thank you.
Rating Data more specified information about sa-
nitation facility types and the condi- Wisnu H Wibowo
I've been observing Percik from tion of those facilities. We will revise Lecturer
time to time. Percik have always pre- the Rating Data as soon as we able to Department of Environmental
senting issues regarding water and sa- gather the necessary data from the Engineering, Diponegoro University
nitation. These issues are very compli- involved parties. (Editor) Semarang
cated due to the decreasing of our envi-
ronmental quality as an impact of Request for Percik
human's irresponsible act. Percik subscription is free of charge
I've read Percik December 2004 The UPTD Laboratorium Kese- because this magazine is funded by the
edition and I like to comment on the hatan Daerah (Local Health Labo- APBN (National Budget). If you like to
Cities Sanitation Coverage Rating Data ratory) of Sawahluto/Sijunjung Mu- receive Percik regularly, send us your
2002. Firstly, we are tend to give our nicipality is responsible for water and complete address via postal mail or
attention more on the quantity rather environmental quality monitoring in email. Regarding to CDs that you ask
than the quality. In Metro City, more Sawahluto/Sijunjung. Issues covered for, we have a limited stock of it. If there
than 90% of the population consume in Percik are relevant with our scope are any CDs left in our stock, we will
water from deep wells, but according to of work. We hope that the publisher send it to you. (Editor)
our study, most of those wells are po- continues to send us Percik periodi-
lluted with faecal coli. cally. Thank You
Secondly, the type of sanitation
facilities is unclear as there are various Asrul, SKM Hereby we like to thank you for
types of sanitation facilities (water su- Head Of UPTD Laboratorium Percik 8th edition that you sent us. We
pply facility, sewerage system, latrine, Kesehatan Daerah of Sawahluto/Sijunjung hope that Percik continue to grow to be
solid waste disposal location). In fact, Municipality more reliable in quality and published
there are some cases where the water regularly.
supply coverage is higher than the The publisher also received same
latrine service coverage. Thus, the requests from Sujoto SH, MM (Head of Ir. Agus Slamet MSc.
Rating Data should be elaborated with Environmental Agency, Sragen Muni- Head of Environmental Engineering
more specified information about sani- cipality) and Riau Province Legislative Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
tation facility types and their condition. Board Secretariat. (Editor) Surabaya
Arvianda Jaya AR Subscription Inquiry Thank you for your comment. We
Staff of Environmental Health Section also receive the same comments from
Health Agency, Metro City, I received Percik on a seminar in Head of General Affairs and Human
Lampung Yogyakarta. I found the content inte- Resource Bureau Ministry of Environ-
resting. I like to subscribe for this ma- ment and Regional and City Panning
Thank you for the comments. That gazine. How much do I have to pay? I Program Department of Planology
is a good suggestion of yours that we also like to receive CDs that covered in Trisakti University.
2 Percik
May 2005

5. M AIN REPORT
SOURCE: BAMBANG PURWANTO/TANWIR
S
unday. The time indicated 07.58 were trapped within the falling debris. The tsunami happened as a conse-
WIB. When most of the people A few minutes later another surprise quence of an earthquake at the Indian
were enjoying holiday, morning followed. Mountains of water came Ocean. Precisely on the west coast of
gym, or a sip of hot coffee in the plundering the coastal areas. The peak Sumatra. The earthquake occured at
warungs, playing on the beach, and might be as high as a coconut tree. Mo- the Indo-Australian fragment that
enjoying the day with family, all of a ving at a speed of more than 900 km/hr. caused slabs of earth crust below the sea
sudden the earth of Aceh and an island That's what people came to know as slide as far as 10 metres. This is what
off the coast of West Sumatra were sha- tsunami. The sudden "attack" crushed trigers the appearance of tsunami.
ken with an earthquake at 9.0 on the down anything on its way. Everything Based on the existing record this tsuna-
Richter scale. Buildings collapsed. indiscriminately. Buildings, vehicles, mi was the fourth biggest since 1900 and
People were fleeing their houses for people, animals, all were unable to with- the first in the last 40 years. Not only in
safety. Some were unable, though. They stand it. All seemed to be nothing. Sumatra, this huge tidal waves also hit
Percik 3
May 2005

6. M AIN REPORT
Thailand, Srilanka, India and several 2. There are no direct accesses from earthquakes or tidal waves.
countries of the eastern coast of Africa. which people could reach higher
It is not known exactly how many places without hindrance; Damage to Infrastructure
people lost their lives in the disaster. It is 3. People were trapped in bottleneck be- Massive destruction hit the coastal
estimated 200 thousand died and anoth- cause road pattern and networks were areas. These areas suffer from double di-
er 1,5 million had to take refuge. The not designed for evacuation function; saster, earthquake and tsunami, while
biggest number is in Indonesia. The la- 4. Struck by boulders or pieces of bro- other places suffered from infrastructure
test data record 115.000 died, and more ken construction, equipment, vehi- damages caused by earthquake only. The
that 100.000 wounded. Refugees are cles, trees, and so on that were car- infrastructure damage has caused a dras-
scattereed in 21 kabupatens/kotas of ried over by the current; tic decline of service both in Aceh and the
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, and some 5. Collapsing buildings because they island of Nias. The damage covered vari-
areas in Sumatra Utara. were not designed to withstand ous sectors including transport, energy
The total economic loss, and telecommunication, wa-
according to World Bank Table 1 ter resources, drinking water,
estimate, is USD 4-5 billion Total Number of Buildings sanitation and drainage, ho-
(40-50 trillion rupiahs). Based on the Type of Repair and Construction using, and other infrastruc-
Some even mentioned that tures and facilities. This pa-
the total loss might reach 7 Number of houses per attempts to discuss spe-
billion dollars. This condi- NO REGION cifically about issues related
New
tion may reduce Indonesian Repair to drinking water and sanita-
Building
economic growth by 0,1 - 0,4 tion service.
percent. Those figures do not
I Province of NAD
include invaluable loss of Drinking Water
1 Kabupaten Simeuleu 1.863 4.968
lives and human sufferings. The dreadful disaster not
2 Kabupaten Aceh Selatan 3.005 1.440
Based on data presented only wiped down houses and
3 Kabupaten Aceh Timur 2.426 5.077
in "Indonesia: Preliminary other buildings, but it also ca-
4 Kabupaten Aceh Barat 3.191 9.835
Damage and Loss Assess- used severe damages to water
5 Kabupaten Aceh Besar 6.780 30.344
ment - the December 26, supply facility and infra-
6 Kabupaten Pidie 7.368 15.217
2004 National Disaster, Ja- structures that belongs to
7 Kabupaten Bireuen 5.319 5.319
karta. 19 January" and "Indo- PDAM (local water enterpri-
8 Kabupaten Aceh Utara 8.414 17.340
nesia: Notes on Recon- se) as well as the communi-
9 Kabupaten Nagan Raya 2.500 3.994
struction - the December 26, ty's. In general the damages
10 Kabupaten Aceh Jaya 2.642 8.714
2004 National Disaster, Ja- to PDAM installations happe-
11 Kabupaten Aceh Singkil 2.804 1.384
karta. 19 January" more than ned in the intake facility, wa-
12 Kota Banda Aceh 20.448 3.934
1.000 villages and cities were ter processing unit, and dis-
13 Kota Sabang 947 3.099
affected by the disaster im- tribution network. The da-
14 Kota Lhokseumawe 2.147 1.058
pact and approximately mage level varies between 10-
15 Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya 2.849 2.849
100.000 houses were totally 90 percent. PDAM also suf-
16 Kota Langsa 700 1.000
damaged. It was estimated fers from financial problem
Sub Total 77.903 119.072
that the total loss to Aceh and especially in overcoming the
North Sumatra was Rp 13,4 running costs. The financial
II Province of Sumatra Utara
trillion (USD 1,4 billion). loss due to inactivated facility
1 Kabupaten Nias 7.890 23.670
Based on field observa- has reached Rp 29 billion.
2 Kabupaten Nias Selatan 4.365 13.096
tion and identification, there Before the disaster PDAM
Sub Total 12.255 36.766
are several factors that cau- production in the Province of
sed so many casualties: Aceh varied from 20 to 425
TOTAL 90.158 155.838
1. There are no highlands l/sec. The biggest production
for the people to run for Source: was by PDAM Banda Aceh,
safety; Directorate of Settlement and Housing, Bappenas, 2005 PDAM Sabang and PDAM
4 Percik
May 2005

7. M AIN REPORT
Lhok Seumawe. Other PDAMs were rela- desinfectant such as alum, chlorine, and main distribution system for areas with
tively small, varying from 20-60 l/sec. In assistance for operational costs. piping network through replacement of
the provinve of Sumatra Utara only UNICEF representatives in Banda the broken pipes and isolation of the
PDAM Sibolga had relatively big produc- Aceh took an initiative to form "Watsan" severely damaged areas in order to save
tion. team (Water and Sanitation), cosisting of water pressure on the main pipeline.
Shortly after the disaster, drinking domestic as well as foreign organi-
water service was in real mess. It was zation/institution/NGO to help NAD Garbage Handling
because many of the employees fell victim community especially in water supply The tsunami left behind a huge
or members of their families were either and sanitation service. The Watsan team amount of city solid waste. Debris from
dead or lost. It was difficult to move will discuss, evaluate, and exchange shattered buildings mixed with plant
them to serve the community. As a way information related to water supply and wastes and dead bodies. With such a
out, Perpamsi (Association of Indonesian sanitation. big amount of wastes, it was impossible
Drinking Water Suppliers) mobilised per- With the multiple parties lending help for the ordinary city cleaning agency to
sonnel from outside Aceh, particularly in water and sanitation has helped to handle all of it. There must be other
from Medan, even as far as Jakarta, to keep the refugees in a relatively sound parties to take part in handling this.
help the situation. SOURCE: BAMBANG PURWANTO
"We made inventory taking what the
refugees needed most and we coordinat-
ed with the extraordinary personnel. And
a number of 1 litre capacity water purifi-
cation equipment was sent to several
refugee camps. We sent technicians to
Banda Aceh because we were certain that
the installation must be out of order,"
said Drs. Godman Ambarita, Perpamsi
Executive Director.
In addition, Perpamsi also immedi-
ately sought help for simple water treat-
ment facility for the refugees. At the sa-
me time, foreign as well as domestic vo-
lunteers spontaneously began to make
drinking water ready for the refugees. A
group of volunteers from Solo for
instance, dug water wells to pump up
groundwater for the refugee camps.
While the Australian army brought in
mobile water treatment facility at 20.000
l/hr capacity producing potable water for
the city of Banda Aceh. UNICEF handed health condition. During the emergency Moreover, the garbage could not be
over 4 units of water treatment facility at phase there has never been any extraordi- handled in the usual way, it needed
15 m3/hr (4 l/sec) cap. to help easing up nary outbreak of disease. One of the rea- heavy machineries.
water shortages in the towns of Calang, sons was the relatively good water supply Saefuddin, the Head of City Cleaning
Tenom, and Kuala on the west coast, and condition. Agency revealed, that his agency can only
the towns of Pidie, Pantai Raya, and In general, the emergency response deal with ordinary domestic waste mate-
Peudada on the east coast. Siliwangi consisted of efforts to recover and reacti- rials. Even then, it has been brought to a
Army Command operated Mobile Water vate the existing installations and some very limited scale because most of the
Treatment Unit at 2,3 l/sec capacity limited repairworks. This was to fill the garbage fleet was broken down. "There is
loaned by LAPI ITB. Beside water treat- water tanks for emergency need of the no problem with labourers, though," he
ment units, there was also aid in the form tsunami victims especially in the refugee said
of chemicals for water purification and camps. Besides, emergency repairs to The removal of the debris was han-
Percik 5
May 2005

8. M AIN REPORT
Illustrative Garbage Handling Condition
dled by the armed forces together with
other agencies and institutions. "They Location of TPA Kampung Jawa (3 km from the centre of city of Banda Aceh
Space area 12 ha (combined with wastewater treatment installation)
are cleaning the debris and at the same
Management Technology Controlled Landfill
locating dead bodies buried under the Manpower 353 people, consisting of:
devastated construction," he explained. 1) 300 field workers
The method proved very effective because 2) 45 casual workers
the whole area was divided in zones of 3) 8 government employees
4) 40 persons missing
operation. But because of its size the
Contribution No payment for household, commercial/stores Rp
operation itself took a long time to finish. 75.000 per year
One month after the disaster the garbage Transport Facility
cleaning was still unfinished, all because Bulldozer 3 ea. severely damaged
of the extent of the area. Dump Truck 14 ea. severely damaged, 3 ea.slightly damaged
Pick up 16 ea. - 13 ea. lost; 3 ea. slightly damaged
The debris from various parts of the
Armroll Truck 6 ea. all are severely damaged
city was dumped at a final disposal Container 40 ea. in bad shape
ground (TPA). Because of the amount it Service coverage The entire city
took a large space. The TPA which ope- Source: Aceh Natural Disaster Rehabilitation Progress Report
rates under open dumping technology D. G. Kotdes, Dept Publ. Works, 23 Febr. 2005
could not hold all the garbage sent into it.
This happened with TPA Kampung Jawa, Before the disaster the access to sani- the toilets and septic tanks were
Banda Aceh. Besides being too small, the tation and septic tank was relatively satis- destroyed. In urban areas with waste-
TPA was also hit by the tsunami. The factory. Based on provincial record, the water treatment installations had these
workshop and heavy equipment to sup- access of urban citizens to household toi- facilities inactivated.
port the operation were severely dama- let is 76,68 percent. In the city of Banda This condition necessitates construction
ged. "It is estimated 10-20 ha of additio- Aceh 95,50 percent of the population in of emergency toilets in refugee camps.
nal space is needed for this TPA," said 89 kelurahans has household toilets, 2 Helps came in the form of knocked down
Saefuddin. kelurahans have public toilets and 2 other toilets and waste truck. These facilities were
During the emergency response the kelurahans are without toilets. donated by the government and some
Banda Aceh City Cleaning Agency main- The damage to kabupatens/kotas that donor volunteers. The establishment of
tained three garbage handling priorities. used to have no wastewater treatment these toilets have been instrumental to the
First, the refugee concentration camps facility has caused the houses including prevention of diseases that are common in
where most of the population were tem- any disaster stricken area, particularly
porarily dwelling. Second, the market cholera and diarrhoea.
place. Third, expatriate housing area.
This is to make the guests live relatively City Drainage
conveniently. To handle the vast amop- During the emergency The tsunami has made vast areas of
unt of waste materials the employees of the city under stagnant water. City
the Cleaning Agency had to work long
response money was no drainage ditches are disfuctioned because
hours in shifts. problem because finan- they are clogged with sediment, sand or
During the emergency response cial assistance kept flow- debris. Some drainage network is even
money was no problem because financial damaged beyond recovery. This condi-
assistance kept flowing in. The fund ca-
ing in. The fund came tion has made 90 percent of the drainage
me from UNICEF and UNDP. But that from UNICEF and UNDP. ditches of Banda Aceh and Meulaboh are
was only during the emergency response. But that was only during out of function.
The question is what will happen after To prevent damage to land and out-
that. "What is certain is, our job is in-
the emergency response. break of diseases the government and
creasing with the new duty cleaning The question is what will volunteers dried up inundated areas and
drainage gutters around the settlement happen after that river estuaries. This activity became part
areas," Saefuddin firmly said. of evacuation of victims from rivers and
cleaning river body from sand brought in
Wastewater by the tsunami. (mujiyanto)
6 Percik
May 2005

9. M AIN REPORT
Disaster Emergency
Standard Operational Procedure
Base Standard Garbage Handling
Clean Water : Minimum Supply to Keep Alive 7 litres/person/day
in Emergency Condition
Minimum Supply to Maintanance 15-20 litres/person/day There are 4 steps in garbage handling:
Food : Minimum Energy Needed 2.100 kkal/person/day
1. Preliminary EvaluationAt this stage
it is necessary to map out the types
Well Cleaning and Desinfection Household Scale Emergency of waste and their influence to the
in Emergency Condition Dinking Water Treatment community, including the system
There are 5 steps in dip well clean- 1. Coarse screening A piece of clean
ing and desinfection after a disas- cloth may be used. It inludes
ter. The steps are illustrated in the aeration process.
following sketch: 2. Quick Response (1
month)Gathering together scattered
litters and managing domestic and
1. Inventory taking of recoverable market wastes. Digging disposal pit
wells 2. Storage and Sediment Settling for household with extra land space,
This process can kill 50 percent of or construction of a community scale
bacteria in one day temporary disposal ground
2. Cleaning the wells from debris
and other pollutants, using pumps,
and other tools. At this stage it is 3. Filtration, i.e. passing the water
necessary to examine the turbidity through a porous medium such as 3. Medium Response
sand, charcoal, and ceramic (6 months)Collection and construction
level. Whether it has reached 5 NTU
of final disposal facility and its m
(normal turbidity unit). If not, the operating system. Including the trans-
well must be recleaned. If yes, then portation arrangement, manpower,
we may enter the following step. space area and community education
4. DesinfectionIt funtions to kill in waste management right form its
pathogens such as virus, spores and source of origin.
fungi. This can be done through
adding chlorine or exposing the water
under UV light (Sodis), or treatment
with other types of chemical 4. Long term solution
3. Water desinfection using 1 litre
of 0,02 percent chlorine for
100 litres of well water
Service and Infrastructure Sanitarian and medical personnel
Requirement for Refugee Camp for 10-20 thousand refugees:
1 toilet for one family (6-10 persons) Community Health: 10-20
4. Draining
1 tap for one community (80-100 Nurse: 1
persons) Doctor/Medical Asst.: 1-3
1 health centre for one camp Lab technician: 1
(20.000 people) Sanitarian : 2-4
5. Control of chlorine content.
If the water still contains more than 1 hospital for more than 200.000 Traditional Midewife: 6-10
0,5 mg/l the well must be people Midewife: 3-4
re-drained. If less, the well 1 school for 5 thousand people Pharmacist: 1
is ready for use. 2 garbage bins for one community Asst Sanitation: 20
(80-100 people)
Source: WHO
Tenaga kesehatan dan sanitasi
Percik 7
May 2005

10. M AIN REPORT
Tsunami
T
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA.COM
sunami is a word bor- ple of minutes to several hours, and
rowed from the Ja- the wavelength may extend up to
panese. Tsu means har- hundreds of kilometres. However,
bour and nami means wave. fishermen while in the sea may not
The expression was created by feel anything because the height is
Japanese fishermen who re- less than one metre. The waves are
turned to harbour and found the under the surface with a mighty
area around the harbour was force that will manifest itself as it
damaged, although they did not hits a land.
feel the waves while in the open The velocity of the waves varies
sea. from 500 - 1.000 km/hr. The waves
Tsunami is a natural phe- will be piling up when they approach
nomenon consisting a series of shallow waters/beach lip producing
waves when sea or lake water big waves at certain height and de-
moves swiftly at a devastating vastating energy. This explains why
speed. Earthquake, sliding of the damage was so severe.
earth slab, volcano eruption, Tsunami cannot be defeated.
and the impact of a meteoric What we can do is mitigation of its
may cause tsunami. The dama- damage. In Japan, the government
ge caused by tsunami ranges builds a 45 m high retaining wall to
from inconspicuous up to major protect a densely populated coastal
devastation. area. However, this still is no guaran-
Most tsnunamis are gene- tee because sometimes the waves may
rated by an earthquake below reach as high as 30 m like the one hap-
the ocean bottom. But such an pening in Hokkaido. While to protect
earthquake is too small to cause Protection wall against Tsunami in Japan human lives, there is a need for an
an effect to the surface unless it early warning system. On the west
is followed with a movement of the earth appears, the initial causes may be earth- coast of America, for instance, there is a
crust. When the crust moves, it causes quake, or suboceanic volcanic eruption. warning that provides guidance to the pop-
tsunami waves. Actually, through the In the open seas tsunami may last for ulation to run away when tsunami is about
earth crust movement that a tsunami a considerable length of time, from a cou- to come. Source: Wikipedia.com
Normal Situation Disturbance Coastal flooding
Overlapping pri-
mary waves
Ebbing tide
Speed reduction
Fault Sinking Earthquake epicenter
1 3 5
Disturbance Propagation
Flood tide
Note:
The forming of tsunami wave.
Raising
Earthquake epicenter 2 4
Source: Wikipedia.com
8 Percik
May 2005

11. M AIN REPORT
Imagining the Face of the
Veranda of Mecca SOURCE: EXCLUSIVE
Y
unus is planning to rebuild his
tsunami damaged home. The 50-
year old man does not pay too
much attention to the Aceh rehabilitation
and reconstruction master plan. "For
whatever it costs I must get back, that is
where we used to live," says Yunus. He
does not even care about similar disaster
that may come at any time. "We live for
and because of Allah, why should be
afraid. When the time comes, we can die
anywhere," he says further in his thick
Acehnese dialect.
Far away from Yunus' refugee camp in
Darussalam, Aceh Besar, men are busy
formulating a master plan. In Jakarta
there is a Nangroe Aceh Darussalam and
Sumatra Utara Rehabilitation and Re-
construction Planning Team (R3MAS).
In Aceh alone a similar team was also
established. They worked hard to have
the job done within a three month period,
right after the disaster. And it was right,
at the end of March 2005, the Aceh reha-
bilitation and reconstruction master plan Emergency toilets: To protect environmental sanitation, the government built emergency toilets
was finalised and signed in spite of many
who substantively disagree with it. ture that could immediately enhance b. Provision of assistance and prepara-
The master plan is a product of a team Aceh and Nias community recovery tory activities related to rehabilita-
working under the coordination by process; tion and reconstruction of housing
Bappenas. The membership consisted of 2. Provision of basic infrastructure that and its basic support infrastructure
agencies directly and indirectly related could effectively and efficiently sup- and facility for the victims of the dis-
and is competent in the respective sectors port the social life and economic aster.
such as BPPT and LIPI. The rehabilita- progress and capable of generating Tri Nugroho Utomo, Secretary Gene-
tion is scheduled from this year right after the feeling of security from the threat ral of the Association of Indonesian
the three month emergency response and of natural disaster. Sanitation and Environmental Engineers,
will last till the end of 2006. This will be The policy to be applied will be: says that on average the damage areas are
followed by the reconstruction period a. Priority is given to infrastructure and located 2 km from the coastline. The level
which is estimated to last until the end of facility related to basic need and of damage graduates. "Some are totally
2009. As far as activity segmentation is logistic mobility. For this purpose damaged, some might be recovered for
concerned, everything will be implement- the priority development will be settlement, on some precondition, of
ed simultaneously depending on the placed on housing, drinking water, course. For istance, there must be some
urgency and readiness. waste water management, garbage cleaning works to be done especially the
According to the master plan the pur- handling, and rehabilitation of access surrounding areas, and there must be a
pose of the housing and infrastructure to entry points such as strategically drinking water and sanitation facility
rehabilitation and reconstruction are: located sea- and airports together because the tertiary pipe networks have
Provision of housing and infrastruc- with their corollary road networks. been totally damaged and the water wells
Percik 9
May 2005

12. M AIN REPORT
SOURCE: MUJIYANTO
are out of use," he said.
Therefore, according to him, Aceh
recovery will need to be based on a grand
strategy. With this strategy in place it is
possible for the community to develop its
own site plan. "The principle is, infra-
structure and facility development must
involve the community. For as long as the
community's wishes comply with the
grand strategy, there is no problem for the
micro aspect to follow the community
willingness. This will be superior and
minimize conflict," he explained further.
Strategy for WSS Sector
Water supply and sanitation sector is
not standing by itself. This sector is an
integral part of the general infrastructure
development. Spatial plan becomes sig-
nificant in the rearrangement of WSS
infrastructure and facility development in
NAD.
Drinking Water Taking Water: Refugees at Camp TVRI of Mata Ie are taking water supplied by PU
The strategy for reconstruction of
WSS infrastrucutre and facility is insepa-
rable from housing and macro planning chosen. First, contracting system, consi- Godman, several donor countries are will-
as stated in the spatial plan. For reloca- dering the large size of work to be done. ing to help in the operation of several
tion of settlement areas, water supply Second, scattered system, for villages PDAMs. But only on temporary basis.
facility must be made available prior to where the works are relatively smaller, "We will support them to get back to life
construction of houses. One of the rea- applying community approach. and provide services to the community."
sons is to make the place attractive to the The question is, how will the drinking
relocated community. water infrastructure and facility develop- Garbage Handling
For urban areas, the initial priority ment be financed? Up to now there is no Garbage problem in Aceh is not quite
must be placed on rehabilitation and definite source of fund. There is a consi- different from other areas of Indonesia.
reactivating the water treatment facility deration to provide O&M subsidy for the Beside the voluminous amount of domes-
and its main distribution network, suffi- first year, because the demand for such a tic wastes, the tsunami disaster brought
cient supply for the refugee concentra- cost cannot immediately be borne by a with it a gigantic amount of debris. That's
tion, and continued supply to areas not tariff structure. why its handling strategy is actually not
hit by the disaster. The Executive Director of Perpamsi, too far different from waste material in
Besides, the development will have to Drs. Godman Ambarita, Msi, said that he general.
be based on community demand appro- will try to organize all donors, domestic as The handling method will be empha-
ach, except for new resettlement areas well as foreign, to reactivate PDAM in sized on community participation
where infrastructure development is laid Aceh. "I think it is about time for Aceh to approach, i.e. management effort starting
down before houses are built following revive. You know that water service in from its source of origin through 3R
the site plan. Aceh is extremely low because of internal (reduce, reuse and recycle) program. The
As far as repairwork or construction is crisis. I think we have to take lessons community is directed towards capability
concerned, there are two approaches to be from it," he concluded. According to and willingness to separate, process, re-
10 Percik
May 2005

13. MA I N R E P O R T
use, and collect the wastes. This process ten/Kota budget, grant and soft loan from
is expected to generate additional income international organizations and donor
and employment opportunity. Consi- countries, public companies (national as
dering the relatively large scale of works well as regional), private sector and the
involved the transport and final process- The estimated budget for community.
ing activity will have to be done by a con- WSS, covering drinking In general the financial allocation po-
tractor or conducted by the Cleaning licy is prioritized to rehabilitation. This is
Agency. water, sanitation, garbage based on consideration that the benefit is
With regard procurement of materi- handling and mikro already known from the very beginning
als, there must be a specific policy for and it does not need any intricate
procurement, distribution, construction draininage system reha- preparatory step. It is also assumed that
and operation of materials and equip- bilitation and rehabilitation will not face land and envi-
ment (heavy machinery, geo-textile, ronmental problem because the work and
incinerator, etc.) especially when it must resonstruction is some- activity are located on the very place it
be imported from other countries. where around used to be.
According to record from the field, In terms of objectives, the drinking
garbage handling costs will increase com- Rp 1,53 trillion. water and sanitation program is divided
pared to it was before the disaster. In the The target beneficiaries into two categories. First, recovery activ-
city of Banda Aceh for instance, the ities to the former level of service (i.e.
regional Cleaning Agency is preparing are 366.323families before the tsunami), and secondly,
itself to procure additional land area at of the cities and villages expansion of the service through upgra-
Kampung Jawa TPA because the increas- ding of the facility or adding new con-
ing amount of waste materials flowing in. struction.
At the initial sage, the costs will be borne
by by the central government as subsidy. Constraints
Later on the community will participate The existing master plan was develo-
through contribution of service fee for be paid from payment of tariff by those ped in a hurry. In less than 3 months.
garbage cleaning. who benefit from the service. Admittedly or not, the base data and
information used for the formulation
Wastewater City Drainage were not sufficiently reliable to produce
Wastewater management of resettle- The strategy for the rehabilitation and an academically and publicly accountable
ment areas (with or without relocation) reconstruction works will be reactivating and integrated planning product. As an
will be done through best practice, such the primary and secondary canals infrastructure planning norm requires,
as city or communal scale wastewater through repairworks and reconstruction the preliminary field survey at a certain
piping system. According to Nugroho, of the entirely damaged canals. Also, spe- level of accuracy as basis for decision
this is high time to build an offside sani- cial attention will be paid on the integrity making, was not met.
tation system. of city drainage with other flood control It is of no surprise, therefore, the
Just like drinking water, the develop- systems. planners of the master plan took freedom
ment approach should as far as possible to call the document as an indicative
be conducted through community de- Financing planning. That's why, decision making
mand approach except in new resettle- The estimated budget for WSS, co- must be based on actual and more
ment areas where infrastructure develop- vering drinking water, sanitation, detailed field data and information and at
ment takes place before the houses are garbage handling and mikro draininage a sufficient coverage though balancing
built. Community demand approach can system rehabilitation and resonstruction the demand dynamism and availability of
be applied in villages. Whereas in urban is somewhere around Rp 1,53 trillion. resources. It should be reminded that
areas the construction works are accom- The target beneficiaries are 366.323 fam- one should not act blindly following
plished through contractual arrange- ilies of the cities and villages. The source something simply because the document
ment. In the beginning the running cost of fund will be from APBN (national is called "master plan". Aceh does not
is covered by a subsidy but later on it will budget), provincial budget, Kabupa- need fatamorgana! (mujiyanto)
Percik 11
May 2005

14. ESTIMATED BUDGET REQUIREMENT FOR REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION WORKS IN ACEH AND NIAS
Water supply : Rp 16.929.696.000
Water supply : Rp 192.128.911.000 Water supply : Rp 77.027.568.000
Sanitation : Rp 29.244.376.000
12
Sanitation : Rp 37.742.620.000 Sanitation : Rp 133.057.508.000
Wastewater : Rp 4.453.610.000
Wastewater : Rp 12.572.767.000 Wastewater : Rp 20.263.255.000
Drainage : Rp 4.777.418.000
Drainage : Rp 14.277.508.000 Drainage : Rp 21.736.534.000
Sabang Total : Rp 55.405.100.000
Total : Rp 256.721.806.000 Total : Rp 252.084.865.000
Water supply : Rp 127.561.301.000
Water supply : Rp 108.261.696.000 Water supply : Rp 155.857.611.000
Sanitation : Rp 37.742.620.000
Sanitation : Rp 187.011.376.000 Sanitation : Rp 46.114.884.000
Banda Aceh Wastewater : Rp 12.572.767.000
Wastewater : Rp 28.479.860.000 Wastewater : Rp 15.361.724.000
Drainage : Rp 14.277.508.000 Water supply : Rp 187.603.022.000
Drainage : Rp 30.550.543.000
May 2005
Aceh Besar Total : Rp 192.154.196.000 Drainage : Rp 17.444.619.000
Total : Rp 354.303.475.000 Sanitation : Rp 55.507.662.000
Total : Rp 234.778.838.000
Percik
Wastewater : Rp 18.490.632.000
Drainage : Rp 20.997.776.000
M AIN REPORT
Kota Total : Rp 282.599.092.000
Pidie Bireuen Lhokseumawe
Water supply : Rp 13.112.072.000
Aceh Utara Water supply : Rp 147.116.152.000
Sanitation : Rp 4.367.875.000
Sanitation : Rp 43.528.476.000
Wastewater : Rp 4.960.114.000
Aceh Jaya Wastewater : Rp 14.500.143.000
Drainage : Rp 66.755.823.000
Drainage : Rp 16.466.217.000
Total : Rp 89.195.884.000
Hener Meriah Aceh Total : Rp 221.610.988.000
Timur
Water supply : Rp 69.531.176.000
Water supply : Rp 21.490.544.000 Aceh Barat Sanitation : Rp 120.108.233.000
Sanitation : Rp 7.158.899.000 Wastewater : Rp 18.291.217.000
Kodya Langsa
Wastewater : Rp 8.129.574.000 Aceh Tengah Drainage : Rp 19.621.115.000
Drainage : Rp 109.412.071.000 Total : Rp 227.551.741.000
Total : Rp 146.191.087.000
Nagan Aceh Aceh Tambang
Water supply : Rp 67.120.138.000
Sanitation : Rp 19.859.392.000
Wastewater : Rp 6.615.532.000 Gayo Laues
Drainage : Rp 7.512.532.000 Aceh
Total : Rp 101.107.594.000 Barat Daya
Water supply : Rp 59.725.948.000
Sanitation : Rp 17.411.112.000
Wastewater : Rp 5.799.965.000
Drainage : Rp 6.586.381.000
Total : Rp 89.523.406.000
Aceh Aceh Tenggara
Water supply : Rp 32.576.557.000 Selatan
Sanitation : Rp 9.638.696.000
Wastewater : Rp 3.210.829.000
Drainage : Rp 3.646.185.000
Water supply : Rp 86.098.096.000
Total : Rp 49.072.266.000
Sanitation : Rp 25.474.558.000 Water supply : Rp 72.260.630.000
Wastewater : Rp 8.486.048.000 Sanitation : Rp 21.380.352.000
Drainage : Rp 9.636.671.000 Wastewater : Rp 7.122.192.000
Total : Rp 129.695.372.000 Drainage : Rp 8.087.890.000
Simeulue
Total : Rp 108.851.064.000
Nias
Water supply : Rp 199.713.360.000 Aceh
Sanitasi : Rp 67.703.672.000 Singkil
Wastewater : Rp 22.553.350.000
Drainage : Rp 25.611.357.000
Total : Rp 315.581.738.000
Water supply : Rp 134.347.808.000
Sanitasi : Rp 41.375.078.000 Source: BAPPENAS
Nias Selatan Wastewater : Rp 13.782.806.000
Drainage : Rp 15.651.616.000
Total : Rp 205.157.309.000

15. I NTERVIEW
Dr. Ir. Patana Rantetoding, MSc, FIHT
Director General for Urban Planning and Rural Planning, Dept. of Public Works
“The People must be Resettled”
W
sasters?
hat is the government plan
to anticipate the recent di-
I think the government is commited
to reconstruct and rehabilitate Aceh. This
of course includes the funding.
I think there is a special government
istitution reponsible for handling the after- Can you give the number of fund
math of a disaster. Department of Public that is needed to develop water sup-
Works (PU), especially Directorate of Urban ply and sanitation facility?
Planning and Rural Planning (TPTP) will If I say it now, it is too early. But the
and always actively participate. The most result of survey, investigation and design
prominent is usually the damage of water from consultants will describe in detail
Dr. Ir. Patana Rantetoding, MSc., FIHT
supply facilities and infrastructures. Water the real demand of the redevelopment.
is the most needed immediately after the
disaster. That's why it must be dealt imme- the field in water supply and sani- What kind of breakthrough that
diately. Then followed by actions to deal tation development? had been done to overcome the li-
with refugees, sanitation, wastewater, and The difficulty is only in the repairment mitations?
solid wastes. Those are the rolls of PU. works. There is a lack of local capable man- Specifically for drinking water there are
power in the area that we can mobilise. We several donor countries or international
Does PU already have a guideline have to hire from somewhere else. institutions willing to help us. For example,
to overcome an emergency situation? the Netherlands and Germany. I think the
The government already distributes the Plan for the future, what does it government and the people of Indonesia
tasks. There is the so called emergency res- look like? Is there any special policy? and other countries are deeply interested to
ponse. Who is to be foremost in emergency The policy is, the community must be rebuild Aceh. This is the most important
response, who is taking lead in rehabilita- resettled and together with it they will be factor in rehabilitating Aceh.
tion and reconstruction, and so on. I think provided with water supply facility. This
this standard has been established since means their new settlement will have If there is a constraint, for instan-
several years ago. water supply facility. ce a fund constraint, is there any
anticipation for it?
What has been done in Aceh Is it already included in the I am optimistic that the government is
during the emergency response? existing master plan? capable to fulfil the demand. Especially
During the emergency response, in Yes. It is included. Master plan descri- with the help from the international com-
dealing with the refugees, we have dis- bes among others, where housings are loca- munity. The problem is how we could do
tributed water tanks to refugee camps, we ted and provided with water supply facility. the activities in Aceh properly and trans-
also sent sanitation trucks. This as far as parently. That is the most important.
water supply and sanitation is concerned. Does this mean there is already
In the meantime we reconstruct water su- the necessary input how water sup- Beside physical development,
plly installations in Banda Aceh and Meu- ply will be managed? will the government be willing to
laboh. Now we are constructing barracks This means, the master plan will be provide another assistance to make
complemented with water supply and used as basis for drinking water service the community capable of building
sanitation facilities. The barracks are ex- development. We have sent consultant its own water supply facility?
pected to be functional for two years. The over there. Though presently is still Affirmative. We are committed that
drinking water may come from various emergency response phase, we have star- all water supply services outside PDAM
sources. If they are near a PDAM instal- ted with plans for rehabilitation. are to be built and managed through
lation, we make direct connection, other- empowerment of the community. This is
wise we dig wells and build a pumping Can we finance the water supply exactly what we are doing right now. All
system. and sanitation development by our are conducted through community em-
What are the obstacles met in self? powerment. (MJ)
Percik 13
May 2005

16. I NTERVIEW
DR. R.Hening Darpito,
Director of Water Hygiene and Sanitation, Dept. of Health
"Our Surveilance Is Operating"
W hat has Depkes (Dept. of
Health) been doing during
the emergency response in Aceh?
How can the ammonia
problem be dealt with?
The ammonia can be mini-
Reducing the risk of extraordinary mized through nitrification.
prevalence of contagious diseases,
through provision of water supply and What more has been
improvement of water quality. First we done?
conducted rapid appraisal. Then provi- The agency for health
sion of water supply and application of has trained 30 sa-
desinfectant. Also promotion and hygi- nitarians for Banda
ene sanitation extension activities and Aceh and Kabu-
water quality examination and control. paten Aceh Besar,
Monitoring of water quality is conducted and trained 75
by Department and Agency Health in col- cadres. They
laboration with CARE. The problem with are present-
it is the presence on nitrate, though still ly doing
below the danger threshold. On average
is 14-15, while the standard quality is 50.
Then nitrite, also below the standard. The
SOURCE: MUJIYANTO
figure is 0,03-0,04 while the standard in 3
mg/l. What is suprising is ammonia. It re-
cords the highest mark. Ammonia is actual-
ly a product of metabolism of agricultural and
industrial pollutants. Groundwater usually
contains 0.2 mg/l of ammonia. It can reach 3
mg/l in anaerobic condition. Over there in extension activities in the communities. back to their original quality.
the disaster areas the groundwater contains 4 The extension is done by the cadres with
mg/l ammonia. While the areas not affected backup from sanitarian and puskesmas. During the emergency response
by disaster the content is 1,2 mg/l. There has Soon the activities will be expanded to 21 there was no extraordinary situa-
no reported toxicologic effect, though. kabupatens. Presently it is being done in tion. Why?
Nevertheless, in the disaster areas the figure the refugee concentration camps invol- Our surveillance system is functi-
exceeds the threshold of 1,5 mg/l. ving 10 sanitarians for each kabupaten. oning. Once there is a diarrhoea informa-
There are also 1.000 cadres involved. tion, we take immediate action to localize
Where does the ammonia come it, disinfection of the contamination
from? What lessons have been learned source, desinfection of the surroundings.
It may come from the sea. Below the during the emergency response In the beginning we were worried about
surface it is anaerobic. regarding to matters that already the outbreak of several diseases such as
undertaken? cholera, malaria, diarrhoea. But it didn't
Will it diminish by itself or what? Water sources were wiped out, and in happen.
I don't think it will completely dimi- a short time water was polluted. Water
nish, because an unpolluted area also con- supply was provided by NGOs, our col- What are the constraints in deal-
tains ammonia, but the content is below leagues from Kimpraswil (Settlement and ing with health during the emer-
the threshold. For health it is not a pro- Regional Infrastructure), while we made gency response?
blem. It is the community who brings it available desinfectant, that helped a lot. In the beginning the number of man-
as an issue. And foreign aid. The existing water so- power was limited. In the first two weeks
urces must be cleansed in order to bring it our colleagues from local government
14 Percik
May 2005

17. I NTERVIEW
were still unstable because they were suf- improve health status of village commu- government ?
fering from trauma. Slowly they began to nities through access to acceptable drink- Since last month the central govern-
recover. ing water service. For the beginning 12 ment personnel assigned to Banda Aceh
months starting in mid 2005 we will do have been functioning as facilitator. In
How was the financial situation rehabilation activities. Then the next the beginning, the duties included every-
during the emergency response? three years will be reconstruction stage. thing from spraying and so on. It is be-
The present months are the time without The rehabilitation will be focused to vil- coming more selective now, facilitating
money. In December, end of the year all the lages where the facility damage is still the provincial personnel to strengthen
budget has been accounted for. In January, repairable. Temporary refugee camed. them in planning and its implementation.
February and March there is no new fund. As for the cities, the work will wait till the We have improved their self reliance.
The fund is bridged over by the Dept. of spatial plan is completed. In this case we Then we made plans together. We pre-
Health. We are lucky we have public owned have requested permission to Bappeda pared the figures. We sent the planning
companies such as Biofarma, Kimia Farma, (Regional Development Planning Agen- documents to the donor and the central
Indofarma that help us to supply chemicals cy) to be exempted from this require- government. Then together we put the
and medicines. ment. The target is villages, the commu- plans into implementation. We were only
nity not too heavily affected. In the futu- facilitating them. Though it should be
What is the level of awareness of re it includes the communities that were step by step. Including later with CWSH.
NAD community in terms of sanita- not directly hit by the tsunami, but was Of course the stages are not as strict as
tion in general? suffering the effect. We can start with they are with WSLIC-2 project. We have
Mostly they do not have sufficient planning without waiting for spatial shorten the process because this is a grant
care about water quality, such as polluted plan. The activity will be in conforma- fund and does not need a counter budget.
water. They use whatever water is avail- tion with WASPOLA philosophy, i.e
able for daily consumption, but for drink- community based, strengthening regio- What about the budget for reha-
ing they boil it first. But speaking of nal health services infrastructures in bilitation and reconstruction?
clealiness, drainage, stagnant water all the provincial and district level, also for The grant will be fully utilized. I do
are beyond their attention. This will be Puskesmas (Community Helath Cen- not know the design yet, whether they
the focus of our activity. ters). In its implementation we will hire will contribute in cash or inkind. But
facilitators, conduct roadshow to the based on WSLIC and WASPOLA the in
What is the plan for the future? villages, we making participatory rapid cash is only 4 percent. But the inkind
For the future we are planning for appraisal, improvement/rehabilitation must come from the community, such as
water quality control, because it has been of water sources, then promotion and labour. They can do the construction by
done only in Banda Aceh and Kabupaten extension activities for behavioural themselves.
Aceh Besar. We are working together change.
with UNICEF to expand the coverage of For the reconstruction stage begin- Looking into the disaster do we
water quality control. We have made a ning from the second year, we will build need an SOP?
check at 60 control points. WSS facility in villages, both the villages This disaster was beyond our capacity
directly hit by tsunami and also the new to deal with. The magnitude was so big
During the rehabilitation and villages. All applying community based that made us shocked. Then came local
reconstruction stage? approach. Tentatively the locations will and foreign aid. We began to gain con-
For rehabilitation and reconstruction include Aceh Jaya, Pidie, Bireun, Aceh trol. In the beginning it was a real mess.
stage of course Dept. of Health, Bappenas Utara, Nagan Raya, and Nias. Covering From the point of view of the victims
(Ministry of National Development Plan- approximately 500 villages. The problem there was no bureaucracy. Everything
ning), Dept. of Public Work and Dept. of is, the capacity of kabupaten administra- was quick. Probably that was the reason
Home Affairs will develop community tion. They will play the key role in the why the global community said that Indo-
based water supply and sanitation sys- community based development. And, the nesia was successful in overcoming tsunami
tem. There is a grant fund from the go- community facilitator. And the capacity victims. But from the administration side, it
vernments of UK, Canada and the of the community institution. In villages was a real mess. From national dignity we
Netherlands. The grant will be chanelled directly hit by the disaster the communi- were deeply hurt, they just came in without
trough CWSH project. The total amount ty is heterogenous. Some are new to the proper permission. This must be anticipa-
is USD 16,5 million for a project duration area, and so on. ted in the future. There must be an SOP.
of four years. The purpose is to minimize What measures are taken to We have had for smaller scale such as for
water borne or water related diseases and anticipate the law capacity of local drought. (mujiyanto)
Percik 15
May 2005

18. I NTERVIEW
Saefuddin, Chief of Banda Aceh Agency for Cleaning
"TPA (Final Disposal Ground) Needs To Be Enlarged"
H ow is the condition of post
tsunami solid waste manage-
ment in Banda Aceh?
What is the condition of the TPA
(Final Disposal Ground)?
TPA in Kampung Jawa is now used as
been quite established yet.
Can the Cleaning Agency handle
Immediately after the tsunami we tsunami waste disposal. Because of the big all the wastes with the enlarged
were faced with a large amount of waste amount of wastes we have a lot of difficulty. area?
materials. There were two kinds of was- The TPA has to be expanded and comple- Actually we have sufficient number of
tes, i.e. mud and debris from building mented with new support facilities because manpower. There are many who are will-
wreckage. Specifically for these kind of the old ones were damaged. There are ing to work. The problem is lack of faci-
wastes the handling was done by Waskita many countries and donor organizations lity and control. It is not difficult to hire
Karya, Nindya karya and other public willing to help in enlargement of the TPA. casual labourers here. But, there are only
ompanies under the coordination of The problem is land procurement. We a few who can supervise them
Kodam (Army Division) Iskandar Muda. need 10-20 ha addditional area.
The whole area was divided into How does the Cleaning
SOURCE: EXCLUSIVE
several zones. The priority was Agency function given the
evacuation of the dead. Howe- existing limitations?
ver, automatically they were Now we have to work on
doing cleaning job because ma- shifts. We have made survey to
ny of the dead were buried see which areas are producing
under the debris. Utilization of most wastes. There we are con-
heavy machinery was inevita- centrating our activities.
ble. At this point in time the
tsunami debris cleaning opera- Is there any priority?
tion is nearly completed. While Yes. We decided three prio-
we from the Cleaning Agency of rities. First is refugee camp.
Banda Aceh city is back to our The second is marketplace. The
normal job i.e cleaning the third is the housing of expatria-
domestic wastes. At this mo- tes.
ment we are being helped by
UNICEF and UNDP. The insti- What about financial
tutions loaned us garbage condition?
trucks because most of our facilities were How about domestic wastes? Thanks God, it is not quite a problem
damaged or lost during the disaster. Isn't it reduced because many fami- because UNICEF and UNDP came to
From a fleet of 40 vehicles, there are only lies are now missing? help. The problem is after the help is ter-
3 trucks left. The reduction is not too significant. minated.
With the refugee camps we have a new
Is the existing fleet sufficient to duty handling wastes of the camps. There How could TPA be enlarged?
handle the wastes? are 22 new points scattered within the We have submitted request for addi-
Not yet. What is happening right now city of Banda Aceh and Kabupaten Aceh tional fund on top of the regular budget.
is we are spreading the wastes into the Besar. The amount is Rp 20 billion. But we are
city limits, such as Ulee Kareng. This pessimistic if the local government would
operation needs a larger fleet. Luckily Is there any cooperation with approve it. Our only hope is the central
there was a kind attention from Istanbul Kabupaten Aceh Besar to handle government. Actually, land is available.
(Turkey) Metropolitan City, that directly the wastes? The owner has made the offer. But
involved in handling wastes in the city Not yet. Everything is now handled because there is no money, we have to
limits. Even, finally they are going to by Cleaning Agency of the city of Banda postpone it. I think this is quite timely for
donate the vehicles they brought in to us. Aceh. As a matter of fact, in Kabupaten improvement on waste management in
Aceh Besar the Cleaning Agency has not Banda Aceh. (MJ)
16 Percik
May 2005